Zinyama zosowa ku Brazil

Zamkati

• Kugawa nyama zomwe zatha
• 1. Mbewa ya Candango
• 2. Shaki ya mano
• 3. Chule wa Mtengo wa Pine
• 4. Nosemouse
• 5. Kufuula Kumpoto chakumadzulo
• 6. Eskimo Curlew
• 7. Kadzidzi wa Cabure-de-Pernambuco
• 8.Kachetechete Macaw
• 9. Chotsuka Chakum'maŵa Chakum'mawa
• 10. Chifuwa Chofiira Chachikulu
• 11. Megadyte ducalis
• 12. Minhocuçu
• 13. Chimphona Vampire Mleme
• 14. Buluzi nsombazi
• Ziwopsezo za nyama ku Brazil

Pafupi 20% yamitundu yazinyama ndi zomera akuwopsezedwa kuti atha ku Brazil, malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ndi Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) mu Novembala 2020.

Zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zimafotokozera izi: kusaka kosalamulirika, kuwononga malo okhala nyama, moto ndi kuipitsa, kungotchulapo zochepa. Komabe, mwatsoka tikudziwa kale kuti alipo angapo nyama zatha ku Brazil, ena mpaka posachedwapa. Ndipo ndi zomwe tikambirane m'nkhaniyi ya PeritoAnimal.

Kugawa nyama zomwe zatha

Tisanatchule mndandanda wa nyama zatha ku Brazil, ndikofunikira kufotokoza magulu osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwatchula. Malinga ndi Chico Mendes Institute's Red Book ya 2018, yokonzedwa ndi Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Red List terminology ya International Union for the Conservation of Natural and Natural Resources (IUCN), nyama zotere amatha kuwerengedwa ngati: kutha kuthengo, kutha m'chigawo kapena kungowonongeka:

• Kutha kwa nyama kuthengo (EW): ndi yomwe siyikupezeka m'malo ake achilengedwe, ndiye kuti, imapezekanso m'malo olima, ukapolo kapena mdera lomwe siligawidwe mwachilengedwe.
• Nyama zomwe zatha m'chigawo (RE): ndizofanana ndikunena kuti ndi nyama yomwe yasowa ku Brazil, pomwe palibe kukayika kuti munthu womaliza kubereka adamwalira kapena wasowa ku dera la dzikolo kapena dzikolo.
• Nyama zopanda (EX): mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe palibe kukayika kuti munthu womaliza wamtunduwu wamwalira.

Tsopano popeza mukudziwa fayilo ya Kusiyana kwamagulu azinyama zomwe zatha, tiyambitsa mndandanda wathu wazinyama zomwe zatha ku Brazil kutengera kafukufuku yemwe ICMBIO, nthambi yaboma yachilengedwe yomwe ili mbali ya Unduna wa Zachilengedwe, komanso pa IUCN Red List.

1. Mbewa ya Candango

Mtundu uwu unapezedwa pomanga Brasília. Panthawiyo, makope asanu ndi atatu adapezeka ndipo adakopa chidwi cha iwo omwe adagwira ntchito yomanga likulu likulu la Brazil. Makoswewo anali ndi ubweya wofiirira wonyezimira, mikwingwirima yakuda ndi mchira wosiyana kwambiri ndi makoswe omwe aliyense amadziwa: kuphatikiza pokhala wokulirapo komanso wamfupi, anali wokutidwa ndi ubweya. Inu amuna akulu anali 14 masentimita, mchira wake utali wa masentimita 9.6.

Anthuwo adatumizidwa kuti akawunikidwe, motero, zidapezeka kuti anali mtundu watsopano komanso mtundu watsopano. Chifukwa kulemekeza Purezidenti wa nthawiyo a Juscelino Kubitschek, Woyang'anira ntchito yomanga likulu, mbewa idalandira dzina lasayansi la Juscelinomys candango, koma ambiri adadziwika kuti rat-of-the-president kapena rat-candango - ogwira ntchito omwe adathandizira pomanga Brasília amatchedwa candangos.

