Zamkati
- nyamakazi
- Tizilombo toopsa kwambiri ku Brazil
- udzudzu
- Kutsuka mapazi
- njuchi yakupha
- Wometa
- Tizilombo toopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi
- Tizilombo toopsa kwambiri tawuni
- Tizilombo toopsa kwambiri ku Amazon
- Tizilombo Towopsa Kwambiri Kwa Anthu
Amawonekera zaka mamiliyoni zapitazo, amabwera mosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe ndi mitundu. Amakhala m'malo am'madzi ndi apadziko lapansi, ena amatha kupulumuka kutentha kwambiri, pali mitundu masauzande ambirimbiri padziko lapansi, ambiri amapezeka mdziko lapansi, ndipo ena mwa iwo amadziwika kuti ndi nyama zokhazokha zomwe zimatha kuuluka. Tikunena za "tizilombo".
Ndikofunika kudziwa zambiri zokhudza nyamazi, chifukwa zina mwa izo ndi zoopsa kwa anthu komanso nyama. Kuti tichite mosamala ndi chisamaliro pokhudzana ndi chilengedwe ndi chilengedwe, Katswiri wa Zinyama amabweretsa nkhani yomwe ikuwonetsa tizilombo toopsa kwambiri ku Brazil.
nyamakazi
Inu nyamakazi ndi nyama zomwe zili ndi thupi lopanda mafupa olumikizana ndi mafupa omwe amadziwika kuti ndi tizilombo ndi: ntchentche, udzudzu, mavu, njuchi, nyerere, agulugufe, agulugufe, agulugufe, cicadas, mphemvu, chiswe, ziwala, njenjete, njenjete, kafadala, pakati pa ena ambiri . Zina mwa zamoyo zopanda mafupa zomwe zatchulidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwambiri padziko lapansi. Tizilombo tonse tili ndi mutu, thorax, pamimba, tinyanga tofa nato ndi miyendo itatu, koma si onse omwe ali ndi mapiko.
Tizilombo toopsa kwambiri ku Brazil
Tizilombo tina toopsa kwambiri ku Brazil timadziwika bwino pakati pa anthu, koma si aliyense amene amadziwa kuti ndi mitundu iti yomwe ili yovulaza nyama ndi anthu. Pamndandandawu muli nyerere zosambitsa mapazi, njuchi Apis mellifera, O Matenda a Triatoma wodziwika kuti wometa ndi udzudzu.
udzudzu
Chodabwitsa, udzudzu ndiwo tizilombo toopsa ku Brazil komanso padziko lapansi, monga zilili Opatsirana matenda ndikuchuluka mofulumira. Udzudzu wodziwika bwino ndi Aedes aegypti, Anopheles spp. ndi udzudzu wa mu udzu (Lutzomyia longipalpis). Matenda akulu opatsirana ndi Aedes aegypti ndi: dengue, chikungunya ndi yellow fever, pokumbukira kuti mdera la yellow fever amathanso kupatsirana ndi mitunduyo Haemagogus spp.
O Anophelesspp. ndi mtundu womwe umafalitsa matenda a malungo ndi elephantiasis (filariasis), ku brazil amadziwika kuti udzudzu wa capuchin. Ambiri mwa matendawa asanduka miliri yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo ngakhale masiku ano kufalikira kwawo kumamenyedwa. O Lutzomyia Longipalpis yotchedwa Mosquito Palha ndiyo yotumiza canine visceral leishmaniasis, ndiyonso zoonosis, ndiye kuti matenda omwe amathanso kupatsirana kwa anthu ndi nyama zina kupatula agalu.
Kutsuka mapazi
Pali mitundu yoposa 2,500 ya nyerere ku Brazil, kuphatikiza Solenopsis saevissima (pachithunzipa pansipa), chotchedwa nyerere yosambitsa mapazi, yotchedwa nyerere yamoto, dzinali limafanana ndi zotentha zomwe munthuyo amamva akalumidwa ndi nyerere. Tizilomboti timawawona ngati tizirombo ta m'tawuni, kuwononga gawo laulimi ndikuyika pachiwopsezo ku thanzi la nyama ndi anthu ndipo ali m'gulu la mndandanda tizilombo toopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kawirikawiri nyerere zotsuka mapazi zimamanga zisa zawo (nyumba), m'malo monga: kapinga, minda, ndi kumbuyo kwa nyumba, amakhalanso ndi chizolowezi chopanga zisa mkati mwa mabokosi olumikizira magetsi. Mafinya ake amatha kupha anthu omwe sagwirizana nawo.
njuchi yakupha
Njuchi za ku Africa, zotchedwa killer njuchi ndi amodzi mwa subspecies a Apis mellifera, zotsatira zakudutsa njuchi zaku Africa ndi njuchi zaku Europe ndi ku Italy. Wotchuka chifukwa chaukali wawo, amakhala otetezeka kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina yonse ya njuchi, akawopsezedwa amamuwukira ndipo amatha kuthamangitsa munthu kwamitengo yoposa 400 mita ndipo akaukira amaluma kangapo ndipo atha kale kupha anthu ambiri komanso nyama.
