Nyama zomwe zimadutsika

Zamkati

• Kodi kusinthasintha ndi chiyani?
• Mitundu ya metamorphosis
• tizilombo metamorphosis
• Kusintha kwa Amphibian
• Magawo a kusintha kosavuta
• Magawo a kusintha kwathunthu kwa tizilombo
• Magawo amasinthidwe am'madzi amphibiya
• Ndi nyama ziti zomwe zimasintha?

THE kusintha, m'zinyama, zimakhala ndi kusintha komwe nyama zina zimakumana nako kudzera momwe zimadutsira kuchokera munjira ina kupita zinzake, motsatizana, kuyambira pakubadwa mpaka kukula. ndi gawo lanu chitukuko chachilengedwe ndipo zimakhudza osati thupi lanu lokha, komanso machitidwe anu ndi moyo wanu.

Munkhaniyi ndi PeritoAnimal, tifotokozera zomwe nyama zomwe zimasinthidwa pakukula kwawo, komanso kufotokozera momwe magawo amasinthidwe aliri kapena mitundu yanji ya kusintha kwa zinthu komwe kulipo. Werengani ndi kupeza zonse za njirayi!

Kodi kusinthasintha ndi chiyani?

Kuti mumvetse bwino tanthauzo lake "kusintha’, tiyenera kudziwa yanu etymology. Mawuwa amachokera ku Chi Greek ndipo amapangidwa ndi mawu awa: cholinga (kuphatikiza apo), alireza (chithunzi kapena mawonekedwe) ndi -osis (kusintha kwa boma), chifukwa chake, kungakhale kusintha kuchokera pachinthu china kupita china.

Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwa thupi nyama ndizosintha mwadzidzidzi komanso kosasinthika physiology, morphology ndi machitidwe. Ndi nthawi m'moyo wa nyama yomwe imafanana ndi njira yochokera pachimfine kupita pachinyamata kapena wamkulu. Zimakhudza tizilombo, nsomba zina ndi zina zamoyo, koma osati zinyama.

Gawo ili la chitukuko limadziwika ndikubadwa kwa mphutsi yoyenda yokha, yosakhoza kuberekana mpaka itafika msinkhu waunyamata kapena wachikulire, wotchedwa "imago"kapena"gawo lomaliza"Kuphatikiza apo, zochitika za kusintha kwa thupi sizongopeka chabe, komanso zimakhudza kusintha kwakukulu kwa nyama, monga:

• Kusintha kwa thupi
• Kusintha kwanyama
• Kusintha malo atsopano

Mitundu ya metamorphosis

Tsopano popeza mukudziwa kusinthidwa kwa zinthu, tifotokoza mitundu yomwe ilipo. Komabe, muyenera kudziwa kuti, ngakhale tizilombo timasinthasintha pama cell, ma amphibiya zimakhudza kusintha kwa matupi a nyama, ndiye izi njira zosiyanasiyana. Fufuzani pansipa kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matendawa komanso momwe zimasiyanirana ndi amphibian metamorphosis:

tizilombo metamorphosis

timawona mu tizilombo mitundu iwiri ya kusintha kwa thupi, mosiyana ndi amphibians, omwe amakumana ndi m'modzi yekha. Kenako, tifotokoza zomwe zimapangidwa:

1. hemimetabolism: amadziwikanso kuti kusintha kosavuta, kosavuta, kapena kosakwanira. Mumtundu wamtunduwu, munthuyo samakumana ndi "pupa" gawo, ndiye kuti, alibe nthawi yongokhala. Amadyetsa mosalekeza, motero amawonjezera kukula kwake, kufikira atakula. Mwa mtundu wamtundu uliwonse, mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse wamoyo amakhala ndi kusintha kwake kutengera chilengedwe. Ena zitsanzo Nyama zomwe zimavutika ndi hemimetabolism ndi nkhanu ndi nsikidzi.
2. Holometabolism: Imadziwikanso kuti kusinthika kwathunthu kapena kovuta. Potere timayang'ana magawo angapo osiyanasiyana ndipo zonse zimathera pagulu la ana (omwe amatha milungu ingapo ngakhale zaka, kutengera mtunduwo) mpaka kubadwa kwa imago. Tikuwona kusintha kwakukulu pamunthu wamunthuyo. Zitsanzo zina za nyama zomwe zimalandira holometabolism ndi gulugufe, ntchentche, udzudzu, njuchi kapena kachilomboka.
3. ametabolism: amatchedwanso "ametabolia", amatanthawuza tizilombo ndi arthropods zomwe, zikafika pachimake cha nymph, zimafanana ndi mawonekedwe achikulire. Komabe, sichimasintha kusintha, ndi chitukuko chachindunji. Ena zitsanzo ndi nsabwe ndi nthata.

