momwe nsomba zimaswana

Mlembi: Laura McKinney
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 2 Epulo 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 17 Novembala 2024
Anonim
momwe nsomba zimaswana - Ziweto
momwe nsomba zimaswana - Ziweto

Zamkati

Pakukula kwa embryonic ya nyama iliyonse, njira zofunikira zimapangidwa kuti apange anthu atsopano. Kulephera kapena cholakwika chilichonse panthawiyi chitha kuvulaza ana, kuphatikizapo kufa kwa fetus.

Kukula kwa nsomba pamimba kwodziwika bwino, chifukwa chakuti mazira awo amaonekera poyera ndipo ntchito yonseyo imatha kuwonedwa kuchokera kunja pogwiritsa ntchito zida zokuzira. Munkhaniyi ndi PeritoAnimalinso tidzaphunzitsa malingaliro ena okhudza embryology ndipo, makamaka, za momwe nsomba zimasanganirana: kukula kwa mluza.

Kukula kwaumboni wa nsomba: mfundo zoyambirira

Kuti tipeze kukula kwa nsomba m'mimba, tiyenera kudziwa mfundo zoyambira mazira, monga mitundu ya mazira ndi magawo omwe amakula m'mimba.


Titha kupeza zosiyana mitundu ya mazira, malingana ndi momwe mwana wa ng'ombe (zinthu zopatsa thanzi zomwe ziliri mdzira la nyama zomwe zimakhala ndi zomanga thupi, lectin ndi cholesterol) zimagawidwa komanso kuchuluka kwake. Poyamba, tiyeni titchule zotsatira za kulumikizana kwa dzira ndi umuna ngati dzira, komanso ngati mwana wa ng'ombe, gulu lazakudya zomwe zili mkati mwa dzira ndipo zikhala chakudya cha mwana wosabadwa mtsogolo.

Mitundu ya mazira malinga ndi kayendedwe ka mwana wa ng'ombe mkati:

  • mazira akutali: ng'ombe imapezeka mofanana pakati pa dzira. Mitundu yanyama ya poriferous, cnidarians, echinoderms, nemertines ndi nyama.
  • kusankha mazira: yolk imasunthidwa kupita kudera la dzira, moyang'anizana ndi malo omwe mluza umakulira. Nyama zambiri zimachokera ku dzira la mtundu uwu, monga molluscs, nsomba, amphibiya, zokwawa, mbalame, ndi zina zambiri.
  • Mazira a Centrolecitos: yolk imazunguliridwa ndi cytoplasm ndipo izi, mozungulira, zimazungulira phata lomwe limatulutsa mluza. Zimapezeka mu nyamakazi.

Mitundu ya mazira malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama yamwana wang'ombe:

  • mazira oligolectics: ndi ochepa ndipo ali ndi mwana wang'ombe pang'ono.
  • mazira a mesolocyteKukula kwapakati ndi veal wambiri.
  • mazira a macrolecite: ndi mazira akulu, okhala ndi nyama yamwana wang'ombe yambiri.

Miyezo yofanana ya kukula kwa mluza

  • Chigawo: m'gawo lino, magulu angapo am'magawo amachitika omwe amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofunikira gawo lachiwiri. Zimathera mdziko lotchedwa blastula.
  • Kupweteka: pali kupangidwanso kwama cell a blastula, komwe kumabweretsa ma blastoderms (majeremusi achikale) omwe ndi ectoderm, endoderm ndipo, mwa nyama zina, mesoderm.
  • Kusiyanitsa ndi organogenesis: zimakhala ndi ziwalo zimapangidwa kuchokera ku majeremusi, ndikupanga mawonekedwe a munthu watsopanoyo.

Momwe nsomba zimasindikizira: kukula ndi kutentha

Kutentha kumayenderana kwambiri ndi nthawi yophatikizira mazira mu nsomba ndi kukula kwawo kwa m'mimba (zomwezi zimachitika m'mitundu ina ya nyama). Nthawi zambiri pamakhala fayilo ya momwe akadakwanitsira kutentha kwa makulitsidwe, omwe amasiyanasiyana pafupifupi 8ºC.


Mazira omwe amakhala mkati mwa mitunduyi amakhala ndi mwayi wopanga ndi kuwaswa. Momwemonso, mazira omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali kutentha kwambiri (kunja kwa mulingo woyenera wa mitunduyo) amakhala otsika kuwonongeka ndipo, akaswa, anthu obadwawo amatha kudwala zolakwika zazikulu.

