Makhalidwe a tizilombo

Zamkati

• anatomy ya tizilombo
• mutu wa tizilombo
• chifuwa cha tizilombo
• Mimba ya tizilombo
• Kudya tizilombo
• Kubalana tizilombo
• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kukula
• Makhalidwe ena a tizilombo

Tizilombo ndi nyama zopanda mafinya zomwe zili mkati mwa arthropod phylum, ndiye kuti, khalani ndi zotuluka zakunja zimawapatsa chitetezo chachikulu osapereka mayendedwe awo, ndipo alinso ndi zowonjezera. Ndiwo gulu losiyanasiyana lazinyama padziko lapansi, omwe ali ndi mitundu yoposa miliyoni, pomwe zina zambiri zimapezeka chaka chilichonse.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndiosiyanasiyana ndipo asintha bwino pafupifupi pafupifupi chilengedwe chilichonse padziko lapansi. Tizilombo timasiyana ndi ma arthropod ena chifukwa amakhala ndi miyendo itatu ndi mapiko awiri, ngakhale mawonekedwe omalizawa amatha kusiyanasiyana. Kukula kwawo kumatha kuyambira 1 mm mpaka 20 cm, ndipo tizilombo tambiri tambiri timakhala m'malo otentha. Pitilizani kuwerenga nkhani iyi ya PeritoAnimal ndipo muphunzira zonse za dziko labwino komanso makhalidwe tizilombo, kuyambira tsatanetsatane wa mawonekedwe awo mpaka zomwe amadya.

anatomy ya tizilombo

Matupi a tizilombo taphimbidwa ndi zotumphukira zopangidwa ndi kutsatizana kwa zigawo ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza chitin, sclerotin, sera ndi melanin. Izi zimapereka chitetezo chamakina ku kuyanika ndi kutayika kwa madzi. Ponena za mawonekedwe a thupi, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa tizilombo, tomwe titha kukhala tambiri komanso tolimba ngati kachilomboka, kotalika komanso koonda ngati phasmid ndi tizilombo tomwe timakhala, kapena mosalala ngati mphemvu. tinyanga amathanso kusintha mosiyanasiyana ndikukhala nthenga ngati njenjete zina, bola ngati dzombe kapena kupindika ngati agulugufe. Thupi lanu limagawika magawo atatu:

mutu wa tizilombo

Khalani nawo kapisozi kapangidwe ndipo ndipamene maso, milomo yamlomo yopangidwa ndi zidutswa zingapo ndi tinyanga tomwe timayikidwa. Maso amatha kupangidwa, opangidwa ndi masauzande ambirimbiri olandirira, kapena osavuta, omwe amatchedwanso ocelli, omwe ndi nyumba zazing'ono za photoreceptor. Mawonekedwe apakamwa amapangidwa ndi magawo otchulidwa (labrum, nsagwada, nsagwada ndi milomo) zomwe zimawalola kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kutengera mtundu wa tizilombo ndi mtundu wa chakudya, chomwe chingakhale:

• wotafuna mtundu: monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mafupa, coleoptera ndi lepidopterans.
• mtundu wodula: alipo ku Diptera.
• mtundu woyamwa: Komanso ku Diptera, monga ntchentche za zipatso.
• fodya wotafuna: mu njuchi ndi mavu.
• mtundu wa chipper-sucker: zomwe zimakhala ndi hemiptera monga utitiri ndi nsabwe.
• Siphon kapena mtundu wa chubu: amapezekanso mwa lepidopterans.

chifuwa cha tizilombo

Ili ndi magawo atatu, iliyonse ili ndi miyendo iwiri:

• Prothorax.
• Mesothorax.
• Metathorax.

Mu tizilombo tambiri, meso ndi metathorax amanyamula mapiko awiri. Ndizofutukula mwachidule za khungu, ndipo ali ndi mitsempha. Kumbali inayi, zikhomo zimasinthidwa kuti zigwire ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kutengera njira yamoyo, popeza tizilombo tomwe timakhala padziko lapansi titha kukhala oyenda, olumpha, oyimba, osambira. Mu mitundu ina, amasinthidwa kuti agwire nyama kapena mungu.

Mimba ya tizilombo

Amapangidwa ndi Zigawo 9 mpaka 11, koma chomalizirachi chimachepetsa kwambiri nyumba zomangidwa zotchedwa zitseko. M'magulu aberekeni mumakhala ziwalo zogonana, zomwe mwa amuna ndizo ziwalo zopititsira umuna, ndipo mwa akazi ndizokhudzana ndi kutulutsa mazira.

Kudya tizilombo

Zakudya za tizilombo ndizo zosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Kutengera mtundu wa tizilombo, amatha kudya zotsatirazi:

• Madzi ochokera ku zomera.
• Masamba a masamba.
• Mapepala.
• Zipatso.
• Maluwa.
• Wood.
• Fungal hyphae.
• Tizilombo tina kapena nyama zina.
• Magazi.
• Zamadzimadzi.

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za tizilombo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerengenso nkhani iyi ya PeritoAnimal za tizilombo t 10 takupha ku Brazil.

Kubalana tizilombo

Mu tizilombo, amuna ndi akazi amagawanika ndipo kusewera ndi mkati. Mitundu ina ndi yoberekera ndipo imaberekanso ndi parthenogenesis, ndiye kuti, popanga maselo osakwaniritsidwa achikazi. M'magulu azakugonana, umuna nthawi zambiri umayikidwa m'mimbayi ya akazi nthawi yogonana.

