Parasitism - ndi chiyani, mitundu ndi zitsanzo

Zamkati

• Kodi parasitism
• Mitundu ya parasitism
• Ubwino wokhala ngati tiziromboti
• Zoyipa zokhala ngati tiziromboti
• zitsanzo za parasitism

Parasitism ndi imodzi mwanjira zomwe zimafala kwambiri mu Animal Kingdom, pomwe 20% yamitundu yazinyama ndi tizirombo tazinthu zina.

Pali ma taxa opangidwa ndi zinthu zokhazokha, monga ma virus ndi acanthocephali (nyongolotsi za parasitic). Mitundu yamtunduwu imakhala mopweteketsa zamoyo zina, mwina kwa moyo wawo wonse kapena kwakanthawi kochepa.

Munkhaniyi ndi PeritoAnimal muphunzira tanthauzo la parasitism, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ilipo, komanso kumvetsetsa zabwino ndi zovuta za moyo uno komanso zitsanzo.

Kodi parasitism

Parasitism ndi mtundu wamatsenga omwe zamoyo zina zomwe zimakhudzidwa (wolandila) zavulazidwa, ndiye kuti, osalandira phindu lililonse ndipo zimawonongeka chifukwa cha chibwenzicho. Kumbali ina, tizilomboto timapeza mode kupulumuka muubwenzi uwu. Ubale wamtunduwu umapitilira mpaka m'modzi mwa awiriwa (tiziromboti kapena wolandila) atamwalira.

Pakati pa ubalewu, membala aliyense ndi wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Tiziromboti timakhala mwa alendo kuti tipeze chakudya, nthawi zambiri timagawo tomwe timapanga kuti tizipanga mapuloteni tokha, komanso timapezamo malo okhala, osakhala popanda iye.

Pazifukwa zonsezi, majeremusi ndi zinthu zomwe zimafunikira ubwenzi wapamtima komanso wopitilira (wa mtundu wina), womwe umamupatsa chakudya, michere yam'mimba kapena zida zake ndikulimbikitsa kuti apange kapena kuberekana.

Mitundu ya parasitism

Pali njira zingapo zogawa tiziromboti, pansipa tikuwonetsa odziwika kapena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:

mtundu wa taxonomic: taxonomically, majeremusi amadziwika kuti ndi ma phytoparasites akawononga zomera ndi zooparasites akamagwiritsa nyama. Mu parasitology, sayansi yomwe imafufuza tiziromboti, ndi ma zooparasites okha omwe amachiritsidwa.

Gulu malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kudalira komwe tizilomboto timakhala nako kwa wolandila:

• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: mitundu ya parasitic yomwe imatha kukhala ndi moyo wina kusiyapo ya parasitic.
• majeremusi ovomerezeka: ndi omwe sangakhale kunja kwa wolandirayo, chifukwa amadalira kwathunthu gawo lililonse la chitukuko.
• tiziromboti mwangozi: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timalakwitsa kuti tibwerere m'kati mwa nyama yomwe siyimanyamula ndipo imatha kupulumuka.
• majeremusi osasintha: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timakhala mkati mwa nyama nthawi zambiri timakhala m'chiwalo kapena minofu inayake. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timapezeka m'chiwalo chomwe sichimakhala nacho nthawi zonse chimadziwika ngati kachilombo kosasintha.

Gulu malinga ndi komwe kuli tiziromboti mkati mwa alendo

• zotha: Awa ndi majeremusi omwe amafunika kukhala mkati mwa wolandirayo, monga mtima, mapapo, chiwindi kapena malo am'mimba.
• ectoparasiti: amakhala mu alendo, koma osakhalamo. Mwachitsanzo, pakhungu kapena tsitsi.

Gulu malinga ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe tiziromboti timasungitsa wolandirayo kukhala wolumala:

• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osakhalitsa: gawo la parasitic ndi la kanthawi ndipo limachitika kokha pamwamba pa nyama (wolandirayo), osakhala mkati. Tiziromboti timadyetsa wolandirayo, khungu lake kapena magazi ake, mwachitsanzo.
• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi ndi nthawi: Tiziromboti timafunikira gawo limodzi la moyo wake (dzira, mphutsi, mwana kapena wamkulu) mkati mwa wolandirayo, pambuyo pake azikhala momasuka.
• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Tiziromboti tiyenera kukhala moyo wathu wonse mkati kapena kunja kwa wolandirayo kuti tipulumuke.

Ubwino wokhala ngati tiziromboti

Poyamba, nyama zomwe timadziwa masiku ano ngati majeremusi zinali ndi moyo waulere m'mbuyomu. Chowonadi chakuti panthawi ina chisinthiko nyama izi zidakhala ndi moyo wamasamba zimatipangitsa kuganiza kuti ayenera kulandira zabwino zina.

Ubwino woyamba womwe majeremusi amapeza ndi wa malo okhala. Nyama zili ndi njira zotetezera kudodoma mkati mwa thupi lake, zomwe zimapatsa tizilomboto mwayi wokhala m'malo omwe alibe kusinthasintha kulikonse.

Mbali inayi, ali ndi njira yosavuta yochitira gawani ana anu m'malo akulu mwachangu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tizilomboto titulutsa mazira kudzera mu ndowe za amene wakonza, timaonetsetsa kuti ana ake akulira kwina. Kwa tiziromboti, a chakudya nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi komanso amapezeka, chifukwa amadyetsa wolandila kapena gawo la chakudya chomwe amadya.

Zoyipa zokhala ngati tiziromboti

Sizinthu zonse zopindulitsa nyama zowononga. Chowonadi chokhala mkati mwa thupi chimapanga Ziphuphu zamatenda zili kutali, onse mlengalenga komanso munthawi, monga momwe azidzakhalira ndi anthu ena, chifukwa chake njira zoberekera ziyenera kupezeka kuti zigwirizane ndi majini.

Kawirikawiri, alendo safuna kukhala opanda ziweto, chifukwa chake amakhala odana ndi tiziromboti ndipo amayesetsa kuwachotsa zivute zitani, mwachitsanzo mwa kudzikongoletsa. Komanso, wolandirayo amatha kufa, chifukwa chake malowa sakhala kwamuyaya.

zitsanzo za parasitism

M'chigawo chino tikuwonetsa zina mwazodziwika bwino kwambiri komanso maubale omwe amapezeka kwambiri, omwe ambiri ndi zoonoses.

• THE coccidiosis Ndi matenda opangidwa ndi gulu la tiziromboti tochita kupanga tomwe tili m'gulu laling'ono la Coccidiasina. Coccidia amakakamizidwa ndi tiziromboti tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito tizilomboti, motero amafunika wokhala nawo kuti azikhalamo, ndipo sayenera kukhala mkati mwa nyama mokha, komanso mkati mwa maselo ake.
• THE echinococcosis kapena matenda a hydatid Ndi matenda ena owopsa omwe amadza chifukwa cha ubale pakati pa tiziromboti ta gulu la Cestoda ndi nyama, nthawi zambiri ng'ombe, ziweto kapena munthu. Cestoids ndi endoparasites ya gawo logaya m'mimba monga tapeworm. Mphutsi zawo zimatha kuyenda m'magazi kupita ku ziwalo zina, monga chiwindi, ndikupanga ma hydatid cysts.
• Nthata ndi nsabwe ndi zitsanzo zina zabwino za chiwonongeko. Poterepa, tizilomboto timakhala pa chinyama osati mkati mwake.

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Parasitism - ndi chiyani, mitundu ndi zitsanzo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.