Zamkati
- Kodi Nyama Zamatondo ndi Chiyani?
- Makhalidwe a nyama zopanda ungwiro
- Lembani ndi zitsanzo za nyama zosakhazikika
- Malangizo
- Zojambulajambula
- Nyama Zotsogola Zokhotakhota
- Zowopsa za nyama zopanda ungwiro
M'zaka zaposachedwa, tanthauzo la "ungrate" lakhala likutsutsana ndi akatswiri. Chowonjezera kuphatikiza kapena ayi magulu ena azinyama omwe, mwachiwonekere, alibe chochita, kapena kukayikira komwe kholo limakhala, zakhala zifukwa ziwiri zokambirana.
Mawu oti "ungulate" amachokera ku Chilatini "ungula", kutanthauza "msomali". Amatchedwanso unguligrade, popeza ndi nyama zamiyendo inayi zomwe zimayenda pamisomali yawo. Ngakhale matanthauzowa, nthawi ina, ma cetacean adaphatikizidwa mgulu la osatulutsa, chowonadi chomwe sichikuwoneka ngati chanzeru, chifukwa nyama zakutchire ndizinyama zam'madzi zopanda miyendo. Chifukwa chake, m'nkhaniyi ya PeritoAnimal, tikufuna kufotokozera tanthauzo la nyama zosasunthika ndi mitundu iti yomwe ikuphatikizidwa mgululi. Kuwerenga bwino.
Kodi Nyama Zamatondo ndi Chiyani?
Nyama zokhala ndi ziboda ndizoyang'anira nyama zomwe kuyenda atatsamira pa zala zawo kapena ali ndi kholo lawo lomwe lidayenda motere, ngakhale mbadwa zawo pakadali pano zilibe.
M'mbuyomu, mawu oti ungrate anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nyama zomwe zinali ndi ziboda zomwe zalamulidwa Alireza(ngakhale zala) ndi Kuthupititsa(zala zosamvetseka) koma pakapita nthawi maulamuliro ena asanu awonjezedwa, ena a iwo alibe ngakhale zopondera. Zifukwa zomwe malamulowa adawonjezedwera anali a phylogenetic, koma ubalewu tsopano wasonyezedwa kuti ndiwongopeka. Chifukwa chake, mawu oti ungulate alibe tanthauzo la taxonomic ndipo tanthauzo lake lolondola ndi "Nyama zamphongo zokhala ndi ziboda”.
Makhalidwe a nyama zopanda ungwiro
Tanthauzo lenileni la "ungrate" likuyembekezera chimodzi mwazikhalidwe zazikulu za gululi: ndizo Nyama zokhala ndi ziboda. Ziboda sizimangokhala misomali yosinthidwa ndipo, motero, amapangidwa ndi unguis (mbale yolimba kwambiri yopindika) ndi subunguis (mnofu wofewa wamkati womwe umalumikiza unguis ndi chala). Osatulutsa samakhudza nthaka mwachindunji ndi zala zawo, koma ndi izi msomali wosinthidwa womwe umakulunga chala, ngati silinda. Zingwe zazala zili kuseli kwa ziboda ndipo zimakhudza pansi nyama monga mahatchi, ma tapir kapena zipembere, zonse zomwe ndi za perissodactyls. Ma artiodactyls amangogwirizira zala zapakati, zofananira zimachepa kwambiri kapena kulibe.
Maonekedwe a ziboda anali gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakusintha nyamazi. Ziboda zimagwirizira kulemera kwathunthu kwa nyama, mafupa a zala ndi dzanja lawo zili mbali ya mwendo. Mafupawa akhala ataliatali ngati mafupa amiyendo. Kusintha kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti gulu lanyama izi zipewe kudya. Masitepe anu adakulanso, kutha kuthamanga liwiro lapamwamba, kuzemba adani awo.
Chofunika china cha nyama zopanda ungwiro ndi zitsamba. Ambiri osatulutsidwa ndi nyama zodyedwa, kupatula nkhumba (nkhumba), zomwe ndi nyama zowopsa. Kuphatikiza apo, mkati mwa osatulutsa timapeza nyama zowala, ndimachitidwe ake am'mimba omwe amasinthidwa kuti azidya mbewu. Popeza zimadya nyama yodyeramo ziweto ndipo zimadyanso, ana osakhazikika, atabadwa, amatha kuyimirira ndipo nthawi yayitali azitha kuthawa adani awo.
