Nyama ndi kupuma m'mapapo

Zamkati

• Zomwe zimachitika m'mapapu kupuma nyama
• Magawo ampweya kupuma
• Mapapu ndi chiyani?
• Nyama zam'madzi zopuma m'mapapo
• nsomba yopuma m'mapapo
• Ma amphibiya opumira m'mapapo
• Akamba am'madzi opuma m'mapapo
• Nyama zam'madzi ndi kupuma kwamapapu
• Mapapo kupuma nyama zapansi
• Zokwawa ndi kupuma m'mapapo
• Mbalame zopuma m'mapapo
• Mapapu amapuma nyama zakutchire
• Nyama zopanda mafupa ndi kupuma kwamapapu
• Artropods ndi kupuma kwamapapu
• Mapapo kupuma molluscs
• Echinoderms ndi kupuma kwamapapu
• Nyama ndi kupuma kwa m'mapapo ndi gill
• Nyama zina zomwe zimapuma m'mapapo

Kupuma ndikofunikira kwa nyama zonse. Kudzera mwa iwo, amatenga mpweya wofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito zofunikira, ndikuchotsa mpweya woipa wochuluka mthupi. Komabe, magulu osiyanasiyana azinyama adakula njira zosiyanasiyana kuchita ntchitoyi. Mwachitsanzo, pali nyama zomwe zimatha kupuma kudzera pakhungu lawo, m'makutu kapena m'mapapu.

Munkhani ya PeritoAnimal, tikukuwuzani zomwe nyama zopuma m'mapapo ndi momwe amachitira. Kuwerenga bwino!

Zomwe zimachitika m'mapapu kupuma nyama

Kupuma m'mapapo kumachitika ndi mapapo. Ndi njira yopumira yomwe anthu ndi zinyama zina amagwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza pa iwo, palinso magulu ena azinyama omwe amapuma kudzera m'mapapu awo. Mbalame, zokwawa ndi amphibiya ambiri amagwiritsanso ntchito mtundu uwu wa kupuma. Palinso nsomba zomwe zimapuma kudzera m'mapapu awo!

Magawo ampweya kupuma

Kupuma m'mapapo nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi magawo awiri:

• Kutulutsa mpweya: woyamba, wotchedwa inhalation, momwe mpweya umalowera m'mapapu kuchokera kunja, komwe kumatha kuchitika kudzera pakamwa kapena m'mphuno.
• Kutulutsa mpweya: gawo lachiwiri, lotchedwa kutulutsa mpweya, momwe mpweya ndi zinyalala zimatulutsidwira m'mapapo kupita panja.

M'mapapu muli alveoli, omwe ndi machubu opapatiza omwe ali ndi khoma lozungulira lomwe limalola kuchoka pa oxygen kupita ku magazi. Mpweya ukalowa, mapapo amatupa ndikusinthana kwamagesi kumachitika mu alveoli. Mwanjira imeneyi, mpweya umalowa m'magazi ndikugawika ziwalo zonse ndi ziwalo zathupi, ndipo mpweya woipa umachoka m'mapapu, womwe pambuyo pake umatulutsidwa mumlengalenga mapapo atapuma.

Mapapu ndi chiyani?

Koma mapapu ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Mapapu ndi kulowa kwa thupi komwe kumakhala ndi njira yomwe mpweya umapezekera. Ndi pamwamba pamapapo pomwe kusinthana kwa gasi kumachitika. Mapapu nthawi zambiri amakhala awiriawiri ndipo amachita kupuma mbali zonse: mpweya umalowa ndikutuluka kudzera mu chubu chomwecho. Kutengera mtundu wa nyama ndi mawonekedwe ake, mapapo amasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake ndipo itha kukhala ndi ntchito zina zogwirizana.

Tsopano, ndikosavuta kulingalira kupuma kotere mwa anthu ndi zinyama zina, koma kodi mumadziwa kuti pali magulu ena azinyama omwe amapuma m'mapapu awo? Kodi mukufuna kudziwa zomwe zili? Pitilizani kuwerenga kuti mupeze!

