Zamkati
- Kusiyanitsa pakati pa unyolo ndi tsamba la chakudya
- unyolo chakudya m'madzi
- opanga oyamba
- ogula oyambirira
- Ogwiritsa ntchito Sekondale
- ogula maphunziro apamwamba
- Zitsanzo za chakudya cham'madzi
Pali nthambi yazachilengedwe, yotchedwa synecology, yomwe imafufuza maubwenzi omwe amapezeka pakati pa zachilengedwe ndi madera a anthu. Pakati pa synecology, timapeza gawo lomwe limayambitsa maphunziro a ubale pakati pa zamoyo, kuphatikiza maubale azakudya, zomwe zimafotokozedwa mwachidule mumaketani azakudya, monga chakudya cham'madzi.
Synecology imalongosola kuti unyolo wamagetsi ndi njira yomwe mphamvu ndi zinthu zimasunthira kuchokera pagawo limodzi kupita kwina, komanso kulingalira kutaya mphamvu, monga kupuma. Munkhani ya PeritoAnimal, tidzafotokozera zomwe a unyolo chakudya m'madzi, kuyambira ndikutanthauzira kwa unyolo wazakudya ndi tsamba la chakudya.
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa unyolo ndi tsamba la chakudya
Choyamba, kuti mumvetsetse zovuta zazingwe zam'madzi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kusiyana pakati pa unyolo wazakudya ndi mawebusayiti azakudya ndi zomwe zili ndi chilichonse.
Chimodzi unyolo wa chakudya imasonyeza momwe zinthu ndi mphamvu zimayendera m'chilengedwe kudzera m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana, mosiyanasiyana, mosiyanasiyana kuyambira nthawi zonse khalani autotrophic yomwe imapanga zinthu zazikulu ndi mphamvu, popeza imatha kusintha zinthu zopanda mphamvu kukhala zida zamagetsi zopanda mphamvu, monga kusintha kwa dzuwa kukhala ATP (adenosine triphosphate, gwero lazinthu zamoyo). Nkhani ndi mphamvu zopangidwa ndi ma autotrophic zitha kupita kwa ma heterotrophs kapena ogula ena onse, omwe angakhale ogula, sekondale komanso apamwamba.
Mbali inayi, a ukonde wazakudya kapena tsamba lazakudya ndi gulu la maunyolo omwe amalumikizidwa, akuwonetsa mayendedwe ovuta kwambiri amphamvu ndi zinthu. Maukonde a Trophic amavumbula zomwe zimachitikadi m'chilengedwe, chifukwa zimaimira maubwenzi angapo pakati pa zamoyo.
unyolo chakudya m'madzi
Kapangidwe ka unyolo wamasamba sikusiyana kwambiri pakati pa nthaka ndi madzi, kusiyana kwakukulu kumapezeka pamitundu yazachilengedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa zotsalira zazomera, zomwe zimakhala zazikulu m'zinthu zapadziko lapansi. Pansipa titchula zina zamoyo zam'madzi:
opanga oyamba
M'magawo azakudya zam'madzi, timapeza opanga oyamba algae, kaya ndi amtundu umodzi, monga a phyla Glaucophyta, alireza ndipo Chlorophyta, kapena ma multicellular, a superphylum heterokonta, omwe ndi ndere zomwe titha kuziwona ndi maso pagombe, ndi zina zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, titha kupeza mabakiteriya pamlingo uwu wa unyolo, cyanobacteria, yomwe imagwiritsanso ntchito photosynthesis.
ogula oyambirira
Omwe amagula chakudya cham'madzi nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama zodyetsa zomwe zimadya ndere zazing'ono kwambiri komanso mabakiteriya. Mulingo uwu nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi alirezatalischi ndi ena zamoyo zovulaza.
Ogwiritsa ntchito Sekondale
Ogwiritsa ntchito sekondale amaoneka ngati nyama zodya nyama, zomwe zimadya nyama zotsika kwambiri. Iwo akhoza kukhala nsomba, nyamakazi, mbalame zamadzi kapena zinyama.
ogula maphunziro apamwamba
Ogwiritsa ntchito masukulu apamwamba ndi omwe odya nyama kwambiri, nyama zodya nyama zina zomwe zimadya nyama, zomwe zimapanga ulalo wa ogula achiwiri.
Pa unyolo wa chakudya, titha kuwona kuti mivi ikuwonetsa mbali imodzi:
Zitsanzo za chakudya cham'madzi
pali zosiyana madigiri ovuta mu unyolo wa chakudya. Nazi zitsanzo:
- Chitsanzo choyamba cha unyolo wamadzi wokhala ndi mayitanidwe awiri. Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi phytoplankton ndi anamgumi. Phytoplankton ndiye amapanga kwambiri ndipo anamgumi ndiwo okhawo ogula.
- Anangumi omwewo amatha kupanga tcheni cha kuyitana katatu ngati amadya zooplankton m'malo mwa phytoplankton. Chifukwa chake chakudya chimatha kuwoneka motere: phytoplankton> zooplankton> whale. Malangizo a mivi akuwonetsa komwe mphamvu ndi zinthu zikuyenda.
- M'madzi ndi kumtunda, monga mtsinje, titha kupeza unyolo wa maulalo anayi: phytoplankton> molluscs wa mtunduwo Lymnaea, PA > barbels (nsomba, barbus barbus)> atsamba achikuda (Cinérea Ardea).
- Chitsanzo cha maulalo asanu pomwe titha kuwona supercarnivore ndi izi: Phytoplankton> krill> emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri> leopard chisindikizo (Hydrurga leptonyx)> orca (Orcinus orca).
M'chilengedwe, maubwenzi siophweka. Maunyolo azakudya amapangidwa kuti achepetse ubale wama trophic kotero kuti titha kumvetsetsa mosavuta, koma unyolo wazakudya kuyanjana wina ndi mnzake mkati mwa intaneti yovuta ya masamba. Chimodzi mwazitsanzo zapawebusayiti yam'madzi zitha kukhala zojambula zotsatirazi, pomwe titha kuwona momwe chakudya chimaphatikizidwira ndi mivi ingapo yomwe ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwakulumikizana kwa chakudya ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pazinthu:
Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi unyolo chakudya m'madzi, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.