Agalu ndi machitidwe awo

Zamkati

• 1. Kugulitsa kwa agalu
• 2. Chiyambi cha agalu
• dzina la sayansi la galu
• 3. Makhalidwe athupi
• 4. Khalidwe la agalu
• 5. Chakudya cha agalu
• 6. Mphamvu za agalu
• 7. Mitundu ya agalu
• 8. Kubereka agalu
• 9. Zidwi za agalu
• 10. Kutalika kwa moyo wa agalu

O galu woweta mwina ndi chiweto chotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Akuyerekeza kuti pali pakati 70 ndi 500 miliyoni za anthu padziko lapansi, chifukwa chake, pali anthu ambiri omwe akufuna kudziwa zambiri za nyama izi, kuyambira ndi mawonekedwe omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri.

Zilibe kanthu kuti mukuchita ntchito yasukulu yokhudza agalu kapena ngati mukungofuna kudziwa zonse za iwo. Munkhani iyi ya PeritoAnimal timakuthandizani kufotokoza agalu ndi machitidwe awo chofunikira kwambiri, monga taxonomy, morphology, kulumikizana kapena mitundu ya agalu yomwe ilipo.

1. Kugulitsa kwa agalu

Kuti mumvetsetse mawonekedwe a galu (kapena nyama ina iliyonse) ndikofunikira kudziwa zomwe muli. msonkhoNdiko kuti, kupatula kwake m'gulu la mayina osankhidwa mwapadera. Chifukwa chake, msonkho wa galu umaimiridwa motere:

• Malo: Eukarya
• Ufumu: Animalia
• Subreinus: Eumetazoa
• Subphylum: Vertebrate
• Ophunzira: Mamalia
• Kagulu: Theria
• Infraclass: Placentalia
• Dongosolo: Carnivore
• Sub-kuti: Caniformy
• Banja: Canidae
• Banja laling'ono: Caninae
• Mtundu: Kennels
• Mitundu: Canis lupus
• Subspecies: Canis lupus familiaris

2. Chiyambi cha agalu

Sizovuta kudziwa komwe agalu adachokera, komabe, akuti zoyambirira zidawoneka koyamba Zaka 15,000 pa kontinenti ya Asia, lero China, mogwirizana ndi chitukuko cha ulimi. Agalu oyambawa - omwe amawoneka ngati opatsa mwayi (omwe amadya nyama zakufa), anali opanda mantha komanso ochezeka, zomwe zidawathandiza kuti aziweta - zimayandikira anthu fufuzani zovunda, makamaka zakudya zokhathamira ndi mbewu. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa chothandizirana - kulumikizana pakati pa mitundu iwiri - agalu oyamba adawonekera^[1].

dzina la sayansi la galu

Dzina la sayansi la galu ndi Canis lupus familiaris, ofanana kwambiri ndi dzina la sayansi la nkhandwe, kennels lupus, ndi ma subspecies ake, monga Zowona lupus lupus, kennels lupus arabs kapena Canis lupus siginecha.

Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti galuyo adachokera kwa nkhandwe? Ngakhale amawoneka ngati iwo, kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi DNA yabanja Canidae chikuwonetsa kuti galu ndi nkhandwe ndi amtundu umodzi, koma ndizosiyana. Chifukwa chake zimawerengedwa kuti mimbulu ndi agalu atha kukhala ndi kholo limodzi, ngakhale palibe kafukufuku wotsimikizira izi^[2].

3. Makhalidwe athupi

galu ndi nyama zinayi (ndiye kuti, imayenda ndi miyendo inayi) yomwe imadziwika pokhala ndi mchira ndi ubweya wokuta thupi lake lonse. Komabe, masiku ano, chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya canine, timapeza agalu amitundu yonse. kukula, mawonekedwe ndi mitundu. Mwachitsanzo, potengera kukula kwake, galu wocheperako, chihuahua, amakhala pakati pa 15 ndi 25 cm kutalika mpaka kufota (pamwamba paphewa la galu), pomwe mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa agalu padziko lapansi, Great Dane, imakhala ndi kutalika kwa 80 cm mpaka kufota.

Morphology imasinthanso kwambiri pakati pamikhalidwe ya galu. Chifukwa chake tidapeza agalu ali ndi mphuno yayitali kwambiri ndi ena otseka pakamwa, otchedwa agalu a brachycephalic. Chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri pamtunduwu ndi mchira, womwe ungakhale wautali kapena waufupi, makamaka, pali mitundu ina yomwe imabadwa yopanda iyo. THE mchira Amakhala ndi mafupa angapo, ndipo amatha kukhala ndi tsitsi locheperako. Pa makutu, yokhala ndi minofu 18, imasinthasintha ndipo imalongosola. Sitingaleke kulankhula za chovala, yomwe imatha kukhala yamitundumitundu ndi mitundu, komanso yofewa, yolimba kapena iwiri.

Ndi nyama yosavomerezeka ndipo, ngati tingadzifunse za malo agalu, Tiyenera kudziwa kuti masiku ano ndizovuta kwambiri kufotokoza komwe agalu amakhala, chifukwa ambiri amakhala m'matawuni ndi m'midzi yakumidzi, akugwirana manja ndi amuna - kapena, apa, akuyenda limodzi. Komabe, kafukufuku waposachedwa apeza mtundu watsopano wamankhwala amtchire (kennels lupus hallstromi) chomwe chimaonedwa ngati cholumikizira chosowa pakati pa ma canid oyamba ndi agalu oweta mu Mapiri a New Guinea^[3].

