Zamkati
- Kusamvana nchiyani?
- Mtengo wa mgwirizano
- Mitundu ya Mutualism
- Zitsanzo za Mgwirizano
- Mgwirizano pakati pa nyerere zodula masamba ndi bowa
- Mgwirizano pakati pa dzungu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
- Mgwirizano pakati pa chiswe ndi actinobacteria
- Mgwirizano pakati pa nyerere ndi nsabwe za m'masamba
- Mgwirizano pakati pa nyama zosasangalatsa ndi zomera
Pa ubale pakati pa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana kukhalabe imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zophunzirira sayansi. Makamaka, mutualism yaphunziridwa mozama, ndipo pakadali pano pali zodabwitsa kwambiri zakusinthana kwanyama zikuwonekabe. Ngati mpaka pano zimakhulupirira kuti panali zochitika momwe mtundu umodzi wokha umapindulira ndi winayo, lero tikudziwa kuti nthawi zonse pamakhala kubwererana mu ubale wamtunduwu, ndiye kuti, kupindula mbali zonse.
Munkhani iyi ya PeritoAnimalongosola, tidzafotokozera tanthauzo la mutualism mu biology, mitundu yomwe ilipo ndipo tiwonanso zitsanzo. Dziwani zonse za ubale wamtunduwu pakati pa nyama. Kuwerenga bwino!
Kusamvana nchiyani?
Mutualism ndi mtundu wamgwirizano. Mu ubalewu, anthu awiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana phindu za ubale wapakati pawo, kupeza china chake (chakudya, pothawira, ndi zina zambiri) zomwe sakanatha kuzipeza popanda mitundu ina. Ndikofunikira kuti musasokoneze mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano. THE Kusiyana pakati pa mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano amakhala kuti mutualism ndi mtundu wamalingaliro pakati pa anthu awiri.
Ndizotheka kuti chamoyo chilichonse padziko lapansi chimagwirizanitsidwa mwanjira ina ndi chamoyo china cha mitundu ina. Kuphatikiza apo, zikuwoneka kuti ubale wamtunduwu wakhala wofunikira m'mbiri ya chisinthiko, mwachitsanzo, anali zotsatira zakusinthasintha chiyambi cha khungu la eukaryotic, O kuoneka kwa mbewu pamwamba pa dziko lapansi kapena kusiyanasiyana kwa angiosperm kapena maluwa.
Mtengo wa mgwirizano
Poyambirira zimaganiziridwa kuti mgwirizano ndi kudzipereka ndi zamoyo. Masiku ano, zimadziwika kuti sizomwe zili choncho, komanso kuti kutenga kuchokera kwa winawake zomwe simungathe kupanga kapena kupeza kuli ndi mtengo wake.
Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira maluwa omwe amatulutsa timadzi tokopa kuti tikope tizilombo, kotero kuti mungu umamatira ku chinyama ndipo amabalalika. Chitsanzo china ndi cha mbewu zomwe zili ndi zipatso zokhathamira momwe nyama zosakhazikika zimatola zipatsozo ndikubalalitsa njerezo zikamadutsa m'mimba mwawo. Kwa mbewu, kupanga zipatso ndi zowonongera ndalama zambiri izo zimawapindulitsa iwo pang'ono mwachindunji.
Komabe, kuphunzira ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino zakukula kwa mtengo wake ndi ntchito yovuta. Chofunikira ndikuti pamitundu yazachilengedwe komanso pamasinthidwe, mutualism ndi njira yabwino.
Mitundu ya Mutualism
Pogawa m'gulu komanso kumvetsetsa bwino maubwenzi osiyana siyana mu biology, maubale awa afotokozedwa m'magulu angapo:
- Zovomerezeka pakuvomerezana ndikusankha mogwirizana: mkati mwa zamoyo zogwirizana pali mitundu yambiri momwe anthu akhoza kukhala ovomerezana momwe, popanda kupezeka kwa mitundu ina, singakwaniritse ntchito zake zofunika, komanso ogwirizana, omwe atha kupulumuka osayanjana ndi wina.
- Chiyanjano cha Trophic: Mgwirizano wamtunduwu, anthu omwe akutenga nawo mbali amapeza kapena amanyozetsa michere ndi ayoni omwe amafunikira kuti akhale ndi moyo. Nthawi zambiri, pamtundu wamtunduwu, zamoyo zomwe zimakhudzidwa, mbali ina, zimakhala nyama yopanda heterotrophic ndipo mbali inayo, ndi thupi la autotrophic. Sitiyenera kusokoneza mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano. Pakukhazikika, chimodzi mwazamoyo chimapindula ndipo china sichimapeza chilichonse kuchokera pachibwenzi.