Mitunduyi idangowoneka koyambirira kwa ma 1960 ndipo, patadutsa zaka zambiri, imadziwika kuti ndi nyama zatha ku Brazil komanso padziko lonse lapansi ndi International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Amakhulupirira kuti kulandidwa kwa Central Plateau kudapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke.

2. Shaki ya mano

Shark wamano a singano (Carcharhinus isodoni) amagawidwa kuchokera pagombe la United States kupita ku Uruguay, koma amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa nyama zatha ku Brazil, kuyambira pomwe chiwonetsero chomaliza chidawonedwa zaka zoposa 40 zapitazo ndipo mwina chidasowanso ku South Atlantic yense.Amakhala m'masukulu akulu ndipo amakhala wololera.

Ku United States, komwe angapezeke, a kusodza kosasamala imapanga mazana a anthu omwe amafa chaka chilichonse. Padziko lonse lapansi ndi mtundu womwe amadziwika kuti watsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa ndi IUCN.

3. Chule wa Mtengo wa Pine

Chule wamtengo wobiriwira wa fimbria (Phrynomedusa fimbriata) kapena Chule Wamtengo wa Andrew, anapezeka ku Alto da Serra de Paranapiacava, ku Santo André, São Paulo mu 1896 ndipo anafotokozedwa mu 1923. Koma kunalibenso malipoti onena za zamoyozi ndi zifukwa zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwa zinyama zomwe zinatha ku Brazil sizikudziwika .

4. Nosemouse

Khoswe wa noronha (Noronhomys vespuccii) amawerengedwa kuti atha kwanthawi yayitali, kuyambira zaka za zana la 16, koma adangowikidwa m'ndandanda wazinyama zomwe zatha ku Brazil posachedwa. Zinthu zakale zinapezeka kuyambira nthawi ya a Holocene, kuwonetsa kuti inali khoswe wapadziko lapansi, wodya kwambiri komanso wamkulu kwambiri, imalemera pakati pa 200 ndi 250g ndikukhala pachilumba cha Fernando de Noronha.

Malinga ndi Red Book of the Chico Mendes Institute, khoswe wa noronha mwina atasowa pambuyo pa kuyambitsa mitundu ina yamakoswe pachilumbachi, chomwe chidabweretsa mpikisano komanso kudya, komanso kusaka chakudya, chifukwa chinali khoswe wamkulu.

5. Kufuula Kumpoto chakumadzulo

Mbalame yakumpoto chakum'mawa chakum'mawa kapena mbalame yakumpoto chakum'mawa (Cichlocolaptes mazarbarnetti) amapezeka mu Pernambuco ndi Alagoas, koma zolemba zake zomaliza zidachitika mu 2005 ndi 2007 ndichifukwa chake pakadali pano ndi imodzi mwazinyama zomwe zatha ku Brazil malinga ndi ICMBio Red Book.

Anali ndi masentimita pafupifupi 20 ndipo amakhala yekha kapena awiriawiri ndi chifukwa chachikulu chakutha kwake kunali kutayika kwa malo ake, popeza mtundu uwu umakhala wovuta kwambiri pakusintha kwachilengedwe ndipo umadalira ma bromeliads okha kuti apeze chakudya.

6. Eskimo Curlew

Eskimo Curlew (Numenius borealis) ndi mbalame yomwe kale inkadziwika kuti ndi nyama yatha padziko lonse lapansi, koma pamndandanda womaliza wa Instituto Chico Mendes, adasankhidwanso nyama zomwe zatha, popeza, pokhala mbalame yosamuka, ndizotheka kuti imapezeka kudziko lina.

Poyamba adakhala ku Canada ndi Alaska ndipo adasamukira kumayiko monga Argentina, Uruguay, Chile ndi Paraguay, kuwonjezera pa Brazil. Adalembetsedwa kale ku Amazonas, São Paulo ndi Mato Grosso, koma nthawi yomaliza kuwonekera mdzikolo zaka zoposa 150 zapitazo.

Kufunafuna ndi kutha kwa malo awo akuwonetsedwa ngati zomwe zimawonongeratu. Pakadali pano amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu womwe uli pachiwopsezo chachikulu kutha kwa dziko lonse malinga ndi IUCN. Pachithunzipa pansipa, mutha kuwona mbiri ya mbalameyi yomwe idapangidwa mu 1962 ku Texas, United States.