4. Khalidwe la agalu

Sociobiology imawulula kuti agalu ali nyama zokonda kucheza, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amakhala m'magulu opangidwa ndi anthu ambiri. Komanso, lero, chifukwa cha kuweta ndi galu, tili ndi kampani yanyama yomwe ili makamaka ochezeka ndi mamembala amtundu wanu ndi mitundu ina, monga amphaka, anthu kapena akalulu.

O chikhalidwe za agalu zimatha kusintha kwambiri ndipo, mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, kubereka sikutanthauza mtundu wa galu.^[4]. Kuphatikiza pa mayanjano, momwe galu amakhalira amachita zimakhudzidwa ndi chibadwa ndi kuphunzira zoperekedwa ndi mwiniwake.

Komabe, ngati titakumba mozama zizolowezi za agalu, titha kuwona kuti ali ndi chilankhulo wathunthu kwambiri, wodziwika ngati "zizindikiro bata", komanso kuthekera kwa mawu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazikhalidwe za agalu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasamalira osamalira!

5. Chakudya cha agalu

Kodi agalu amadya chiyani? Anthu ambiri amakayikirabe ngati galuyo ndi wamphamvuyonse kapena wodya nyama, komabe, zina mwazomwe zimayambira pamtunduwo, monga zikhadabo, mano akuthwa kapena ma enzyme ena, ndizomwe zimachitika. nyama zosankha zokhazokhas.

Komabe, monga tinkayembekezera kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi, galuyo ndi wodya nyansi, zomwe zalola kuti ziweto zake ziziyenda. Malinga ndi malingaliro angapo, inali njira iyi yomwe idalola galu kugaya wowuma ndipo, chifukwa chake, zida zoyambira.^[1].

6. Mphamvu za agalu

Galu ali ndi mphamvu ziwiri zopangidwa bwino: kununkhiza ndi kumva. Tiyamba ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, kununkhiza, komwe ndikofunikira pakusaka, chikhalidwe ndi mchitidwe wogonana. Mosiyana ndi anthu, omwe ali ndi zolandila zokwana 5 miliyoni zokha, agalu amakhala pakati 200 ndi 300 miliyoni olfactory receptors. Chinthu china chofunikira ndikumva, komwe kuli kwakuthwa kuposa kwa anthu.

7. Mitundu ya agalu

Kupitilira ndi mawonekedwe agalu, tiyenera kudziwa kuti pakadali pano pali zoposa Mitundu 300 ya agalu, omwe amadziwika ndi ena kapena mabungwe ena azachinyengo, monga FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) kapena The Kennel Club, awiri ofunikira kwambiri. Palinso mitundu ina yodziwika ndi mabungwe ang'onoang'ono, maboma ndi maulamuliro.

Kuno ku PeritoZinyama mutha kupeza ngakhale nkhani yokhudza mitundu ya agalu - isanachitike kapena itatha, kapena ngakhale yokhudza mitundu ya agalu aku Brazil.

8. Kubereka agalu

Kodi mumadabwapo kuti agalu amaberekana motani? Pomwe amuna amagonana chaka chonse, agalu achikazi amakhala ndi pafupifupi nyengo ziwiri zachonde pachaka, chomwe chimadziwika kuti kutentha, pamene angathe kutenga mimba. Ngati kukondana kukuyenda bwino ku estrus, gawo lachonde, huleyo imakhala ndi bere lomwe lidzakhalitse pakati pa masiku 60 ndi 90.

Nthawi yapakati, hule lidzafufuza chisa (kapena tidzampatsa) komwe azikapanga kubereka ndipo, posachedwa, kubadwa kwa ana agalu. Chinyengocho chidzawadyetsa ndikuwasamalira kwa miyezi iwiri ikubwerayi, mpaka kusiya kuyamwitsa ana, pamene adzakwanitsa kudzisamalira okha.

9. Zidwi za agalu

Pali zochulukirapo zazambiri za agalu zomwe zimawonetsa chidwi chathu tonsefe. Kodi mumadziwa kuti Laika, astronaut wa canine, anali woyamba kukhala mlengalenga? Ndipo kuti agalu ali ndi zala pamphuno zawo? Kapena kuti Hachiko amadziwika kuti ndi galu wokhulupirika kwambiri padziko lapansi?

Onani kanema pansipa 10 zonena za agalu zomwe simungaphonye!

10. Kutalika kwa moyo wa agalu

Kuti timalize ndi mawonekedwe agalu, tikufuna kunena kuti moyo wa agalu ndi zosintha kwambiri ndipo chifukwa, mwa zina, chisamaliro chomwe galu amapatsidwa ndi womusamalira. Chifukwa chake, galu yemwe ali ndi moyo wabwino, womwe umaphatikizapo zakudya zabwino, masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku komanso chisamaliro chodzitchinjiriza, amakhala ndi moyo wautali.

Komabe, agalu ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa agalu akulu chifukwa cha kagayidwe kachakudya. Mwambiri, chiyembekezo cha moyo wa galu amakhala azaka zapakati pa 7 mpaka 20. Ndipo ngati mukufuna, munkhani iyi ya PeritoAnimal muphunzira kuwerengera msinkhu wa galu.