Nthawi zina, umuna umasungidwa mu ma spermatophores omwe amatha kusamutsidwa panthawi yogonana kapena kuyikidwa mu gawo lapansi kuti asonkhanitse akazi. Umunawo umasungidwa mulaibulale ya akazi ya umuna.

mitundu yambiri okwatirana kamodzi kokha pamoyo wawo, koma ena amatha kukwatirana kangapo patsiku. tizilombo nthawi zambiri kuikira mazira ambiri, opitilira miliyoni miliyoni panthawi imodzi, ndipo amatha kuyikamo yokha kapena m'magulu, ndipo amatero m'malo ena. Mitundu ina imayika pamtengo pomwe mphutsi zimadyetsa, zamoyo zam'madzi zimawayika m'madzi ndipo, ngati mitundu ya tiziromboti, imayikira mazira awo ku mbozi za agulugufe kapena tizilombo tina, komwe mphutsiyo imayamba ndikupeza chakudya. Komanso nthawi zina amatha kuboola matabwa ndikuikira mazira mkati mwake. Mitundu ina ndi viviparous ndipo imabadwa imodzi imodzi.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kukula

Gawo loyamba la kukula limachitika mkati mwa dzira, ndipo akhoza kukusiyani m'njira zingapo. Pakusintha kwa zinthu, kachilombo kamasinthidwa ndikusintha mawonekedwe ake, ndiye kuti, amasintha kukhala molt kapena ecdysis. Ngakhale izi sizongokhala tizilombo tokha, kusintha kwakukulu kumachitika mwa iwo, chifukwa zimakhudzana ndikukula kwamapiko, kumangokhala gawo la akulu, komanso kukhwima pakugonana. Metamorphoses imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wawo ndipo amagawidwa motere:

• malowa: ie kusinthidwa kwathunthu. Ili ndi magawo onse: dzira, mphutsi, pupa ndi wamkulu.
• Hemimetabolus: ndimasinthidwe pang'onopang'ono ndi izi: dzira, nymph ndi wamkulu. Zosinthazi zikuchitika pang'ono ndi pang'ono ndipo pokhapokha pakusintha komaliza ndizodabwitsa kwambiri.
• Ametaboles: palibe kusiyana pakati pa achinyamata ndi achikulire, kupatula kukhwima pogonana komanso kukula kwa thupi.

Makhalidwe ena a tizilombo

kuphatikiza pa Makhalidwe ambiri a tizilombo Zomwe tatchulazi, izi ndi zina zapadera zomwe zikupezeka:

• mtima tubular: khalani ndi mtima wamachubu womwe hemolymph imazungulira (yofanana ndi magazi a nyama zina), ndipo zopindika zake zimachitika chifukwa chakuyenda mozungulira.
• tracheal kupuma: kupuma kwawo kumachitika kudzera mu tracheal system, ma machubu ochulukirapo omwe amakhala mthupi lonse ndipo amalumikizidwa kunjaku kudzera muzitsulo zomwe zimawalola kusinthana ndi gasi ndi chilengedwe.
• Dongosolo kwamikodzo: khalani ndi ziphuphu za malpighi zotulutsa mkodzo.
• dongosolo lamankhwala: Makina anu amalingaliro amapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ali ndi ma mechanoreceptors onga tsitsi, amazindikiranso mawu kudzera m'matumba a tympanic omwe amakhala ndimagulu amawu amisili. Kulawa ndi kununkhiza kwa chemoreceptors, ziwalo zomverera zomwe zili munthawi ndi mapapo kuti zizindikire kutentha, chinyezi komanso mphamvu yokoka.
• khalani osintha: amalowa mkhalidwe wouma thupi momwe nyamayo imapumulako chifukwa cha zovuta zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, moyo wake umalumikizidwa ndi nthawi zabwino pomwe chakudya chimakhala chochuluka komanso malo okhala bwino.
• njira yodzitchinjiriza: Podziteteza, ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu, yomwe ingakhale chenjezo kapena kutsanzira. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ina imatha kukhala ndi makomedwe onyansa komanso onunkhira, ina imakhala ndi mbola ndi mafinya owopsa, nyanga zodzitetezera, kapena ubweya woluma. Ena amathawira kwina.
• Otsitsa: ndi ochotsa mungu amitundu yambiri yazomera, zomwe sizikanakhalako pakadapanda mitundu ya tizilombo. Njirayi imatchedwa kusintha kwachilengedwe, pakakhala kusintha pakati pa mitundu iwiri kapena kupitilira apo.
• mitundu ya anthu: pali mitundu yazachikhalidwe ndipo, mwakutero, yasintha kwambiri. Iwo ali ndi mgwirizano mkati mwa gululo, zomwe zimadalira pazizindikiro zamagetsi ndi zamankhwala. Komabe, si magulu onse omwe ndi magulu ovuta, ambiri ali ndi mabungwe osakhalitsa ndipo sagwirizana. Kumbali inayi, tizilombo monga nyerere, chiswe, mavu ndi njuchi zimachita zinthu mwadongosolo kwambiri, chifukwa zimakhazikika m'madera okhala ndi magulu azikhalidwe. Amasintha mpaka kufika poti apanga makina azizindikiro kuti athe kulumikizana ndikupereka chidziwitso chokhudza chilengedwe kapena chakudya.

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Makhalidwe a tizilombo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.