7. Kadzidzi wa Cabure-de-Pernambuco

Caburé-de-pernambuco (Glaucidium Mooreorum), wa banja la Strigidae, akadzidzi, anapezeka pagombe la Pernambuco ndipo mwina ku Alagoas ndi Rio Grande do Norte. Awiri adasonkhanitsidwa mu 1980 ndipo panali kujambula mawu mu 1990. Akuti mbalameyi inali nayo usiku, usana ndi madzulo, Wodyetsedwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndipo amatha kukhala awiriawiri kapena kukhala okha. Amakhulupirira kuti kuwonongeka kwa malo ake kwapangitsa kuti nyama iyi iwonongeke ku Brazil.

8.Kachetechete Macaw

Khonje laling'ono la macaw (Anodorhynchus khungu) amapezeka ku Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina ndi Brazil. Popanda zolemba zaboma kuzungulira pano, panali malipoti okha akupezeka mdziko lathu. Amakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwake sikunakhale kofunika kwambiri ndipo kwakhala mitundu yosowa mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 19.

Palibe zolembedwa za anthu amoyo kuyambira 1912, pomwe chithunzi chomaliza ku London Zoo chikadafa. Malinga ndi ICMBio, chomwe chidapangitsa kuti ikhale ina mwa nyama zomwe zatha ku Brazil mwina ndikukula kwaulimi komanso zovuta zomwe zidachitika chifukwa cha Nkhondo ya Paraguay, zomwe zinawononga malo amene iye ankakhala. Miliri ndi kufooka kwa majini zimawonetsedwanso ngati zifukwa zothekera zakusowa kwawo m'chilengedwe.

9. Chotsuka Chakum'maŵa Chakum'mawa

Chotsuka Chakum'mawa chakum'mawa (Philydor novaesi) inali mbalame yokhazikika ku Brazil yomwe imapezeka m'malo atatu okha a Pernambuco ndi Alagoas. Mbalameyi idawonedwa komaliza mu 2007 ndipo imakonda kukhala kumtunda ndi kwapakatikati m'nkhalango, idadyetsa nyamakazi ndipo anthu ake adavulala kwambiri chifukwa chakukula kwa ulimi ndi kuweta ng'ombe. Chifukwa chake, imalingaliridwa kuchokera pagulu la nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kufa m'dziko.

10. Chifuwa Chofiira Chachikulu

Chifuwa chachikulu chofiira (sturnella defilippii) ndi imodzi mwazinyama zomwe zatha ku Brazil zomwe zikuchitikabe m'maiko ena monga Argentina ndi Uruguay. Nthawi yomaliza yomwe adawonekera ku Rio Grande do Sul anali kwa zaka zoposa 100, malinga ndi ICMBio.

mbalameyi amadyetsa tizilombo ndi njere ndipo amakhala m'malo ozizira. Malinga ndi IUCN, ikuwopsezedwa kuti ikutha ngati ili pachiwopsezo.

11. Megadyte ducalis

O Megadyte ya Ducal Ndi mtundu wa kachilomboka kamadzi ochokera kubanja la Dytiscidae ndipo amadziwika ndi munthu m'modzi yemwe amapezeka m'zaka za zana la 19 ku Brazil, malowa sadziwika kwenikweni. Ili ndi masentimita 4.75 ndipo ikadakhala mitundu yayikulu kwambiri m'banjamo.

12. Minhocuçu

Mphungu (rhinodrilus fafner) amadziwika kokha kwa munthu yemwe adapezeka mu 1912 mumzinda wa Sabará, pafupi ndi Belo Horizonte. Komabe, fanizoli lidatumizidwa ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Senckenberg ku Frankfurt, Germany, komwe amasungidwabe zidutswa zingapo m'malo ovuta kusungidwa.

Nyongolotsi iyi imalingaliridwa imodzi mwa mbozi zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zapezekapo padziko lapansi.

