Zosefera nyama: mawonekedwe ndi zitsanzo

Zamkati

• Kodi nyama zosefera ndi ziti?
• Kodi opondereza amadya chiyani?
• Mitundu ya nyama zosefa
• Zitsanzo za zinyama zomwe zimadyetsa fyuluta
• Zitsanzo za mbalame zosefa
• Zitsanzo za nsomba zosefera
• Zitsanzo zosefa zopanda mafupa

Zamoyo zonse zimafunikira mphamvu kuti zichite bwino, ndipo zimapezeka pazakudya zomwe zimawononga. Kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kwa mitundu ya nyama yomwe ilipo kuli ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, pakati pake ndi momwe amadyetsera, kotero kuti gulu lirilonse lipeze ndikukonza chakudya mwanjira inayake. Fomuyi imalumikizidwa ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi matupi awo, komanso zokhudzana ndi malo omwe amakuliramo.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake m'nkhaniyi ya PeritoZinyama tikambirana sefa nyama: mawonekedwe ndi chitsanzo. Mudzawona kuti nyama izi zimasiyanitsa chakudya chawo ndi madzi chifukwa chazinthu zapaderazi. Kuwerenga bwino!

Kodi nyama zosefera ndi ziti?

Zosefera nyama zimalandira dzina ili chifukwa cha njira yawo yapadera yodyetsera. Kudyetsa zosefera kumachitika nthawi zambiri m'madzi ndipo kumakhala chakudya (chomwe chingakhale chomera kapena nyama) kenako taya madzi kuti mutha kumangodya nyamayo.

Kodi opondereza amadya chiyani?

Zakudya zamafyuluta zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zachindunji, ndipo mwina zimapangidwa ndi:

• Plankton.
• Nyama zina.
• Zomera.
• Algae.
• Mabakiteriya.
• Zinthu zakuthupi zimatsalira.

Mitundu ya nyama zosefa

Zosefera nyama zimatha kudyetsa m'njira zingapo:

• nyama yogwira: Odyetsa zosefera amakhalabe otanganidwa m'madzi, kufunafuna chakudya.
• nyama zanyama: Titha kupezanso mitundu ya sessile yomwe imadalira mafunde amadzi omwe amadutsa mthupi lawo kuti alandire chakudya chawo.
• Nyama zomwe zimayamwa madzi: nthawi zina, pomwe mafunde samayendetsa njirayi, nyama zimayamwa madzi ndi chakudya, kuti nyama zisungidwe.

Mitunduyi imapezeka m'magulu angapo, kuyambira mbalame ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana nyama zam'madzi zopanda nyama. Amachita gawo lofunikira m'magulu azachilengedwe a trophic. Kuphatikiza apo, atha kutenga gawo lofunikira kuyeretsa madzi ndi kuyeretsa, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi oyster. Tiyeni tidziwe bwino za zitsanzo za nyama zosefera pansipa.

Zitsanzo za zinyama zomwe zimadyetsa fyuluta

Mkati mwa zinyama zosefa, timapeza zinsinsi, zomwe ndi anamgumi fin, gulu lomwe tidapeza nyama yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nyama izi zilibe mano ndipo m'malo mwake zimakhala nazo masamba osinthika zopangidwa ndi keratin, zomwe zimatchedwanso zipsepse ndipo zili nsagwada yakumtunda. Choncho, posambira, namgumi amasunga pakamwa pake kuti madzi alowemo. Kenako, mothandizidwa ndi lilime, imatulutsa madzi, ndipo mitu ya kukula kokwanira imasungidwa mu barb ndikumwa.

Gulu ili lanyama limadya nsomba, krill kapena zooplankton, popeza ndi nyama zodya nyama, koma kaya ndi chakudya chiti, chiyenera kukhalapo chochuluka kuti iwo akhale ndi chidwi chochigwira. Anangumi amatha kudyetsa mosiyanasiyana, pansi panyanja komanso pamtunda.

Zitsanzo zina za zinyama zodyetsa fyuluta ndi izi:

• Whale Kumwera Kumanja (Eubalaena Australis).
• Whale Blue (Balaenoptera musculus).
• nsomba yofiira (Eschrichtius robustus).
• pygmy nsomba yamanja (Caperea marginata).
• Whale ndimamudziwa (Balaenoptera borealis).

Zitsanzo za mbalame zosefa

Pakati pa mbalame, timapezanso zina zomwe zimadyetsa kusefa. Makamaka, ndianthu omwe amakhala nthawi zambiri m'madzi, ndipo ena amatha kusambira bwino. Atha kukhala:

• Nkhuku zosefa zokhazokha: monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ma flamingo.
• Mbalame zokhala ndi chakudya chosakanikirana: ena atha kuphatikiza njira zodyerazi ndi njira zina zosinthira, monga abakha, omwe ali ndi zosefera, komanso amakhala ndi "mano" ang'onoang'ono mkati mwa milomo yawo, momwe amatha kugwira nyama.

Mwa zakudya zomwe mbalamezi zimasefa, titha kupeza shrimp, molluscs, mphutsi, nsomba, algae ndi protozoa. Nthawi zina, amatha kumeza matope ochepa kudya mabakiteriya ena omwe amapezeka m'thope lino.

Zitsanzo za nsomba zosefera

Mu gulu la nsomba mulinso mitundu ingapo yomwe imadyetsa zosefera, ndipo chakudya chawo chimakhala ndi plankton, crustaceans zazing'ono, nsomba zina zazing'ono ndipo, nthawi zina, ndere. Pakati pa nsomba zosefera, timapeza, mwachitsanzo:

• Whale shark (rhincodon typus).
• njovu shark (cetorhinus maximus).
• Greatmouth shark (Megachasma pelagios).
• alireza (Brevoortia tyrannus).

Nthawi zambiri, nyamazi zimalola madzi kulowa mkamwa ndikupita kumiyendo, komwe kuli zomata omwe amasunga chakudya. Madzi atathamangitsidwa, amayamba kudya chakudyacho.

Zitsanzo zosefa zopanda mafupa

Pakati pa nyama zopanda mafupa, timapeza mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yanyama zodyetsa zosefera, komanso monga momwe zimadyetsera nyama zosefa, ali m'madzi okhaokha. Tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zosefera zopanda mafupa:

• bivalve molluscs: mkati mwa gululi tikupeza ma oyster, mammels ndi scallops. Pankhani ya oyster, amayamwa madzi ndi kuyenda kwa eyelashes, ndipo chakudyacho chimatsekedwa mu chinthu chochepa chomwe ali nacho mumitsinje yawo. Oyster amayesa zonyansa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafikira kumadzi, kuzikonza m'njira yoti zisakhale zowopsa. Mussels, nawonso, amadya phytoplankton ndi zinthu zoyimitsidwa, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito cilia kupangitsa madzi am'madzi kuyenda m'matupi awo.
• masiponji: porifers imasefa zopanda mafupa omwe ali ndi dongosolo la thupi lomwe limasinthidwa bwino pantchitoyi, ndi zipinda zingapo zokhala ndi flagella zomwe zimasunga ma organic, mabakiteriya, protozoa ndi plankton ambiri, kuti azidyetsa. Gulu ili limathanso kusunga zonyansa zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi.
• Anthu a ku Crustaceans: Mamembala awiri a gululi omwe amaimira odyetsa zosefera bwino ndi krill ndi mysids, onse ochokera kumadzi. Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, imagwira bwino ntchito pochita kusefa ndi kutolera tinthu tina tomwe timayimitsidwa. Kujambulaku kumachitika kudzera munyumba zotchedwa "madengu azakudya", pomwe chakudya chimasungidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pambuyo pake.

Zosefera nyama zili ndi gawo lofunikira lachilengedwe mkatikati mwa zamoyo zam'madzi, monga konzaninso madzi kudzera mukusefera kwake, motero kuchuluka kwa ma tinthu kumayimitsidwa pakhola ili. Mwanjira iyi, kupezeka kwanu kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri m'malo awa. Kuphatikiza apo, monga tidanenera, ali ndi gawo lofunikira pagulu lazakudya zam'madzi, chifukwa ndi amodzi mwa magawo oyamba a mawebusayiti awa.

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Zosefera nyama: mawonekedwe ndi zitsanzo, Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe gawo lathu la Zakudya Zoyenera.