Zamkati
Zinyama zonse, kuyambira pakubadwa, zimasintha, kusintha kwa thupi ndi kusintha kwa zinthu kuti zifike pokhala wamkulu. Ambiri mwa iwo, kusintha kumeneku kumangolekezera kukula kukula ya thupi ndi magawo ena a mahomoni omwe amayang'anira kukula. Komabe, nyama zina zambiri zimasintha kwambiri kotero kuti munthu wamkulu sawoneka ngati mwana, timakambirana za kusintha kwa nyama.
Ngati mukufuna kudziwa Kodi kusintha zinthu ndi chiyani, m'nkhani ino ya PeritoAnimalongosola tidzafotokoza mfundoyi ndikupereka zitsanzo.
tizilombo metamorphosis
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi gulu la metamorphic par excellence, komanso lofala kwambiri pofotokozera kusintha kwa nyama. Ndiwo nyama zotumphukira, zomwe zimabadwa ndi mazira. Kukula kwawo kumafunikira khungu kapena integument, popeza imalepheretsa tizilombo kukula kukula ngati nyama zina. Tizilomboto ndi a phylumhexapod, chifukwa ali ndi miyendo itatu.
Mu gululi mulinso nyama zomwe sizimasinthidwa, monga ziphuphu, kulingaliridwa ametaboles. Ndizo tizilombo zopanda mapiko (zomwe zilibe mapiko) ndipo kukula kwa ma embryonic kumakhala kosintha pang'ono, chifukwa kumangowonedwa:
- Kukula kwakumbuyo kwa ziwalo zoberekera;
- Kuwonjezeka kwa zotsalira zazinyama kapena kulemera kwake;
- Kusiyanasiyana kwakung'ono mofananira kwa ziwalo zake. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe achichepere amafanana kwambiri ndi achikulire, omwe amatha kusintha kangapo.
Mu tizilombo ta pterygote (chomwe chili ndi mapiko) pali zingapo mitundu ya metamorphoses, ndipo zimatengera kusintha komwe kumachitika ngati zotsatira za kusintha kwa thupi zimapangitsa munthu kukhala wosiyana kwambiri ndi woyambirira:
- kusintha kwa hemimetabola: kuchokera dzira amabadwa a nymph yomwe ili ndi zojambula zamapiko. Kukula kumafanana ndi wamkulu, ngakhale nthawi zina sizili (mwachitsanzo, ngati agulugufe). ndi tizilombo wopanda dziko la mwanaNdiye kuti, nymph amabadwa kuchokera mu dzira, lomwe, kudzera motsatizana molting, limadutsa molunjika pakukula. Zitsanzo zina ndi Ephemeroptera, agulugufe, nsikidzi, ziwala, chiswe, ndi zina zambiri.
- kusintha kwa holometabola: kuchokera dzira, mphutsi imabadwa yomwe ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi nyama yayikulu. Mphutsi, ikafika pamalo enaake, imakhala pupa kapena chrysalis zomwe, pokaswa, zimayambira munthu wamkulu. Uku ndiye kusintha komwe tizilombo tambiri timakumana nako, monga agulugufe, mphemvu, nyerere, njuchi, mavu, njenjete, kafadala, ndi zina zambiri.
- hypermetabolic metamorphosis: Tizilombo tokhala ndi hypermetabolic metamorphosis tili ndi Kukula kwa mphutsi yayitali kwambiri. Mphutsi ndizosiyana wina ndi mzake momwe zimasinthira, chifukwa amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Nymphs samakula mapiko mpaka atakula. Zimapezeka mu coleoptera, monga tenebria, ndipo ndichinthu chapadera pakukula kwa mphutsi.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo tisinthe, kuwonjezera pa kuti ayenera kusintha khungu lawo, ndikulekanitsa ana atsopanowo ndi makolo awo pewani mpikisano pazomwezi. Nthawi zambiri, mphutsi zimakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana kuposa achikulire, monga chilengedwe cham'madzi, komanso zimadyetsa mosiyanasiyana. Akakhala mphutsi, amakhala nyama zosadya nyama, ndipo akamakula, amakhala olusa, kapena mosemphanitsa.
Kusintha kwa Amphibian
Amphibians amakhalanso ndi kusintha kwa thupi, nthawi zina mochenjera kwambiri kuposa ena. Cholinga chachikulu cha kusintha kwa amphibian ndi chotsani ma gill ndikupanga malomapapo, kupatula zina, monga Mexico axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), yomwe muyezo wachikulire imapitilirabe ndi matumbo, china chake chomwe chimadziwika kuti a chisinthiko neoteny (kusamalira nyumba za achinyamata nthawi yayikulu).
Amphibians nawonso nyama oviparous. Kuchokera dzira limabwera ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kangakhale kofanana kwambiri ndi wamkulu, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi salamanders ndi newtts, kapena zosiyana kwambiri, monga achule kapena achule. THE chule kusinthidwa ndi chitsanzo chodziwika bwino kufotokoza amphibian metamorphosis.
Salamanders, pobadwa, ali kale ndi miyendo ndi mchira, monga makolo awo, komanso ali ndi mitsempha. Pambuyo pa kusintha, komwe kumatha kutenga miyezi ingapo kutengera mitundu, mitsempha imatha ndipo mapapo amakula.
Mwa nyama za anuran (amphibiya opanda mchira) monga achule ndi achule, kusintha kwa zinthu kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Mazirawo ataswa, a yaying'onomphutsi ndi mitsempha ndi mchira, palibe miyendo ndi pakamwa pokha pokha. Pakapita kanthawi, khungu limayamba kukula pamitsempha ndipo mano ang'onoang'ono amatuluka mkamwa.
Pambuyo pake, miyendo yakumbuyo imakula ndikupita ku mamembala kutsogolo, pamapezeka ziphuphu ziwiri zomwe pamapeto pake zimadzakhala mamembala. Mchigawochi, tadpole akadali ndi mchira, koma azitha kupuma mpweya. Mchira umachepa pang'onopang'ono mpaka utazimiririka, kupatsa chule wamkulu.
Mitundu ya metamorphosis: nyama zina
Osangokhala amphibiya ndi tizilombo tomwe timadutsa munthawi yovuta ya metamorphosis. Nyama zina zambiri zamagulu osiyanasiyana amisonkho zimachitanso kusintha kwa zinthu, mwachitsanzo:
- Cnidarians kapena nsomba zam'madzi;
- Anthu a ku Crustaceans, monga nkhanu, nkhanu kapena nkhanu;
- Urochord, makamaka ma squirts am'nyanja, atasinthasintha komanso kukhazikitsidwa ngati munthu wamkulu, amakhala nyama zosasunthika kapena zosayenda komanso amataya ubongo;
- Ma Echinoderms, monga starfish, urchins zam'madzi kapena nkhaka zam'madzi.
Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Kodi kusintha kwa zinthu ndi chiyani: mafotokozedwe ndi zitsanzo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.