Mu tizilombo, kusintha kwa thupi kumayang'aniridwa ndi "ecdysone", hormone ya steroid yomwe ilibe mahomoni aunyamata ndipo imathandiza kwambiri pakusunga minyewa yamthupi la nyama. Komabe, pali fayilo ya vuto lokula: Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mahomoni achinyamata awa, m'njira yomwe imatha kupewetsa kusintha kwa munthuyo mwa kuwaletsa kwathunthu.

Kusintha kwa Amphibian

"Kusintha kwa amphibians ndi zotsatira za mahomoni a chithokomiro. (Gudernatsch, 1912) Zomwe zakhala zikuchitika zikuwonetsa kuti kumuika chithokomiro kapena chithandizo cha chithokomiro chimayambitsa kusintha kwa thupi."

Mu kusintha kwa amphibians, timawona ena amafanana ndi tizilombo, momwemonso amadutsa gawo la mphutsi (tadpole) ndi gawo la mwana (tadpole wokhala ndi miyendo) asanabadwe imago, yomwe ingakhale gawo la akulu. O Mwachitsanzo chofala kwambiri ndi chule.

Pambuyo pa gawo la "prometamorphosis", zala zakanyama zikawonekera, gawo lomwe limalumikizana lotchedwa kanjedza limazilumikiza kuti zipange phala losambira. Kenako hormone yotchedwa "pituitary" imadutsa m'magazi kupita ku chithokomiro. Nthawi imeneyo, imathandizira kupanga mahomoni T4, omwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwathunthu.

Chotsatira, tiwonetsa momwe magawo amasinthidwe amapangidwira malingana ndi mitundu iliyonse.

Magawo a kusintha kosavuta

Kuti mumvetsetse kusintha kosavuta kapena kosakwanira, tikuwonetsani chitsanzo cha dzombe losintha. Amabadwa ndi dzira lachonde ndipo amayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, osadutsa gawo la chrysalis. Pazigawo zoyambirira ilibe mapiko, chifukwa idzawoneka pambuyo pake ikamatuluka. Komanso, siinakhwime mpaka itafika msinkhu wachikulire.

Magawo a kusintha kwathunthu kwa tizilombo

Kuti tifotokozere kusintha kwathunthu kapena kovuta, timasankha gulugufe kusintha. Zimayamba, monga kale, kuchokera dzira lachonde, lomwe limaswa mu mbozi. Munthuyu amadyetsa ndikukula mpaka mahomoni atayamba kusintha gawo. Mboziyo imayamba kudzikulunga ndi ulusi womwe imatulutsa, mpaka itapanga chrysalis yomwe imaphimbiratu.

Munthawi yovutayi, mbozi imayamba kuyambiranso ziwalo zake zachinyamata ndikusintha thupi lake, mpaka itakula miyendo ndi mapiko. Itha kukhala masiku kapena milungu. Pomaliza, chibayo chidzatseguka, ndikupereka njenjete wamkulu.

Magawo amasinthidwe am'madzi amphibiya

Kuti tifotokozere magawidwe amadzimadzi mu amphibians, tidasankha achule metamorphosis. Mazira achule amatumizidwa m'madzi pomwe azunguliridwa ndi gulu la gelatinous lomwe limawateteza. Zidzakula mpaka mphutsi zitakhazikika kenako tadpole amabadwa, womwe uli ndi mutu ndi mchira. Pamene mphere imadyetsa ndikusintha, imayamba kukhala ndi miyendo ndipo, popita nthawi, mawonekedwe a chule wamkulu. Pomaliza, ikasiya mchira wake, imadzayesedwa wamkulu ndi chule wokhwima pogonana.

Ndi nyama ziti zomwe zimasintha?

Pomaliza, tikuwonetsa mndandanda wamagulu azanyama zochokera ku nyama zomwe zimasinthidwa pakukula kwake:

• achisangalalo
• Anurans
• Aposi
• Ma Urodels
• nyamakazi
• Tizilombo
• Anthu a ku Crustaceans
• echinoderm
• Molluscs (kupatula cephalopods)
• agnathes
• Nsomba za salmoniform
• Nsomba za Anguilliformes
• Nsomba za Pleuronectiform

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Nyama zomwe zimadutsika, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.