Wometa
O Matenda a Triatoma amadziwika ku Brazil monga Barbeiro, kachilomboka kamapezeka m'maiko ena ku South America, nthawi zambiri kumakhala nyumba, makamaka nyumba zopangidwa ndi matabwa. Kuopsa kwakukulu kwa kachiromboka ndikuti ndiye Wofalitsa matenda a Chagas, monga udzudzu, wometayo ndi kachilombo kamene kamagwetsa magazi (kamene kamagwiritsa ntchito magazi), kamakhala ndi moyo wautali ndipo kumatha kukhala chaka chimodzi kufikira zaka ziwiri, kumakhala ndi zizolowezi zakusintha usiku ndipo kumakonda kuwukira omwe akuwagonera akagona. Chagas ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amakhudza dongosolo la mtima, kudwala kumatha kutenga zaka kuti ziwonekere ndipo ngati sakuchiritsidwa kumatha kubweretsa imfa.
Tizilombo toopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi
Mndandanda wa tizilombo toopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi uli ndi mitundu itatu ya nyerere, udzudzu, njuchi, mavu, ntchentche ndi ometa. Zina mwa tizilombo toopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi zili m'gulu la tizilombo toopsa kwambiri ku Brazil, tatchulazi.
nyerere za mitunduyo clavata paraponera yotchuka kwambiri yotchedwa nyerere ya Cape Verde, imachita chidwi ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu komwe kumatha kufika mamilimita 25. mbola imawerengedwa kuti ndi yopweteka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nyerere yosambitsa mapazi, yomwe yatchulidwa kale, ndi nyerere dorylus wilverthi wotchedwa woyendetsa nyerere, wochokera ku Africa, amakhala m'magulu mamiliyoni amembala, izi zimawonedwa kuti ndi nyerere zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zolemera masentimita asanu.
Udzudzu womwe watchulidwa kale uli pamwamba pamndandanda chifukwa alipo ambiri ndipo amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, ali ndi magazi komanso amadyetsa magazi, ngakhale kuti udzudzu umatha kupatsira munthu m'modzi yekha, amaberekana ochulukirapo ndipo ndi liwiro, pokhala ochuluka kwambiri amatha kukhala onyamula matenda osiyanasiyana komanso kupatsira anthu ambiri.
Wotchedwa ntchentche ya tsetse (pachithunzipa pansipa), ndi ya banja Glossindae, a Glossina palpalis komanso wochokera ku Africa, amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazirombo zoopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, zomwe zimanyamula trypanosoma brucei ndi kutumiza kwa matenda ogona. Matendawa amatenga dzina ili chifukwa amasiya munthu wokomoka. Ntchentche ya tsetse imapezeka m'madera omwe muli zomera zambiri, zizindikiro za matendawa ndizofala, monga malungo, kupweteka kwa thupi komanso kupweteka mutu, matenda ogona amapha, koma pali mankhwala.
Mavu akuluakulu a ku Asia kapena mandarin amaopedwa ndi anthu komanso njuchi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi wosaka njuchi ndipo amatha dulani mng'oma m'maola ochepa, omwe amapezeka kum'mawa kwa Asia amathanso kupezeka m'malo otentha. Utsi wa mandarin ukhoza kuyambitsa impso kulephera komanso kupha.
Kuphatikiza pa tizilombo tomwe tatchulazi, mndandanda wa tizilombo toopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi njuchi zakupha komanso ometa, zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa. Palinso tizirombo tina tomwe timalembetsa, ena chifukwa sanaphunzirebe mokwanira, ndipo ena chifukwa sakudziwika ndi anthu.
Tizilombo toopsa kwambiri tawuni
Pakati pa tizilombo tomwe tatchulazo, zonse zimapezeka m'mizinda, tizilombo zowopsa mosakayikira ndi udzudzu ndi nyerere, zomwe nthawi zambiri sizimadziwika. Pankhani ya udzudzu, kupewa ndikofunikira kwambiri, kuphatikiza pakusamalira m'nyumba kuti mupewe kuchuluka kwa madzi, kumwa katemerayu, mwanjira zina zodzitetezera.
Tizilombo toopsa kwambiri ku Amazon
Udzudzu, monganso padziko lonse lapansi, nawonso ndi tizilombo toopsa kwambiri ku Amazon. chifukwa cha nyengo yamvula kuchulukana kwa tizilombo timeneti kukufulumira, zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi mabungwe oyang'anira zaumoyo zikuwonetsa kuti dera lino lidalemba anthu opitilira malungo zikwi zikwi ziwiri mu 2017.
Tizilombo Towopsa Kwambiri Kwa Anthu
Mwa tizilombo tatchulidwa, zonse zimaimira zoopsa, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti tizilombo tina akhoza kukupha kutengera kulimba kwa chiwopsezo chanu komanso ngati matenda opatsirana sakuchiritsidwa. Tizilombo tosawerengeka tomwe tanena kale ndiwovulaza nyama ndi anthu. Koma chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa kwa njuchi ndi udzudzu.
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