Nyama zam'madzi zopuma m'mapapo

Nyama zam'madzi nthawi zambiri zimapeza mpweya kudzera pakusinthana kwa gasi ndi madzi. Atha kuchita izi m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kupuma pang'onopang'ono (kudzera pakhungu) ndi kupuma kwamphamvu. Komabe, popeza mpweya uli ndi mpweya wambiri kuposa madzi, nyama zambiri zam'madzi zapanga kupuma m'mapapo ngati njira yowonjezera za kupeza mpweya kuchokera kumlengalenga.

Kuphatikiza pa kukhala njira yabwino yopezera mpweya, m'minyama yam'mapapo mapapu amathandizanso. kuyandama.

nsomba yopuma m'mapapo

Ngakhale zimawoneka zachilendo, pali nsomba zomwe zimapuma pogwiritsa ntchito mapapu awo, monga awa:

• Bichir-de-cuvier (Polypterus senegalus)
• Nsomba zam'madzi (Marble lungfish)Protopterus aethiopicus)
• Chitipa (Zododometsa za Lepidosiren)
• Nsomba zam'mapapo ku Australia (Neoceratodus forsteri)
• African lungfishProtopterus imalumikiza)

Ma amphibiya opumira m'mapapo

Ambiri amphibiya, monga tidzawonera pambuyo pake, amakhala gawo limodzi la moyo wawo ndi kupuma kwamatenda kenako ndikupuma kwamapapu. Ena zitsanzo za amphibiya amene amapuma kudzera m'mapapu awo ndi awa:

• Mphaka wamba (Spinosus wakadzidzi)
• Chule wamtengo waku Iberia (alireza)
• Chule MtengoPhyllomedusa sauvagii)
• Moto salamander (salamander salamander)
• Cecilia (agogo)

Akamba am'madzi opuma m'mapapo

Zinyama zina zam'mapapu zomwe zimazolowera chilengedwe cham'madzi ndi akamba am'madzi. Monga zokwawa zonse, akamba, apadziko lapansi komanso am'madzi, amapuma m'mapapu awo. Komabe, akamba am'madzi amathanso kusinthana ndi mpweya kudzera kupuma khungu; Mwanjira imeneyi, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya m'madzi. Zitsanzo zina za akamba am'madzi omwe amapuma m'mapapu awo ndi awa:

• Kamba wamba wamba (alireza)
• Kamba wobiriwira (Chelonia mydas)
• Khungu lachikopa (Dermochelys coriacea)
• Kamba wofiiraZolemba za scripta elegans)
• Nkhumba ya mphuno ya nkhumba (Carettochelys insculpta)

Ngakhale kupuma m'mapapo ndiye njira yayikulu yopezera mpweya, chifukwa cha kupuma kwina, akamba am'madzi amatha kubisala pansi pa nyanja, kuthera milungu ingapo osayang'ana!

Nyama zam'madzi ndi kupuma kwamapapu

Nthawi zina, momwe kupuma kwam'mapapo kumayambira moyo m'madzi. Umu ndi momwe zimachitikira a cetaceans (anamgumi ndi ma dolphin), omwe, ngakhale amangogwiritsa ntchito kupuma kwamapapu, apanga kusintha kwa moyo wam'madzi. Nyama izi zimakhala ndi mphuno (zotchedwa spiracles) zomwe zili kumtunda kwa chigaza, momwe zimapangidwira kulowa ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya kupita m'mapapu osafikiranso kunja. Zina mwazinyama zam'madzi zomwe zimapuma m'mapapu awo ndi izi:

• Whale Blue (Balaenoptera musculus)
• Orca (Orcinus orca)
• Dolphin wamba (Delphinus delphis)
• Manatee (Trichechus manatus)
• Chisindikizo Chaimvi (Halichoerus grypus)
• Chisindikizo cha Njovu chakummwera (leonine mirounga)

Mapapo kupuma nyama zapansi

Nyama zonse zamtundu wapadziko lapansi zimapuma kudzera m'mapapu awo. Komabe, gulu lirilonse liri ndi zosiyana kusinthika kosinthika malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake. Mwachitsanzo, mu mbalame, mapapu amalumikizidwa ndi matumba amlengalenga, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ngati nkhokwe zatsopano kuti apange kupuma kogwira ntchito komanso kupangitsa thupi kupepuka pothawa.