13. Chimphona Vampire Mleme

Chiphona chachikulu cha vampire (Desmodus draculae) amakhala madera otentha ochokera ku Central ndi South America. Ku Brazil, chigaza cha mtundu uwu chinapezeka kuphanga la Alto Ribeira Touristic State Park (PETAR), ku São Paulo, mu 1991.^[1]

Sizikudziwika chomwe chidapangitsa kuti chiwonongeke, koma akuti zikhalidwe zake zinali zofanana ndi zamoyo zokhazokha za mtunduwo, vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus), womwe umakhala woyaka magazi, chifukwa chake umadya magazi a nyama zamoyo, ndipo uli ndi mapiko otha kufikira 40 masentimita. Kuchokera pazolembedwa zomwe zapezeka kale, chinyama chotayika ichi chinali 30% yokulirapo kuposa abale ake.

14. Buluzi nsombazi

Imadziwika kuti ndi nyama yatha ku Brazil, lizard shark (Schroederichthys biviusNdi mbalame zazing'ono kwambiri zomwe zimapezeka pagombe lakumwera kwa Rio Grande do Sul. Nthawi zambiri zimakonda kukhala m'madzi mpaka mita 130 ndipo ndi nyama yomwe mphatso mawonekedwe azakugonana mbali zosiyanasiyana, ndi amuna omwe amafika mpaka 80cm m'litali pomwe akazi, nawonso, amafikira 70cm.

Nthawi yotsiriza nyamayi oviparous idawoneka ku Brazil inali mu 1988. Choyipa chachikulu chakutha kwake ndikuwononga, chifukwa kunalibe chidwi chilichonse chamalonda ndi nyama iyi.

Ziwopsezo za nyama ku Brazil

Kulankhula zakutha kwa nyama ndikofunikira ngakhale kuti ziukitsidwe mfundo zaboma kuteteza mitundu. Ndipo izi, momwe ziyenera kukhalira, ndimutu wobwerezabwereza kuno ku PeritoAnimal.

Dziko la Brazil, lomwe lili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, limanenedwa kuti ndi kwawo kwa zinthu zapakati pake 10 ndi 15% ya nyama padziko lonse lapansi ndipo mwatsoka mazana a iwo ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha makamaka chifukwa cha zochita za anthu. Pansipa tikuwonetsa nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha ku Brazil:

• Dolphin ya pinki (Inia geoffrensis)
• Nkhandwe ya Guara (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
• Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis)
• Chilombosatana chiropots)
• Woponda Wooder (Celeus flavus subflavus)
• Khungu lachikopa (Dermochelys coriacea)
• Golden Lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia)
• Nyamazi (panthera onca)
• Galu wa viniga (Speothos venaticus)
• Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis)
• Mlomo weniweni (Sporophila maximilian)
• Tapir (Tapirus terrestris)
• Chimphona Armadillo (Maximus Priodonts)
• Nyama Yamphongo Yaikulu (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus)

Aliyense atha kugwira ntchito yoteteza chilengedwe, kaya posunga ndalama ndi magetsi kunyumba, osataya zinyalala m'mitsinje, nyanja ndi nkhalango kapena kukhala mgulu la mabungwe ndi mabungwe omwe si aboma poteteza zinyama ndi / kapena chilengedwe.

Ndipo popeza mukudziwa kale zina mwazinyama zomwe zatha ku Brazil, musaphonye zolemba zathu zina momwe timakambirananso za nyama zomwe zatha padziko lapansi:

• Zinyama 15 zikuwopseza kuti zitha ku Brazil
• Zinyama zowopsa ku Pantanal
• Zinyama zomwe zili pachiwopsezo ku Amazon - Zithunzi ndi zanzeru
• Nyama 10 zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha padziko lapansi
• Zowopsa za mbalame: mitundu, mawonekedwe ndi zithunzi

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Zinyama zosowa ku Brazil, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe gawo lathu la Nyama Zotayika.

Zolemba

• UNICAMP. Chupacabra Bat waku Peru? Ayi, vampire wamkuluyo ndi wathu! Ipezeka pa: https://www.blogs.unicamp.br/caapora/2012/03/20/morcego-chupacabra-peruano-nao-o-vampiro-gigante-e-nosso/>. Idapezeka pa June 18, 2021.