Mbalame zosamuka: mawonekedwe ndi zitsanzo

Zamkati

• Kodi kusamuka kwa nyama ndi chiyani?
• Makhalidwe akusamuka kwa nyama
• Zitsanzo za mbalame zosamuka
• Kumeza Chimbudzi
• winch wamba
• Whooper Swan
• flamingo wamba
• dokowe wakuda
• Mbalame zosamuka: zitsanzo zambiri
• Mbalame zosamuka ndi kusamuka kwakutali

Mbalame ndi gulu la nyama zomwe zinachokera ku zokwawa. Zinthu izi ndizofunikira kwambiri mthupi lomwe laphimbidwa ndi nthenga komanso kutha kuwuluka, koma mbalame zonse zimauluka? Yankho nlakuti ayi, mbalame zambiri, chifukwa chosowa nyama zolusa kapena chifukwa chokhazikitsa njira ina yodzitetezera, zatha kuuluka.

Chifukwa cha kuuluka, mbalame zimatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Komabe, mitundu ina imayamba kusamuka mapiko awo asanakule. Kodi mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za mbalame zosamuka? Munkhaniyi ndi PeritoAnimal, tikukuwuzani zonse za iwo!

Kodi kusamuka kwa nyama ndi chiyani?

ngati munayamba mwadzifunsapo Kodi mbalame zosamuka ndi ziti? choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa kusamuka ndi chiyani. Kusamuka kwa nyama ndi mtundu wa kuyenda kwa anthu ambiri zamtundu. Ndi gulu lolimba kwambiri komanso lolimbikira, lomwe nyama izi sizingathe kukana, malinga ndi ochita kafukufukuwo. Zikuwoneka kuti zikudalira mtundu wina wa zoletsa zosakhalitsa zakusowa kwa mitundu kuti zisunge gawo lake, ndipo ndizoyimira pakati pa wotchi yachilengedwe, Ndi kusintha kwa nthawi yopulumutsa masana ndi kutentha. Si mbalame zokha zomwe zimachita zosamukasamuka, komanso magulu ena a nyama, monga plankton, nyama zambiri, zokwawa, tizilombo, nsomba ndi ena.

Njira yakusamukayi yakhala ikusangalatsa ofufuza kwazaka zambiri. Kukongola kwa kayendedwe ka magulu azinyama, limodzi ndi feat gonjetsani zolepheretsa zakuthupi, monga zipululu kapena mapiri, zimapangitsa kusamuka kukhala mutu wamaphunziro ambiri, makamaka pokonzekera mbalame zazing'ono zosamuka.

Makhalidwe akusamuka kwa nyama

Kusuntha kosamuka sikutanthauza kusamukira kwina kopanda tanthauzo, amaphunziridwa mwakhama ndipo amatha kudziwika ndi nyama zomwe zimachita, monga zimachitikira mbalame zosamuka. Makhalidwe a kusamuka kwa nyama ndi awa:

• zikuphatikizapo kusamukira kwawo kwathunthu zanyama zamtundu umodzi. Kusunthaku ndikokulirapo kuposa kufalikira komwe kunachitika ndi achinyamata, mayendedwe a tsiku ndi tsiku kufunafuna chakudya kapena mayendedwe achitetezo a gawolo.
• Kusamuka kuli ndi njira, a cholinga. Nyama zimadziwa komwe zikupita.
• Mayankho ena enieni amaletsedwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale zitakhala zabwino komwe kuli ziwetozi, ikadzafika nthawi, kusamuka kumayamba.
• Makhalidwe achilengedwe amitundu amasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame zobwera nthawi zina zimauluka usiku kuti zipewe zolusa kapena, ngati zili zokhazokha, zimagwirizana kuti zisamuke. "kusakhazikikakusamuka"zitha kuwoneka. Mbalame zimayamba kumva mantha kwambiri komanso kusakhala bwino m'masiku angapo kusamuka kusanayambe.
• nyama zimachuluka mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a mafuta kupewa kudya panthawi yosamukira.

Dziwani zambiri za mawonekedwe a mbalame zodya nyama munkhani ya PeritoAnimal.

Zitsanzo za mbalame zosamuka

Mbalame zambiri zimayenda maulendo ataliatali. Kusintha uku nthawi zambiri oyambitsa kumpoto, komwe amakhala ndi malo awo okhala ndi zisa, chakummwera, komwe amakhala nthawi yachisanu. Zitsanzo zina za mbalame zosamuka ndi:

Kumeza Chimbudzi

THE kumeza chimbudzi (Hirundo wokonda ntchito)​ é mbalame yosamuka yomwe khalani m'malo osiyana siyana ndi masanjidwe akutali. Amakhala ku Europe ndi North America, nyengo yachisanu ku Sub-Saharan Africa, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Europe ndi kumwera kwa Asia ndi South America.^[1]. Ndi amodzi mwamatundu odziwika kwambiri, ndipo anthu ndi zisa zawo ali Kutetezedwa ndi lamulo m'maiko ambiri.

winch wamba

O winch wamba (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) amakhala makamaka mu Europe ndi Asia, ngakhale imapezekanso ku Africa ndi America nthawi zoswana kapena kudutsa. Kukhazikika kwa anthu sikudziwika ndipo ngakhale palibe zoopsa zilizonse zomwe akuti Kwa anthu, mtundu uwu umakhala pachiwopsezo cha avian flu, bird botulism, mafuta am'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso zoipitsa zamankhwala. Malinga ndi IUCN, udindo wake ndiwosafunikira kwenikweni.^[2].