Kuphatikiza apo, munyama izi, zoyendera zamkati zamkati zilinso yogwirizana ndi mawu. Pankhani ya njoka ndi abuluzi ena, chifukwa cha kukula ndi mawonekedwe a thupi, imodzi mwa mapapo ake amakhala ochepa kwambiri kapena amatha.

Zokwawa ndi kupuma m'mapapo

• Chinjoka cha Komodo (Varanus komodoensis)
• Boa wokhazikika (wabwino constrictor)
• Ng'ombe yaku America (Crocodylus acutus)
• Fulu Yaikulu ya Galapagos (Chelonoidis nigra)
• Njoka ya Horseshoe (Zilonda za Hippocrepis)
• Basilisk (Basiliscus Basiliscus)

Mbalame zopuma m'mapapo

• Mpheta ya nyumba (zonyamula zoweta)
• Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri)
• Mbalame yotentha yofiira (Archilochus colubris)
• Nthiwatiwa (Ngamila ya Struthio)
• Kuyenda kwa Albatross (Kutulutsa Diomedea)

Mapapu amapuma nyama zakutchire

• wachinyamata weasel (mustela nivalis)
• Munthu (alireza)
• ZamgululiMatenda a Ornithorhynchus)
• Girafi (Giraffa camelopardalis)
• Mbewa (Mus musculus)

Nyama zopanda mafupa ndi kupuma kwamapapu

Mwa nyama zopanda mafupa zomwe zimapuma m'mapapu awo, izi zimapezeka:

Artropods ndi kupuma kwamapapu

M'magazi, kupuma nthawi zambiri kumachitika kudzera mu tracheolae, yomwe ndi nthambi za trachea. Komabe, arachnids (akangaude ndi zinkhanira) apanganso njira yopumira m'mapapo yomwe amachita kudzera muzinthu zotchedwa a mapapu a masamba.

Nyumbazi zimapangidwa ndi mphako yayikulu yotchedwa atrium, momwe mumakhala lamellae (pomwe pamakhala kusinthana kwa gasi) ndi malo apakatikati amlengalenga, opangidwa monga m'mapepala a buku. Atrium imatsegukira panja kudzera pabowo lotchedwa spiracle.

Kuti timvetsetse bwino mtundu uwu wa kupuma kwa nyamakazi, tikupangira kufunsa nkhani iyi ya PeritoAnimalizire yokhudzana ndi kupuma kwa nyama.

Mapapo kupuma molluscs

Mu molluscs palinso thupi lalikulu. Amatchedwa chovala cham'madzi ndipo, m'madzi am'madzi am'madzi, mumakhala minyewa yomwe imatulutsa mpweya kuchokera m'madzi omwe akubwera. mu molluscs a gulu Pulmonata(nkhono zapansi ndi slugs), mimbayi ilibe mitsempha, koma imakhala yolimba kwambiri ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati mapapu, yotenga mpweya womwe umalowa mlengalenga womwe umalowa kuchokera kunja kudzera pore yotchedwa pneumostoma.

Munkhani iyi ya PeritoAnimal yokhudza mitundu ya molluscs - mawonekedwe ndi zitsanzo, mupezanso zitsanzo za molluscs omwe amapuma m'mapapu awo.

Echinoderms ndi kupuma kwamapapu

Pankhani ya kupuma kwamapapu, nyama zomwe zili mgululi Holothuroidea (nkhaka zam'nyanja) ikhoza kukhala yosangalatsa kwambiri. Nyama zopanda mafupa ndi zam'madzi izi zakhala zikupanga mawonekedwe am'mapapo omwe amapumira, mmalo mogwiritsa ntchito mpweya, gwiritsani ntchito madzi. Ali ndi nyumba zotchedwa "mitengo yopumira" yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati mapapu am'madzi.