Nyama zambiri zomwe zimapanga gulu losavomerezeka zimakhala nazo nyanga kapena mphalapala, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito podziteteza ndipo nthawi zina amatenga mbali yayikulu pakufunafuna wokondedwa ndi pachibwenzi, monga momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito pamiyambo yochitidwa ndi amuna posonyeza kupambana kwawo.
Lembani ndi zitsanzo za nyama zosakhazikika
Gulu la nyama zopanda ungwiro ndilokulirapo komanso losiyanasiyana, ngakhale titaphatikiza nyama zakale zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndizopanda ungwiro, monga acetaceans. Poterepa, tiyeni tiwone tanthauzo lenileni, Nyama zokhala ndi ziboda. Chifukwa chake, tidapeza magulu angapo:
Malangizo
- akavalo
- abulu
- Mbidzi
- matepi
- zipembere
Zojambulajambula
- ngamila
- abwana
- Nkhumba yakutchire
- nkhumba
- nkhumba
- mbewa za mbawala
- antelope
- akadyamsonga
- Nyumbu
- Okapi
- mbawala
Nyama Zotsogola Zokhotakhota
Popeza bwalolo limatanthauzidwa kuti ndilo gawo lalikulu la osatulutsa, maphunziro osinthika adangoyang'ana pakupeza kholo limodzi yemwe poyamba anali ndi khalidweli. Omasulira akalewa amatha kukhala ndi zakudya zopanda pake ndipo anali omnivorous kwambiri, zimadziwika kuti ena anali nyama zowononga.
Kafukufuku wazakale zakufa zomwe zidapezedwa komanso mawonekedwe atomiki adalumikiza ma oda asanu m'magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu omwe sanathenso kufa kwa kholo limodzi, dongosolo la Malamulo, kuchokera ku Paleocene (zaka 65 - 54.8 miliyoni zapitazo). Gulu la nyamazi linapangitsanso malamulo ena, monga ma cetaceans, pakadali pano sanafanane ndi kholo lomweli.
Zowopsa za nyama zopanda ungwiro
Malinga ndi mndandanda wofiira wa IUCN (International Organisation for the Conservation of Nature), pali mitundu yambiri yomwe ikuchepa, monga:
- Zipembere za Sumatran
- mbidzi wamba
- Tapir waku Brazil
- bulu wamtchire waku Africa
- mapiri tapir
- tapir
- Okapi
- nswala zamadzi
- Girafi
- Zamgululi
- Cobo
- oribi
- duiker wakuda
Choopseza chachikulu cha nyama izi ndi umunthu, yomwe ikuwononga anthu kudzera kuwonongeka kwa malo awo, kaya pakupanga mbewu, kudula mitengo kapena kupanga madera ogulitsa, osalamulirika komanso opha nyama, kugulitsa mitundu yosaloledwa, kubweretsa mitundu yowononga, ndi zina zambiri. M'malo mwake, munthu adasankha kuti mitundu ina ya osatulutsa ingakhale yosangalatsa kwa iye, monga nyama zowuluka kapena owerenga nyama. Nyama izi, popanda chilombo chachilengedwe, zimawonjezera kugawanika kwa zachilengedwe ndikupanga kusalinganizana pazachilengedwe.
Posachedwa, ziweto zina zomwe zimawopsezedwa zayamba kuwonjezeka, chifukwa cha ntchito yapadziko lonse lapansi yoteteza, kukakamizidwa ndi maboma osiyanasiyana ndikudziwitsa ena. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi zipembere zakuda, zipembere zoyera, zipembere zaku India, kavalo wa Przewalski, guanaco ndi mbawala.
Tsopano popeza mukudziwa zonse za nyama zopanda ungwiro, mutha kukhala ndi chidwi ndi nkhani ina yokhudza nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha ku Amazon.
Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Nyama Zokhotakhota - Tanthauzo, Makhalidwe ndi Zitsanzo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.