Kukula kwam'mimba kwa nsomba: magawo

Tsopano popeza mukudziwa zoyambira za mazira, tidzasanthula kukula kwa nsomba. nsomba ndizo alireza, ndiye kuti, amachokera ku mazira a telolecite, omwe ali ndi yolk adasunthira kudera la dzira.

M'mitu yotsatira tifotokoza bwanji kubalanso kwa nsomba.

Momwe nsomba zimasanganirana: gawo la zygotic

Dzira latsopanoli limakhalabe mu boma la zygote mpaka chigawo choyamba. Nthawi yomwe gawoli likuchitika zimadalira mitundu ndi kutentha kwa chilengedwe. Nsomba za mbidzi, Danio dzina loyamba (nsomba zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakufufuza), gawo loyamba limachitika mozungulira Mphindi 40 pambuyo umuna. Ngakhale zikuwoneka kuti munthawi imeneyi palibe zosintha, mkati mwa njira zokometsera dzira zopitilira patsogolo zikuchitika.


Kumanani: Nsomba zomwe zimapuma kuchokera m'madzi

Kubereketsa nsomba: gawo logawika

Dzira limalowa mgawo pomwe gawo loyamba la zygote limachitika. Mu nsomba, magawowo ndi meroblastic, chifukwa gawoli silidutsa dzira kwathunthu, chifukwa limalephereka ndi yolk, polekezera kudera lomwe kamwana kameneka kamakhala. Magawo oyamba ndi ofukula komanso osasunthika kwa mluza, ndipo ndi achangu kwambiri komanso amalumikizidwa. Amabweretsa mulu wa maselo omwe amaikidwa pa ng'ombe, yomwe ili discoidal blastula.

Kubereketsa nsomba: gawo lam'mimba

Pakati pa gawo la m'mimba, kukonzanso kwamaselo a discoidal blastula kumachitika morphogenetic mayendedwendiye kuti, zidziwitso zomwe zili mu ma cell a ma cell osiyanasiyana omwe apangidwa kale, zimasindikizidwa m'njira yomwe imakakamiza ma cell kuti apeze mawonekedwe atsopano. Pankhani ya nsomba, kukonzanso kumene kumatchedwa kusakhudzika. Momwemonso, gawoli limadziwika ndi kuchepa kwamlingo wamagawe ndikukula kwakung'ono kapena kuchepa kwamaselo.

Pazomwe zimachitika, maselo ena a discoblastula kapena discoidal blastula amasunthira kuloza yolk, ndikupanga wosanjikiza pamwamba pake. Mzerewu udzakhala malowa. Maselo omwe atsalira pamuluwo ndi omwe amapanga ectoderm. Pamapeto pa ndondomekoyi, gastrula idzafotokozedwa kapena, pankhani ya nsomba, discogastrula, yokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zoyambira za majeremusi kapena blastoderms, ectoderm ndi endoderm.

Dziwani zambiri za: nsomba zamchere zamchere

Kubereketsa nsomba: kusiyanitsa ndi gawo la organogenesis

Pakati pa kusiyanitsa kwa nsomba, mzere wachitatu wa embryonic umawonekera, womwe uli pakati pa endoderm ndi ectoderm, wotchedwa udaku.

Endoderm imalowa mkati momwe imapangidwira patsekedwa yotchedwa wowumba. Khomo la bwaloli litchedwa blastopore ndipo zotsatira zake ndi anus ya nsomba. Kuyambira pano, titha kusiyanitsa cephalic chovala (ubongo wopangidwa) ndipo, mbali zonse ziwiri, the zotupa zowoneka bwino (maso amtsogolo). Pambuyo pa cephalic vesicle, neural chubu imapanga ndipo, mbali zonse ziwiri, ma somites, nyumba zomwe pamapeto pake zimapanga mafupa a msana ndi nthiti, minofu ndi ziwalo zina.

Mchigawo chino, gawo lililonse la majeremusi limatha kupanga ziwalo zingapo kapena ziwalo zingapo, kuti:

ectoderm:

  • Epidermis ndi mantha dongosolo;
  • Kuyamba ndi kutha kwa gawo logaya chakudya.

udaku:

  • Dermis;
  • Minofu, zotulutsa ndi ziwalo zoberekera;
  • Celoma, peritoneum ndi circulatory system.

malowa:

  • Ziwalo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi chimbudzi: epithelium yamkati yam'mimba ndi adnexal glands;
  • Magulu oyang'anira kusinthana kwa gasi.

Werenganinso: Kuswana Nsomba za Betta

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi momwe nsomba zimaswana, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.