Zamkati
- Makhalidwe a Nyama za Antarctica
- Zinyama za ku Antarctic
- 1. Emperor penguin
- 2. Krill
- 3. Nyalugwe wam'nyanja
- 4. Chisindikizo cha Weddell
- 5. Chisindikizo cha nkhanu
- 6. Chisindikizo cha Ross
- 7. Petrel wa ku Antarctic
- Nyama zina zochokera ku Antarctica
- Nyama za ku Antarctic zili pachiwopsezo chotha
Antarctica ndiye kontinenti yozizira kwambiri komanso yovuta kwambiri wa Dziko Lapansi. Palibe mizinda kumeneko, pali mabizinesi okhaokha asayansi omwe amafotokozera zofunikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Gawo lakum'mawa kwenikweni kwa kontrakitala, ndiye kuti, lomwe lili pafupi ndi Oceania, ndi malo ozizira kwambiri. Apa, dziko lapansi limafika kutalika kwa mamitala opitilira 3,400, pomwe, mwachitsanzo, malo asayansi aku Russia Sitima ya Vostok. Pamalo awa, adalembedwa m'nyengo yozizira (mwezi wa Julayi) wa 1893, kutentha kotsika -90 ºC.
Mosiyana ndi momwe zingawoneke, alipo madera otentha kwambiri ku Antarctica, monganso chilumba cha Antarctic chomwe, mchilimwe, chimakhala ndi kutentha mozungulira 0 ºC, kutentha kotentha kwambiri kwa nyama zina zomwe -15 ºC zimakhala zotentha kale. Munkhaniyi ndi PeritoZinyama, tikambirana za moyo ku Antarctica, dera lozizira kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo tifotokoza momwe nyama zake zilili ndikugawana zitsanzo za nyama zochokera ku Antarctica.
Makhalidwe a Nyama za Antarctica
Kusintha kwa nyama kuchokera ku Antarctica kumayang'aniridwa ndi malamulo awiri, ulamuliro wa allen, yomwe imayika nyama zakuthupi (zomwe zimawongolera kutentha kwa thupi) zomwe zimakhala m'malo ozizira zimakhala ndi miyendo yaying'ono, makutu, mphuno kapena mchira, motero kuchepetsa kutentha, komanso ulamuliro waBergmann, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti ndi cholinga chofanizira kutentha, nyama zomwe zimakhala m'malo ozizira oterowo zimakhala ndi matupi okulirapo kuposa zamoyo zomwe zimakhala m'malo otentha kapena otentha. Mwachitsanzo, ma penguin okhala pamtengo ndi akulu kuposa ma penguin otentha.
Kuti zikhale ndi nyengo yamtunduwu, nyama zimasinthidwa kuti zizipeza zambiri mafuta pansi pa khungu, kuteteza kutentha. Khungu limakhala lolimba kwambiri ndipo, munyama zomwe zili ndi ubweya, nthawi zambiri limakhala lolimba kwambiri, limadzaza mpweya mkati mwake kuti lipangitse malo otetezera. Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi ena osatuluka komanso zimbalangondo kulibe zimbalangondo zakumtunda ku Antarctica, kapena zinyama zamtunduwu. Zisindikizo zimasinthanso.
M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, nyama zina zimasamukira kumadera ena otentha, yomwe ndi njira yofunika kwambiri kwa mbalame.
Zinyama za ku Antarctic
Nyama zomwe zimakhala ku Antarctica ndizo makamaka m'madzi, monga zisindikizo, ma penguin ndi mbalame zina. Tinapezanso nyama zina zam'madzi zam'madzi ndi zamoyo zazinyama.
Zitsanzo zomwe tifotokozere pansipa, ndiye oyimira bwino nyama zakutchire ndipo ndi awa:
- Emperor penguin
- Krill
- nyalugwe wam'nyanja
- chisindikizo cha weddell
- chisindikizo cha nkhanu
- ross chisindikizo
- Petrel wa ku Antarctic
1. Emperor penguin
Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) amakhala kudutsa gombe lakumpoto la kontrakitala, mukugawa mozungulira. Mitunduyi amadziwika kuti ili pafupi Kuopsezedwa chifukwa anthu ake amachepetsa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo. Mitunduyi imakhala yotentha kwambiri kutentha kukakwera kufika -15 ºC.
