Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mphaka adzuke ku dzanzi?

Mlembi: John Stephens
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 25 Jayuwale 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 19 Meyi 2024
Anonim
Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mphaka adzuke ku dzanzi? - Ziweto
Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mphaka adzuke ku dzanzi? - Ziweto

Zamkati

Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe mphaka amayenera kukhazika pansi kapena kusatenthedwa, chifukwa chankhanza kapena mantha kupita kuchipatala kapena kuchitira opaleshoni yaying'ono kapena ntchito zazikulu. mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi, makamaka wamba, ndi otetezeka kwambiri, mosiyana ndi zomwe aphunzitsi ambiri amaganiza, monga momwe amadziwira pakadali pano zamankhwala, kuchuluka kwa omwe adafa ndi aneshesia ndi ochepera 0,5%.

Koma Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mphaka adzuke ku dzanzi? Kodi mphaka amalingalira kuti amachira liti atachita opaleshoni? Munkhaniyi ndi PeritoAnimal, tikukufotokozerani chilichonse chokhudza anesthesia ndi sedation amphaka, zoyenera kuchita kale, magawo ake, zotsatira zake, mankhwala ndi kuchira kwake. Kuwerenga bwino.


Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mankhwala ogonetsa ndi ochititsa dzanzi

Anthu ambiri amasokoneza sedation ndi anesthesia, koma chowonadi ndichakuti, ndi njira ziwiri zosiyana. THE kukhalitsa Zimakhala ndimatenda apakati pomwe nyama zimagona tulo pang'ono kapena osayankha kuchitapo kanthu chakunja. Kumbali inayi, mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi.

Komabe, musanapereke mphaka wanu ku opaleshoni, veterinarian wanu adzakuuzani za kuyeza kusanachitike. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti muwone momwe thanzi la mnzanuyo alili ndikukonzekera njira yabwino yothetsera vuto lanu. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

  • Mbiri yonse yazachipatala (matenda omwe alipo kale ndi mankhwala)
  • Kuyesedwa kwakuthupi (zizindikilo zofunikira, zotupa za mucous, nthawi yowonjezeretsa capillary ndi thupi)
  • Kusanthula magazi ndi biochemistry
  • Kusanthula kwamkodzo
  • Electrocardiogram kuti muwone momwe mtima ulili
  • Nthawi zina, komanso ma radiographs kapena ultrasound

Kodi mphaka amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Nthawi yokhathamira ya paka imadalira mtundu wa njira zomwe zachitidwa, zomwe zimasiyanasiyana kutengera kutalika ndi kukula kwa njirayi komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa feline. Pofuna kuchepetsa mphaka, mankhwala osakaniza, opewetsa kapena analgesics atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, monga awa:


Phenothiazines (acepromazine)

Kodi mphaka amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji ndi phenothiazines? Pafupifupi maola 4. Izi ndizomwe zimatenga mphindi 20 kuti zichitike, koma ndi zotsatira za maola 4 pafupifupi. nyama iyenera kukhala mpweya ngati imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yokhazika mtima pansi chifukwa cha kukhumudwa kwamtima komwe imatulutsa. Amadziwika ndi:

  • Antiemetic (sayambitsa kusanza)
  • sedation yakuya
  • Alibe mdani, chifukwa chake mphaka amadzuka mankhwalawa atapukusidwa
  • Bradycardia (kugunda kwa mtima)
  • Kuthamanga (kuthamanga kwa magazi) mpaka maola 6 nthawi yonse
  • Osapanga analgesia
  • kupumula pang'ono kwama minofu

Alpha-2 agonists (xylazine, medetomidine ndi dexmedetomidine)

Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kukhazika pansi ndi alpha-2 agonists? Ndiwo mankhwala abwino omwe amatenga mphindi 15 kuti achitepo kanthu ndikukhala ndi nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi 2 hours. Ali ndi mdani (atipamezole), chifukwa chake akagwiritsidwa ntchito, adzawuka kwakanthawi kochepa osadikirira nthawi yofunikira mpaka kutha. Iyenera kukhala ndi mpweya chifukwa cha mtima wamtima womwe umatulutsa:


  • Kupumula kwabwino kwa minofu.
  • Kulimbitsa thupi pang'ono.
  • Zamatsenga (zimapangitsa kusanza).
  • Bradycardia.
  • Kutengeka.
  • Hypothermia (kutsika kwa kutentha kwa thupi).
  • Diuresis (kupanga mkodzo wambiri).

Benzodiazepines (diazepam ndi midazolam)

Kodi mphaka amakhala ndi benzodiazepines kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji? Kuyambira mphindi 30 mpaka maola awiri. Benzodiazepines ndizopumulira zomwe zimatenga mphindi 15 zokha zomwe zimakhala ndi wotsutsana (flumacenil) ndikupanga zotsatirazi:

  • kupumula kwamphamvu kwamphamvu
  • Zilibe mphamvu pa mtima wamitsempha
  • osakhazikika
  • Osapanga analgesia

Opioids (butorphanol, morphine, methadone, fentanyl ndi pethidine)

Kodi mphaka wokhala ndi ma opioid amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji? Pafupifupi maola awiri. Opioids ndi ma analgesics abwino omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi mankhwala othandizira kuti athandizire kukhazika mtima pansi kapena kukonzekera mphaka kuti achiritsidwe. