Kulephera kwa Chiwindi Amphaka - Zizindikiro ndi Chithandizo

Zamkati

• Kodi kulephera kwa chiwindi mu amphaka ndi chiyani?
• Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kulephera Kwa Chiwindi cha Feline
• matenda a chiwindi
• Matenda opatsirana
• Poizoni
• Zowonongeka Kwambiri
• Zizindikiro za Kulephera kwa Chiwindi Amphaka
• Kuzindikira kwa chiwindi cha chiwindi
• Kuyesa kwakuthupi
• kuyesa magazi
• Kujambula Kuzindikira
• chiwindi
• Chithandizo cha kulephera kwa chiwindi mu amphaka
• Chithandizo cha kwa chiwindi lipidosis
• Chithandizo cha neutrophilic cholangitis
• Chithandizo cha lymphocytic cholangitis
• Chithandizo cha matenda opatsirana
• Chithandizo cha zotupa za chiwindi
• Chithandizo cha Portosystemic shunt

Kulephera kwa chiwindi m'mphaka kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda a chiwindi omwe amakhudza ntchito kwa chiwindi, monga hepatic lipidosis, cholangitis, amyloidosis kapena zotupa, koma amathanso chifukwa cha matenda owonjezera kapena chiwindi.

Zizindikiro za matenda onsewa sizodziwika bwino ndipo zimaphatikizapo, mwa zina: ulesi, kuonda, kusowa njala, kuchuluka kwamadzi ndi kusanza. Pazigawo zapamwamba za kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi kumawonekera jaundice (khungu la chikasu), hepatic encephalopathy komanso ascites (kudzikundikira madzimadzi m'mimba).

Mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za Kulephera kwa chiwindi m'mphaka - zizindikiro ndi chithandizo? Pitirizani kuwerenga nkhani iyi ya PeritoAnimal ndipo mudzadziwa bwino matenda omwe angayambitse chiwindi m'thupi lanu.

Kodi kulephera kwa chiwindi mu amphaka ndi chiyani?

Ndi mawu akuti feline chiwindi kulephera, timanena za matenda onse ndi zochitika zomwe zimasintha magwiridwe antchito a chiwindi cha paka. Pali zambiri matenda omwe amachepetsa chiwindi kugwira ntchito, ena amakhala oyamba ndipo ena amakhala achiwiri chifukwa cha poizoni kapena matenda a extrahepatic.

Chiwindi cha amphaka chimagwira ntchito zambiri, chifukwa ndizofunikira pakudya chimbudzi, kaphatikizidwe ka bilirubin, glycogen, lipoproteins, albumin ndi kusefa zakumwa zoopsa. Kuphatikiza apo, amasinthidwa kukhala amphaka odyetsa, chifukwa kudzera mu nyama yomwe amapeza, pakati pa michere ina, taurine ndi arginine, omwe ndi amino acid ofunika kwambiri kwa amphaka.

Chiwindi chimapanga amchere amtundu wa bile kuchokera pakulumikizana kwa bile acid ndi taurine ndi arginine, amalowererapo pakuphatikizika kwa ammonia kuchokera ku urea ndikuchotsa kwake, chifukwa chake, kuchepa kwa arginine kumayambitsa poyizoni wa ammonia mu mphaka wathu, kuchititsa matenda encephalopathy omwe nthawi zambiri amapha zotsatira.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kulephera Kwa Chiwindi cha Feline

Kulephera kwa chiwindi mu amphaka kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza matenda a chiwindi, matenda opatsirana, matenda m'malo ena kupatula chiwindi cha paka, kapena poizoni:

matenda a chiwindi

Pali matenda osiyanasiyana a chiwindi omwe angakhudze chiwindi cha paka ndikumakhala ndi kulephera kocheperako:

