Magulu Amwazi Amphaka - Mitundu ndi Momwe Mungadziwire

Zamkati

• Kodi pali amphaka angati amphaka?
• Gulu la A mphaka limaswana
• Mitundu ya mphaka ya Gulu B
• Mitundu ya mphaka ya Gulu AB
• Momwe mungadziwire gulu lamagazi amphaka
• Kodi ndikofunikira kuyesa kuyesa katsitsi?
• kuikidwa magazi m'mphaka
• Kuikidwa magazi kuchokera ku mphaka A mpaka mphaka B
• Kuikidwa magazi kuchokera ku mphaka B kupita ku mphaka A
• Kuikidwa magazi kuchokera ku mphaka A kapena B kupita ku mphaka wa AB
• Feline neonatal isoerythrolysis
• Zizindikiro za feline neonatal isoerythrolysis
• Kuchiza kwa feline neonatal isoerythrolysis
• Kupewa kwa neonatal isoerythrolysis

Kutsimikiza kwamagulu amwazi ndikofunikira pokhudzana ndi kuthira magazi amphaka komanso azimayi apakati, popeza kuthekera kwa mwanayo kudalira izi. ngakhale alipo magulu atatu okha amphaka amphaka: A, AB ndi B, ngati kuikidwa magazi koyenera ndi magulu ogwirizana sikuchitika, zotsatirapo zake zimakhala zakupha.

Kumbali inayi, ngati abambo a mphaka zamtsogolo ali, mwachitsanzo, mphaka wokhala ndi mtundu wamagazi A kapena AB wokhala ndi mphaka wa B, izi zimatha kubweretsa matenda omwe amachititsa hemolysis mu mphaka: a neonatal isoerythrolysis, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa imfa ya ana m'masiku awo oyamba amoyo.

Kodi mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za magulu amphaka - mitundu ndi momwe mungadziwire? Chifukwa chake musaphonye nkhaniyi ndi PeritoAnimal, momwe timagwirira ntchito magulu atatu amphongo a magazi, kuphatikiza kwawo, zotsatira zake ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike pakati pawo. Kuwerenga bwino.

Kodi pali amphaka angati amphaka?

Kudziwa mtundu wamagazi ndikofunikira pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana ndipo, monga tidanenera, pazifukwa zomwe kuikidwa magazi m'mphaka chofunika. M'mphaka zoweta titha kupeza magulu atatu amagazi malinga ndi ma antigen omwe amapezeka pakhungu lofiira la magazi: A, B ndi AB. Tsopano tiwonetsa magulu amwazi ndi mitundu ya amphaka:

Gulu la A mphaka limaswana

gulu A ndilo ochuluka kwambiri mwa atatu padziko lapansi, pokhala amphaka afupiafupi aku Europe ndi America omwe amawonetsa kwambiri, monga:

• Mphaka waku Europe.
• Tsitsi lalifupi laku America.
• Maine Coon.
• Manx.
• Nkhalango ya Norway.

Kumbali inayi, amphaka a Siamese, Oriental ndi Tonkinese amakhala gulu A.

Mitundu ya mphaka ya Gulu B

Mitundu ya paka yomwe gulu B limakhazikika ndi:

• Waku Britain.
• Devon Rex.
• Chimon Wachirawit.
• Ragdoll.
• Zachilendo.

Mitundu ya mphaka ya Gulu AB

Gulu la AB ndilo ndizochepa kwambiri kupeza, zomwe zimawoneka mu amphaka:

• Angora.
• Turkey Van.

Gulu lamagazi mphaka liri nalo zimatengera makolo ako, monga momwe anatengera. Mphaka aliyense amakhala ndi vuto limodzi kuchokera kwa abambo ndi amodzi kuchokera kwa mayi, kuphatikiza uku kumatsimikizira gulu lake lamagazi. Allele A ndiwopambana pa B ndipo amamuwona ngati AB, pomwe womalizirayo amapambana B, ndiye kuti, kuti mphaka akhale mtundu wa B ayenera kukhala ndi ma B onse.

• Mphaka ungakhale ndi zotsatirazi: A / A, A / B, A / AB.
• A B cat nthawi zonse amakhala B / B chifukwa samakhala opambana.
• Mphaka wa AB adzakhala AB / AB kapena AB / B.

Momwe mungadziwire gulu lamagazi amphaka

Masiku ano titha kupeza mayesero angapo pakudziwitsa ma antigen apakhungu lofiira la magazi, ndipamene mtundu wa magazi amphaka (kapena gulu) umapezeka. Magazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku EDTA ndipo amaikidwa pamakhadi omwe adapangidwira kuti awonetse gulu lamagazi amphaka malingana ndi momwe magazi amafufutira kapena ayi.

Zikachitika kuti chipatala sichikhala ndi makhadi awa, atha kutenga sampuli yamagazi amphaka ndipo tumizani ku labotale kuti akawonetse gulu lomwe lili.

Kodi ndikofunikira kuyesa kuyesa katsitsi?

Ndizofunikira, monga amphaka ali ndi ma antibodies achilengedwe olimbana ndi ma antigen ofiira ofiira am'magazi am'magazi ena.

Amphaka onse a gulu B ali ndi ma anti-group A amphamvu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngati magazi amphaka B akumana ndi amphaka A, amawononga kwambiri komanso amafa mgulu la paka A. Izi ndizofunikira pazochitika zakupatsidwa magazi amphaka kapena ngakhale mukukonzekera kuwoloka kulikonse.

Amphaka a gulu A alipo ma antibodies olimbana ndi gulu B, koma ofooka, ndipo omwe ali mgulu la AB alibe ma antibodies a gulu A kapena B.

kuikidwa magazi m'mphaka

Nthawi zina kuchepa magazi, m'pofunika kutero kuthiridwa magazi m'mphaka. Amphaka omwe ali ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi amathandizira hematocrit (kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira m'magazi athunthu) kutsika kuposa omwe ali ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kapena kutaya mwazi mwadzidzidzi, kukhala onyengerera (kutsitsa magazi).

O hematocrit yachibadwa wa mphaka uli pafupi 30-50%Chifukwa chake, amphaka omwe ali ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi komanso hematocrit a 10-15% kapena omwe ali ndi magazi ochepa omwe ali ndi hematocrit pakati pa 20 ndi 25% ayenera kuthiridwa magazi. Kuphatikiza pa hematocrit, zizindikiro zachipatala zomwe, ngati mphaka amatero, zikuwonetsa kuti amafunika kuthiridwa magazi. Zizindikiro izi zikuwonetsa ma hypoxia am'manja (mpweya wochepa m'maselo) ndipo ndi awa:

• Tachypnoea.
• Tachycardia.
• Kufooka.
• Wopusa.
• Kuchulukitsa nthawi yowonjezeredwa ya capillary.
• Kukwera kwa seramu lactate.

Kuphatikiza pakudziwitsa gulu lamagazi olandila kuti likugwirizana ndi woperekayo, katsayo woperekayo ayenera kuti anafufuzidwa ngati ali ndi zotsatirazi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena matenda opatsirana:

• Feline khansa ya m'magazi.
• Feline immunodeficiency.
• Mycoplasma haemophelis.
• Wosankhidwa Mycoplasma haemominutum.
• Wosankhidwa Mycoplasma turicensis.
• Bartonella hensalae.
• Erhlichia sp.
• Filaria sp.
• Toxoplasma gondii.

Kuikidwa magazi kuchokera ku mphaka A mpaka mphaka B

Kuikidwa magazi kuchokera ku A mphaka kupita ku gulu B katsamba kumakhala kowopsa chifukwa amphaka a B, monga tanena kale, ali ndi ma antibodies amphamvu kwambiri motsutsana ndi ma antigen a gulu A, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo ofiira amafalikira kuchokera pagulu A lowonongeka (haemolysis), kuchititsa kuthiridwa magazi mwachangu, mwamakani, komwe kumatetezedwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi zimabweretsa kufa kwa mphaka yemwe adalandira magazi.

Kuikidwa magazi kuchokera ku mphaka B kupita ku mphaka A

Ngati kuthiridwa magazi kumachitika kwina, ndiye kuti, kuchokera pagulu la gulu B mpaka mtundu wa A, kuthiridwa magazi ndikofatsa komanso osagwira ntchito chifukwa chakuchepa kwamaselo ofiira amwazi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuikidwa magazi kwachiwiri kwamtunduwu kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu.

Kuikidwa magazi kuchokera ku mphaka A kapena B kupita ku mphaka wa AB

Ngati mtundu wamagazi A kapena B umathiridwa mphaka wa AB, palibe chomwe chikuyenera kuchitika, popeza ilibe ma antibodies olimbana ndi gulu A kapena B.

Feline neonatal isoerythrolysis

Isoerythrolysis kapena hemolysis ya wakhanda amatchedwa Kusagwirizana kwamagulu amwazi pobadwa zomwe zimachitika mu amphaka ena. Ma antibodies omwe takhala tikukambirana nawonso amapita mu colostrum ndi mkaka wa m'mawere ndipo, mwanjira imeneyi, amafikira ana agalu, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa mavuto monga tawonera poyika magazi.

Vuto lalikulu la isoerythrolysis limachitika pamene paka B okwatirana ndi mphaka A kapena AB chifukwa chake amphaka awo amakhala A kapena AB, chifukwa chake akamayamwa kuchokera kwa mayi m'masiku ochepa oyamba amoyo, amatha kuyamba kuyamwa ma anti-group A antibodies kuchokera kwa mayi ndikuyambitsa chitetezo chamthupi gulu lawo ma antigen ofiira ofiira am'magazi, kuwapangitsa kuti awonongeke (haemolysis), omwe amadziwika kuti neonatal isoerythrolysis.

Ndikuphatikiza kwina, isoerythrolysis sizimachitika palibe mwana wamphaka, koma pamakhala kuthiridwa magazi kofunikira komwe kumawononga maselo ofiira.

Isoerythrolysis sichimawonekera mpaka mwana wamphaka amamwa ma antibodies a amayi awa, chotero, pakubadwa amakhala amphaka athanzi komanso abwinobwino. Mukatenga colostrum, vuto limayamba kuwonekera.

Zizindikiro za feline neonatal isoerythrolysis

Nthawi zambiri, amphakawa amafooka pakapita maola kapena masiku, kusiya kuyamwitsa, kukhala ofooka kwambiri, otumbululuka chifukwa chakuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Akapulumuka, mamina ndi khungu lawo limatuluka (chikasu) komanso ngakhale mkodzo wanu udzakhala wofiira chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zamagazi ofiira (hemoglobin).

Nthawi zina, matenda amayambitsa imfa yadzidzidzi popanda zizindikiritso zam'mbuyomu kuti mphaka sakupeza bwino komanso kuti china chake chikuchitika mkati. Nthawi zina, zizindikiro zimakhala zochepa ndipo zimawoneka nazo mdima wakuda mchira chifukwa cha necrosis kapena kufa kwa cell m'derali sabata yoyamba ya moyo wawo.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa kuuma kwa zizindikiritso zamankhwala kumadalira kusiyanasiyana kwa ma anti-A antibodies omwe mayi amafalitsa mu colostrum, kuchuluka komwe ana agalu adamwa ndikuthekera kwawo kuyamwa mthupi la mphalapala.

Kuchiza kwa feline neonatal isoerythrolysis

Vutoli likangowonekera, sangachiritsidwe, koma ngati woyang'anirayo azindikira nthawi yoyambira ya moyo wa ana amphaka ndikuwachotsa kwa mayi ndikuwadyetsa mkaka wopangidwira agalu, ziwathandiza kuti asapitirize kuyamwa ma antibodies ambiri omwe angakulitse vuto.

Kupewa kwa neonatal isoerythrolysis

Asanalandire chithandizo, zomwe ndizosatheka, zomwe zimafunika kuthana ndi vutoli ndi kupewa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudziwa gulu lamagazi amphaka. Komabe, popeza izi nthawi zambiri sizotheka chifukwa cha mimba zapathengo, njira yabwino yopewera izi amphaka osakaniza kapena osakanikirana.

Ngati mwana wamphaka ali ndi pakati kale ndipo tikukayika, ziyenera kutero pewani ana amphaka kuti asatenge colostrum yanu patsiku lawo loyamba la moyo, kuwachotsa kwa mayi, ndipamene amatha kuyamwa ma antibodies a matenda omwe amawononga maselo ofiira ngati ali gulu A kapena AB. Ngakhale musanachite izi, choyenera ndikuwona omwe amphaka amachokera ku gulu A kapena AB ndimakhadi ozindikiritsa gulu lamagazi kuchokera kudontho lamagazi kapena chingwe cha umbilical cha mwana wamphaka aliyense ndikuchotsa okha maguluwo, osati B, omwe sangakhale ndi vuto la hemolysis. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, akhoza kuyanjananso ndi amayi, chifukwa sangathe kulanditsa ma antibodies a amayi.

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