Emperor penguin amadyetsa makamaka nsomba m'nyanja ya Antarctic, koma amathanso kudya ma krill ndi cephalopods. khalani ndi kusinthasintha kwa pachaka. Makoloni amapangidwa pakati pa Marichi ndi Epulo. Monga chochititsa chidwi chokhudza nyama za ku Antarctic, titha kunena kuti amaikira mazira pakati pa Meyi ndi Juni, pa ayezi, ngakhale kuti dziralo limayikidwa pamapazi a m'modzi mwa makolowo kuti asazizire. Kumapeto kwa chaka, ana agalu amakhala odziyimira pawokha.
2. Krill
Kutentha kwa Antarctic (Wopambana Euphausia) ndiye maziko azakudya m'dera lino lapansi. Ndi pafupifupi yaying'ono chinsalu malaputupuluamakhala amoyo omwe amakhala ochulukirapo kuposa makilomita 10 m'litali. Kugawidwa kwake ndi circumpolar, ngakhale anthu ambiri amapezeka ku South Atlantic, kufupi ndi Antarctic Peninsula.
3. Nyalugwe wam'nyanja
Akambuku a m'madzi (Hydrurga leptonyx), ina ya Nyama zaku Antarctic, amagawidwa m'madzi a Antarctic ndi kum'mwera kwa Antarctic. Zazimayi ndizokulirapo kuposa amuna, zimalemera makilogalamu 500, womwe ndi mawonekedwe opatsirana pogonana. Ana agalu nthawi zambiri amabadwa pa ayezi pakati pa Novembala ndi Disembala ndipo amayamwitsidwa pamasabata anayi okha.
Ndi nyama zokhazokha, maanja amathira m'madzi, koma samawonana. ndi otchuka chifukwa chokhala alenje akuluakulu a penguin, komanso amadya krill, zisindikizo zina, nsomba, cephalopods, ndi zina zambiri.
4. Chisindikizo cha Weddell
Zisindikizo za Weddell (Leptonychotes weddellii) muli Kugawidwa kwa circumpolar kuwoloka Nyanja ya Antarctic. Nthawi zina anthu amakhala okhaokha pagombe la South Africa, New Zealand kapena South Australia.
Monga momwe zidalili m'mbuyomu, zisindikizo zachikazi zachikwati ndizazikulu kuposa zamphongo, ngakhale kuti kulemera kwake kumasinthasintha kwambiri pakukhwimitsa. Amatha kupanga pa ayezi wanyengo kapena pamtunda, kuwalola kutero kupanga madera, kubwerera chaka chilichonse kumalo omwewo kukachulukanso.
Zisindikizo zomwe zimakhala m'nyengo yachisanu zimapanga mabowo ndi mano awo kuti athe kupeza madzi. Izi zimapangitsa kuvala kwamano kothamanga kwambiri, kufupikitsa chiyembekezo cha moyo.
5. Chisindikizo cha nkhanu
Kupezeka kapena kupezeka kwa zisindikizo za nkhanu (Wolfdon carcinophaga) ku kontrakitala ya Antarctic zimadalira kusintha kwa nyengo kwa madzi oundana. Pamene ayezi amasowa, kuchuluka kwa zisindikizo za nkhanu kumawonjezeka. Anthu ena amapita kumwera kwa Africa, Australia kapena South America. lowani kontrakitala, tikubwera kudzapeza chithunzi chamoyo makilomita 113 kuchokera pagombe komanso kumtunda kwa mamitala 920.
Zisindikizo zachikazi za nkhanu zikabereka, zimachita izi pa ayezi, amayi ndi mwana akutsagana ndi wamwamuna, chani penyani kubadwa kwa mkazi. Awiriwa ndi mwana wagalu akhala limodzi mpaka patadutsa milungu ingapo mwanayo atasiya kuyamwa.
6. Chisindikizo cha Ross
Chinyama china cha Antarctica, zisindikizo za ross (Ommatophoca rossii) amagawidwa mozungulira padziko lonse la Antarctic. Nthawi zambiri amadziphatikiza m'magulu akuluakulu atadutsa madzi oundana nthawi yotentha kuti aswane.