Whooper Swan

O Whooper Swan (cygnus chotupa) ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zomwe zimawopsezedwa kwambiri chifukwa chosowa nkhalango, ngakhale kuti IUCN imawerengedwa kuti ndi mtundu wopanda nkhawa kwenikweni.^[3]. Alipo anthu osiyanasiyana omwe angasamuke kuchoka ku Iceland kupita ku UK, kuchokera ku Sweden ndi Denmark kupita ku Netherlands ndi Germany, kuchokera ku Kazakhstan kupita ku Afghanistan ndi Turkmenistan komanso kuchokera ku Korea kupita ku Japan.^[4], Mongolia ndi China^[5].

Munayamba mwadzifunsapo ngati bakha amauluka? Onani yankho la funso ili m'nkhaniyi ya PeritoAnimal.

flamingo wamba

Mwa mbalame zosamuka, a flamingo wamba (Phoenicopterus roseus) amachita mayendedwe osamukasamuka komanso osamuka pang'ono malinga ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya. Imayenda kuchokera ku West Africa kupita ku Mediterranean, kuphatikiza kumwera chakumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa Asia ndi kumwera kwa Sahara ku Africa. Nthawi zonse amapita kumadera ofunda m'nyengo yozizira, ndikuyika malo awo obereketsa mu Mediterranean ndi West Africa makamaka^[6].

Nyama zokondana izi zimasunthira m'malo akulu, wandiweyani mpaka Anthu 200,000. Kunja kwa nyengo yoswana, ziweto zimakhala pafupifupi anthu 100. Amawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yocheperako, ngakhale mwamwayi kuchuluka kwa anthu kukukulira, malinga ndi IUCN, chifukwa cha zoyesayesa zomwe zidachitika ku France ndi Spain kuthana ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka komanso kusowa kwa zisumbu zokhalira zinyama kuti zithandizire kubereketsa mitundu iyi.^[6]

dokowe wakuda

THE dokowe wakuda (ciconia nigra) ndi nyama yosuntha kwathunthu, komabe anthu ena amakhalanso pansi, mwachitsanzo ku Spain. Amayenda ndikupanga a kutsogolo kopapatiza Panjira zodziwika bwino, payekha kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, opitilira 30 anthu. Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu sikudziwika, chifukwa chake, malinga ndi IUCN, imadziwika kuti ndi osadandaula kwenikweni^[7].

Mbalame zosamuka: zitsanzo zambiri

Mukufunabe zambiri? Onani mndandandawu ndi zitsanzo zambiri za mbalame zosamuka kuti mudziwe zambiri:

• Goose Wamkulu Oyera-Oyera (anser albifrons)​;
• Khosi Lofiira Lofiira (Branta Ruficollis);
• Mallard (PAdart spatula)​;
• Bakha wakuda (nigra melanitta)​;
• Lobusitara (Stellate Gavia)​;
• Pelican wamba (Pelecanus onocrotalus);
• Nkhanu Egret (ralloides slate);
• Wachifumu Egret (wofiirira ardea);
• Kite Wakuda (milvus osamukira);
• Osprey (PApandion haliaetus);
• Marsh chotchinga (Masekondi aeruginosus);
• Zosaka zosaka (Circus pygargus);
• Partridge Yanyanja Yodziwika (pratincola gril);
• Imvi Plover (Pluvialis squatarola);
• Abibe Wonse (Vanellus Vanellus);
• Sandpiper (calidris alba);
• Mdima Wamapiko Wamdima (mphutsi fuscus);
• Tern Yofiyira (Hydropogne caspia);
• Kumeza (Delichon urbicum);
• Kuthamanga Kwakuda (apus apus);
• Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava);
• Buluu (Luscinia svecica);
• Red-kutsogolo Redhead (phoenicurus phoenicurus);
• Grey Wheatear (Kutentha Kwambiri)oenanthe oenanthe);
• Zoyenda (lanius senator);
• Bango Burr (Emberiza schoeniclus).

Komanso dziwani mitundu 6 yabwino kwambiri ya mbalame zoweta m'nkhaniyi ya PeritoAnimal.

Mbalame zosamuka ndi kusamuka kwakutali

Mbalame yosamuka yomwe imapanga kutalika kwakutali kwambiri padziko lapansi, kufikira kuposa Makilomita 70,000, ndi arctic tern (sterna yakumwamba). Nyama imeneyi imaswana m'madzi ozizira a North Pole, nthawi yachilimwe m'dera lino. Chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti, amayamba kusamukira ku South Pole ndikufika kumeneko mkati mwa Disembala. Mbalameyi imalemera pafupifupi magalamu 100 ndipo mapiko ake amakhala pakati pa masentimita 76 mpaka 85.

THE mdima wakuda (griseus puffinus) ndi mbalame ina yosamuka yomwe siyiyenera kulakalaka Arctic Swallow. Anthu amtundu uwu omwe njira zawo zosamukira kuchokera ku Zilumba za Aleutian ku Bering Sea kupita ku New Zealand nawonso amayenda mtunda wa Makilomita 64,000.

M'chithunzichi, tikuwonetsa njira zosamukira za ma Arctic tern asanu, obwerera ku Netherlands. Mizere yakuda imayimira kuyenda kumwera ndi mizere yakuda kumpoto^[8].

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Mbalame zosamuka: mawonekedwe ndi zitsanzo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.