Mitengo ya kupuma imakhala ndi ma machubu okhala ndi nthambi zambiri omwe amalumikizana ndi chilengedwe chakunja kudzera pa cloaca. Amatchedwa mapapu chifukwa amaloledwa ndikumayenda mosiyanasiyana. Madzi amalowa ndikutuluka pamalo omwewo: kuchimbudzi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kupindika kwa cloaca. Kusinthanitsa kwa gasi kumachitika pamwamba pa mitengo yopumira pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wochokera m'madzi.

Nyama ndi kupuma kwa m'mapapo ndi gill

Nyama zambiri zam'madzi zopuma m'mapapu zilinso nazo mitundu ina ya kupuma kowonjezera, monga kupuma pang'ono ndi kupuma kwa gill.

Mwa nyama zomwe zimapuma m'mapapo ndi m'matumbo muli amphibiya, omwe amakhala gawo loyamba la moyo wawo (gawo lazaza) m'madzi, momwe amapumira m'mitsempha yawo. Komabe, amphibiya ambiri amataya minyewa yawo atakula (gawo lapadziko lapansi) ndikuyamba kupuma mapapo ndi khungu.

nsomba zina amapumanso kudzera m'mitsempha yawo ali mwana ndipo, atakula, amapuma m'mapapu ndi m'mitsempha. Komabe, nsomba zina zimakhala ndi mpweya wopumira m'mapapo munthu wamkulu, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mitundu ya genera Polypterus, Protopterus ndipo Lepidosiren, ndani amatha kumira ngati alibe mwayi wokwera pamwamba.

Ngati mukufuna kukulitsa chidziwitso chanu ndikumaliza chidziwitso chonse chomwe chaperekedwa munkhaniyi chokhudza nyama zomwe zimapuma kudzera m'mapapu awo, mutha kuwona nkhani iyi ya PeritoZinyama zokhudzana ndi nyama zomwe zimapuma kudzera pakhungu lawo.

Nyama zina zomwe zimapuma m'mapapo

Nyama zina zomwe zimapuma m'mapapo ndi izi:

• Nkhandwe (kennels lupus)
• Galu (Canis lupus familiaris)
• mphaka (Felis catus)
• Lynx (PA)Lynx)
• Kambuku (panthera pardus)
• Nkhumba (tiger panther)
• Mkango (panthera leo)
• Puma (PA)Puma concolor)
• Kalulu (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
• Kalulu (Lepus europaeus)
• Ferret (Mustela putorius anabala)
• chinyama (Mephitidae)
• Canary (Serinus canaria)
• Chiwombankhanga (chiwombankhanga)
• KadzidziTyto alba)
• Gologolo Wouluka (mtundu Pteromyini)
• Marsupial mole (Amadziwika kuti typhlops)
• chilombo (matope okongola)
• Alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
• Mbawala (mtundu Mphatso)
• ChimbalangondoUrsus Maritimus)
• Narwhal (Monodon monoceros)
• Whale Whale (Thupi macrocephalus)
• Cockatoo (banja Cockatoo)
• Chimake Chomera (Hirundo wokonda ntchito)
• Chiwombankhanga Chambirifalco peregrinus)
• Mbalame (turdus merula)
• Nyama yakutchire (latham chikond)
• A Robin (erithacus rubecula)
• Njoka yamchere (banja elapidae)
• Iguana yam'madzi (Amblyrhynchus cristatus)
• Ng'onoting'ono (Osteolaemus tetraspis)

Ndipo popeza mukudziwa zonse za nyama zomwe zimapuma m'mapapu awo, musaphonye vidiyo yotsatirayi yokhudza imodzi mwazi, zomwe timapereka Mfundo zosangalatsa za ma dolphin:

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Nyama ndi kupuma m'mapapo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.