• chiwindi lipidosis: amatchedwanso mafuta a chiwindi, pali kuloleza kwamafuta m'maselo a chiwindi omwe amachititsa kuti asamagwire bwino ntchito, poti akhoza kukhala opha ma feline athu. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka ndi amphaka onenepa kwambiri omwe amalephera kudya masiku awiri kapena atatu pazifukwa zina, amatulutsa mafuta kuchokera mthupi lawo m'magazi ndikufika pachiwindi. Amatha kuyambitsa chifukwa, akasiya kudya, samapanga ma lipoprotein otsika kwambiri omwe amapangitsa triglycerides kutuluka m'chiwindi kapena kuteteza makutidwe ndi mafuta a asidi amchere ndi kuperewera kwa carnitine, komwe kumapezeka kudzera mu ma amino acid awiri ofunika pitilizani ndi zakudya zanu. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi cholangitis, kapamba, m'mimba kapena matenda a endocrine (hyperthyroidism, shuga mellitus).
• Neutrophilic cholangitis: Kutupa kwaminyewa ya ndulu ya chiwindi yochokera kumatenda a m'mimba (Escherichia coli, streptococci kapena clostridia). Nthawi zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi matenda opatsirana otupa komanso / kapena kapamba, izi ndizofala mu amphaka ndipo zimatchedwa feline triad, chifukwa ziwindi ndi kapamba zimayendera limodzi mpaka m'matumbo, chifukwa chake matenda am'matumbo kapena kapamba amatha kukhudza chiwindi.
• lymphocytic cholangitis: Ndi matenda opitilira muyeso otetezedwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi ndi kulowetsedwa kwa lymphocyte.
• Matenda a chiwindi: imawonekera kumapeto kwa matenda a chiwindi osachiritsika ndipo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a fibrosis, mitsempha yachilendo yosinthika ndi ma anastomoses amitsempha yamitsempha.
• amyloidosis: imakhala ndi gawo la mapuloteni amyloid m'chiwindi, omwe amatha kuwaswa, ndikupangitsa magazi kulowa m'mimba (hemoabdomen). Nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'ziwalo zina, monga impso, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayankhidwa ndi kutupa kosatha. Nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa mu mphaka wa Abyssinia, Siamese ndi Oriental.
• zotupa za chiwindi: ndizochepa amphaka, omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi bile duct carcinoma. Titha kuwona ma lymphomas m'chiwindi, koma nthawi zambiri timawapeza kwina.

Matenda opatsirana

Zina mwa matenda opatsirana omwe angayambitse chiwindi ku amphaka, tiwonetsa:

• PIF: mwa mapangidwe a pyogranulomas m'chiwindi mouma kwa matendawa.
• toxoplasmosis: ndi hepatocyte necrosis (kufa kwa maselo a chiwindi) ndi kutupa.

Poizoni

Amphaka ali ndi kuchepa kwa ma enzyme kusungunula glucuronyl transferase, yomwe imayambitsa kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala ena kapena ma metabolites ndi glucuronic acid kuti apitilize ndi kagayidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi kuthetsedwa. Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi ndipo sayenera kupatsidwa amphaka athu chifukwa ndi owopsa ndipo amatha kuyambitsa chiwindi necrosis, ndi awa: acetaminophen, ibuprofen ndi aspirin. Mankhwala ena omwe ali ndi chiwindi cha chiwindi m'mphaka ndi methimazole, tetracyclines, diazepam, L-asparaginase ndi doxorubicin.

Zowonongeka Kwambiri

Zimapangidwa ndikusintha kwa chiwindi cha paka cha kobadwa nako ndi kukhalapo kwa mtsempha wamagazi wowonjezera yomwe imalumikiza vein portal ndi caudal vena cava (systemic circulation), kuti zinthu zina za poizoni zochokera m'matumbo zifike pachiwindi koma osasefedwa kudzera mu kulumikizana kwamitsempha, kenako zimadutsa mwachindunji kufalikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa poizoni muubongo. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha izi, chiwindi chimachepa kukula kwake ndikupanga kulephera kwa chiwindi.

Mwa zonsezi, matenda omwe amachititsa chiwindi kulephera mwa mitundu ya feline ndi hepatic lipidosis ndi cholangitis.

Zizindikiro za Kulephera kwa Chiwindi Amphaka

Zizindikiro Za Kulephera Kwa Chiwindi cha Feline zilibe tanthauzo, kutengera momwe zimayambira komanso kuuma kwake, titha kupeza zifukwa zingapo, monga jaundice amphaka:

• Kusowa kwa njala
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Kukonda
• kusanza
• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Matenda a anorexia
• kutuluka
• dysuria
• Matenda okhumudwa
• Mphwayi
• Jaundice
• Ascites

Pakadwala matenda osokoneza bongo chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa poizoni wosasefedwa ndi chiwindi, khunyu, khungu, kudzikweza, kusintha kwamakhalidwe, kupsa mtima, kugona mopitirira muyeso ngakhale kukomoka kudzawoneka.

Kuzindikira kwa chiwindi cha chiwindi

Kuzindikira kwa matenda omwe angayambitse chiwindi m'mphaka mwathu kumamalizidwa kudzera m'mbiri yabwino, kuwunika kwamankhwala, kuwunika magazi ndi biochemical, ultrasound ndi biopsies.