- mutualism yodzitchinjiriza: kudzitchinjiriza kumachitika pamene m'modzi mwa anthu omwe adatenga nawo gawo apeza mphotho (chakudya kapena pothawirapo) poteteza mtundu wina womwe ndi gawo limodzi.
- Mgwirizano wogawanika: kudalirana uku ndi komwe kumachitika pakati pa nyama ndi masamba, kotero kuti nyama zimapeza chakudya ndipo, masamba, kufalikira kwa mungu wake, mbewu kapena zipatso.
Zitsanzo za Mgwirizano
Pakati pa maubale osiyana siyana pakhoza kukhala mitundu yofunikira yokhala mitundu yovomerezeka. Zitha kuchitika kuti panthawi imodzi pamakhala kuvomerezana kovomerezeka ndipo, munthawi ina, kumakhala kosankha. Zolumikizana zina (trophic, chitetezo kapena dispersive) zitha kukhala zovomerezeka kapena zosankha, kutengera ubalewo. Onani zitsanzo za mgwirizano:
Mgwirizano pakati pa nyerere zodula masamba ndi bowa
Nyerere zodula masamba sizimadya mwachindunji pazomera zomwe zasonkhanitsa, m'malo mwake, pangani minda kumalo awo amphesa kumene amaika masamba odulidwa ndipo pamenepo amaikapo mycelium ya bowa, yomwe idyetsa tsambalo. Bowa likakula, nyerere zimadya matupi awo azipatso. Ubalewu ndi chitsanzo cha mgwirizano wamagulu.
Mgwirizano pakati pa dzungu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Chitsanzo china chowoneka bwino chazogwirizana ndi cha nyama zowala. Nyama izi zimadyetsa udzu. Zakudya zamtundu uwu ndizovuta kwambiri wolemera mu mapadi, mtundu wa polysaccharide wosatheka kunyozetsa zinyama popanda mgwirizano wa zinthu zina. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala mu rumen onetsani makoma a mapadi kuchokera kuzomera, kupeza michere ndi kumasula zakudya zina zomwe zitha kupezedwa ndi nyama yowola. Ubale wamtunduwu ndi kuvomerezana, zoledzeretsa komanso mabakiteriya a rumen sangakhale popanda wina ndi mnzake.
Mgwirizano pakati pa chiswe ndi actinobacteria
Chiswe, kuti chiwonjezeko cha chitetezo cha chiswe chitetezeke, zimamanga zisa zawo ndi ndowe zawo. Mitumba iyi, ikamalimba, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe olimba omwe amalola kuchuluka kwa actinobacteria. Mabakiteriyawa amapanga cholepheretsa kuchuluka kwa bowa. Chifukwa chake, chiswe chimatetezedwa ndipo mabakiteriya amapeza chakudya, ndikupereka chitsanzo cha mutualism yodzitchinjiriza.
Mgwirizano pakati pa nyerere ndi nsabwe za m'masamba
Nyerere zina zimadya timadziti ta shuga tomwe timatulutsa nsabwezo. Pamene nsabwe za m'masamba zimadyetsa masamba, nyerere zimamwa madzi otsekemerawo. Ngati zolusa zilizonse zimayesa kusokoneza nsabwe za m'masamba, nyerere sizizengereza kuteteza nsabwe za m'masamba, gwero la chakudya chanu chachikulu. Ndi nkhani yodzitchinjiriza.
Mgwirizano pakati pa nyama zosasangalatsa ndi zomera
Mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa nyama zosakhutira ndi zomwetsazo ndiwolimba kwambiri kwakuti, malinga ndi kafukufuku wambiri, ngati zina mwa nyamazi zitha kapena kuchepa, zipatso za mbewuzo zimachepa kukula.
Nyama zosakanikirana zimasankha fayilo ya zipatso zokhala ndi minofu yambiri komanso zowoneka bwino, chifukwa chake, pamakhala kusankha zipatso zabwino kwambiri ndi nyama izi. Chifukwa chakusowa kwa nyama, zomera sizimabala zipatso zazikulu chotere kapena, ngati zitero, sipadzakhala nyama yomwe ingakondwere nazo, chifukwa chake sipadzakhala kukakamizidwa kuti chipatso ichi chikhale mtengo mtsogolo.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zina, kuti zipange zipatso zazikulu, zimafuna kudulira pang'ono zipatsozi. O Mgwirizano wogawanika ndizofunikira osati za mitundu yokhayo yomwe ikukhudzidwa, komanso zachilengedwe.
Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Mutualism mu Biology - Tanthauzo ndi Zitsanzo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.