Zisindikizo izi ndi zazing'ono mwa mitundu inayi zomwe tidazipeza ku Antarctica, zolemera makilogalamu 216 okha. Anthu amtunduwu amadutsa miyezi ingapo m'nyanja yotseguka, osayandikira kumtunda. Amakumana mu Januware, nthawi yomwe amasintha malaya awo. Ana agalu amabadwa mu Novembala ndipo amasiyidwa kuyamwa atakwanitsa mwezi umodzi. Kafukufuku wa majini akuwonetsa kuti ndi zamoyokukhala ndi mkazi m'modzi.
7. Petrel wa ku Antarctic
Mbalame ya Antarctic (Antarctic thalassoica) imagawidwa pagombe lonse la kontrakitala, ndikupanga gawo la nyama zaku Antarctic, ngakhale sankhani zilumba zapafupi kuti mupange zisa zanu. Miyala yopanda chipale chofewa ili ponseponse pazilumbazi, pomwe mbalameyi imapanga zisa zake.
Chakudya chachikulu cha petrel ndi krill, ngakhale amathanso kudya nsomba ndi ma cephalopods.
Nyama zina zochokera ku Antarctica
Onse a Zinyama za ku Antarctic imagwirizanitsidwa mwanjira ina ndi ina kunyanja, kulibe mitundu yapadziko lapansi yokha. Nyama zina zam'madzi zochokera ku Antarctica:
- Agorgoniya (Tauroprimnoa austasensis ndipo Kuekenthali Digitogorgia)
- Nsomba zasiliva ku Antarctic (Pleuragramma antarctica)
- Antarctica Starry Skateboard (Amblyraja Chijojiya)
- makumi atatu Antarctic réis (sterna vittata)
- Masikono a Beechroot (bwinja pachyptila)
- Southern Whale kapena Antarctic Minke (Balaenoptera bonaerensis)
- Shark wakumwera (Somniosus antarcticus)
- Mphepete mwa silvery, petrel ya siliva kapena austral petrel (Fulmarus glacialoides)
- Mtsinje wa Antarctic (stercorarius antarcticus)
- Nsomba Zamtchire Yamtchire (Zanchlorhynchus spinifer)
Nyama za ku Antarctic zili pachiwopsezo chotha
Malinga ndi IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature), pali nyama zingapo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha ku Antarctica. Pali zambiri, koma zosakwanira kudziwa. Pali mitundu mu ngozi yowonongeka yayikulu, a Whale blue kuchokera ku antarctica (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia), Chiwerengero cha anthu ali nacho anatsika ndi 97% kuyambira 1926 mpaka pano. Chiwerengero cha anthu chikukhulupiriridwa kuti chatsika pang'ono mpaka 1970 chifukwa cha kukwapula, koma chawonjezeka pang'ono kuyambira pamenepo.
Ndi mitundu itatu yomwe ili pangozi:
- mwaye albatross (Chikumbu cha Phoebetria). Mitunduyi inali pachiwopsezo chotayika mpaka 2012, chifukwa cha kusodza. Tsopano ili pachiwopsezo chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti malinga ndi momwe awonera, kuchuluka kwa anthu ndikochulukirapo.
- Northern Royal Albatross (Diomedea sanfordi). Northern Royal Albatross inali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chakutha chifukwa cha mkuntho wamphamvu mzaka za m'ma 1980 zomwe zidayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo. Pakadali pano palibe deta yokwanira, anthu ake akhazikika ndipo tsopano akuchepa.
- Wotuwa Mitu Albatross (talasarche chrysostoma). Kuchuluka kwa kuchepa kwamtunduwu kwakhala kofulumira kwambiri pamibadwo 3 yapitayi (zaka 90). Zomwe zimayambitsa kusowa kwa mitunduyi ndi usodzi wautali.
Palinso nyama zina zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha zomwe, ngakhale sizikhala ku Antarctica, zimadutsa pafupi ndi magombe ake momwe zimasamukira, monga atlantic petrel (pterodroma yosatsimikizika), O sclater penguin kapena ikani penguin yotentha (NDIudiptes sclaadzakhala ndi), O chikasu mphuno albatross (Thalassarche carteri) kapena Antipodean albatross (Diomedea antipodensis).
Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Nyama za ku Antarctic ndi mawonekedwe awo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.