Kuyesa kwakuthupi

Panthawi ya anamnesis ndikuwunika feline, tiyenera kuwona ndikufunsa namkungwi za zizindikilo zamankhwala zomwe amapeza, kuwona momwe madziwo alili, malaya ake, mamina ake a mucosal kuti awone chithunzithunzi cha jaundice ndi thupi, komanso kugundana kwa nyama fufuzani ngati pali madzimadzi m'mimbamo osonyeza ascites. Jaundice ndi ascites ndi zina mwazizindikiro zakuchepa kwa chiwindi mu mphaka, zomwe ndizodziwika bwino za chiwindi kulephera.

kuyesa magazi

Kuwerenga kwathunthu kwa magazi ndi mphaka wamagazi amphaka kumachitika. Mmenemo ayenera kuyang'ana zolemba ndi magwiridwe antchito a chiwindi:

• Zizindikiro za matenda a chiwindi: kuwonjezeka kwa michere ALT ndi AST kumawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo m'chiwindi, ngakhale kuli kwakuti kumakhala ndi moyo wa maola ochepa mu mphaka, ngati sitikuwawona akuwonjezeka, palibe chifukwa choti musakhale ndi matenda a chiwindi. Kuwonjezeka kwa ma enzyme ALP ndi GGT kumabweretsa zowononga zambiri m'mitsempha ya bile ndi canaliculi, pomwe kuwonjezera GGT kokha kumabweretsa chiwindi chowonjezera.
• Zizindikiro zogwira ntchito pachiwindi: izi zimasinthidwa chiwindi cha chiwindi chikapita patsogolo, kukhala hyperbilirubinemia (kuchuluka kwa bilirubin), hypoglycemia (shuga wotsika), hypoalbuminemia (low albumin), hyper kapena hypocholesterolemia (kuchepa kapena kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol) komanso nthawi yowuma (chifukwa chakusowa kwa vitamini K) . Kuchulukitsa kwa bilirubin pakalibe hemolytic anemia kapena matenda am'mimba ndi chisonyezero chabwino cha kulephera kwa chiwindi, ndipo asanawonekere kuwonjezeka pakuwunika, amphaka nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi bilirubinuria (bilirubin mumkodzo) womwe nthawi zonse umakhala wamatenda amtunduwu. Ngati bilirubin ndiyabwino, chodziwika kwambiri komanso chodziwika bwino pozindikira kuti chiwindi chalephera amphaka ndi kuchuluka kwa bile acid panthawi yosala kudya komanso patadutsa maola awiri mutadya.

Kujambula Kuzindikira

Makamaka, njira yothandiza pazochitikazi ndi akupangam'mimba, ngakhale ndizofala kusapeza zosintha ngakhale paka ili ndi matenda a chiwindi. Nthawi zina, zotupa zapadera, chiwindi chokulitsa ndi hyperechoic parenchyma (zoyera m'chifanizo) chomwe chimaganiziridwa kuti ndi lipidosis, kukhathamira kwaminyewa ya bile yomwe imafotokoza cholangitis, kapena vascularization imatha kufufuzidwa kuti ipeze zovuta za portosystemic shunts.

chiwindi

Kuzindikira motsimikizika kwa matenda ambiri omwe amayambitsa matenda a chiwindi m'mphaka kumapezeka kudzera mwa kuphunzira kwa anatomopathological pochita biopsies. Komabe, ngati lipidosis itha kuzindikirika ndi njira zam'mbuyomu komanso singano ya cytology (FAP) ya singano, pomwe ma cell amafuta ambiri angawonekere, ngakhale akuyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti atha kukhala limodzi ndi matenda ena, osatero nthawi zonse zizikhala zotsimikizika, zomwe zimafunikira chidziwitso. Pomwe akuganiza kuti ali ndi cholangitis, bile imatha kupezeka munjira izi za cytology ndi chikhalidwe, osafunikira biopsy pakakhala neutrophilic cholangitis.

Chithandizo cha kulephera kwa chiwindi mu amphaka

Chithandizo cha kulephera kwa chiwindi mu amphaka ndi chovuta ndipo zidzatengera matenda kapena matenda omwe amakhala pamodzi ndi nyama. Zonsezi ziyenera kuthandizidwa makamaka zikapezeka padera komanso malinga ndi zizindikiritso. Pansipa, tilembere njira zingapo zochiritsira, kuphatikiza mankhwala amtundu wa chiwindi omwe angakuthandizeni kwambiri.

Chithandizo cha kwa chiwindi lipidosis

Kodi hepatic lipidosis mu amphaka imachiritsidwa? Lipidosis ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri omwe amayenera kupezedwa ndikuchiritsidwa msanga kuti apulumutse mphaka wathu, pokhapokha atha kuchiritsidwa. Thandizo lanu limakhazikitsidwa makamaka pa:

• zakudya zamkati ndi esophagostomy kapena nasogastric chubu (imakulitsidwa ndi 25% tsiku lililonse kufikira kcal tsiku lililonse lomwe katsamba amafunikira tsiku lachinayi).
• mankhwala madzimadzi ndi isotonic crystalloids yowonjezeredwa ndi potaziyamu, ngati kuli kofunikira.
• Zakudya zowonjezera mavitamini ndi mavitamini: taurine (kupewa kapena kuchiza olumala), L-carnitine (kukulitsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wamafuta acid) ndi mavitamini E (antioxidant), B ndi K (kuchitira coagulopathy chifukwa chakuchepa kwake).
• Ngati muli ndi vuto la kudwala kwadzidzidzi, liyenera kuperekedwa lactulose pakamwa kuphatikiza ndi maantibayotiki monga amoxicillin kapena metronidazole. Ndiwo njira zabwino kwambiri zochizira mavuto amchiwindi amphaka.
• Kuti mubwezeretse malo osungira a glutathione omwe amateteza ku ma oxidizing, ayenera kuperekedwa N-acetyl-cysteine pang'onopang'ono kudzera m'mitsempha. Antiemetics, gastric protectors, chilimbikitso chofuna kudya, ndi buprenorphine ayeneranso kuperekedwa kuti athetse ululu ngati pali matenda opatsirana.

Chithandizo cha neutrophilic cholangitis

Njira zoyenera kuperekera mankhwala ndi maantibayotiki, kwa masabata 4-6, ndi chikhalidwe cham'mbuyomu ndi ma antibiotic (cephalosporins, amoxicillin-clavulanic, fluoroquinolones, metronidazole). Ngati yankho silili labwino, liyenera kuwonjezedwa mankhwala. Kutengera kukula kwake, a chithandizo chothandizira ndi:

• Mankhwala amadzimadzi.
• Zakudya zabwino.
• Zakale.
• Ursodeoxycholic acid yolimbikitsa kutsekemera kwa biliary, koma bola palibe choletsa, kuwonjezera pa anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antifibrotic.
• Antioxidants monga S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe) ndi Vitamini E kuchepetsa nkhawa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda obwera chifukwa cha okosijeni.
• Zakudya zowonjezera mavitamini ndi mavitamini.

Chithandizo cha lymphocytic cholangitis

Maantibayotiki ndi prednisolone imayendetsedwa bwino (2-3 mg / kg / 24 maola) ndikuchepetsa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono malinga ndi kuyankha ndi chithandizo chothandizira chofanana ndi ma neutrophils. Ngati yankho la prednisolone silokwanira, njira zina zamphaka zitha kuwonjezeredwa, kuphatikiza ma immunosuppressants monga clrambucil.

Chithandizo cha matenda opatsirana

Mukakhala ndi matenda opatsirana, matendawa amayenera kuthandizidwa ndipo chiwindi cha paka chimatetezedwa ndi ma antioxidants (SAMe, vitamini E), amalandira ursodeoxycholic acid ndikuchiza matenda ndi antiemetics, mankhwala amadzimadzi, zolimbikitsa kudya kapena kudyetsa kwamkati, kuchepetsa kupweteka zakudya zowonjezera mavitamini.

Chithandizo cha zotupa za chiwindi

Pakakhala zotupa, ma protocol a chemotherapy ndinazolowera chotupacho, ndipo mu zotupa zochotseka, opaleshoni.

Chithandizo cha Portosystemic shunt

Chithandizo chomwe chikuwonetsedwa chidzakhala opaleshoni, koma sizimayenda bwino nthawi zonse ndipo choyamba pamafunika kuti ziziyenda bwino ndi maantibayotiki, lactulose komanso zakudya zopanda mafuta ambiri.

Tsopano popeza mukudziwa zisonyezo zakulephera kwa chiwindi m'mphaka komanso mukudziwa chithandizo chamankhwala abwino a chiwindi cha paka, mutha kukhala ndi chidwi ndi vidiyo yotsatirayi yokhudza matenda 10 ofala kwambiri mu felines:

Nkhaniyi ndi yongofuna kudziwa zambiri, ku PeritoAnimal.com.br sitingathe kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala kapena mtundu uliwonse wa matenda. Tikukulangizani kuti mupite ndi chiweto chanu kuchipatala ngati chili ndi vuto lililonse.

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Kulephera kwa Chiwindi Amphaka - Zizindikiro ndi Chithandizo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowetse gawo lina la zovuta zina.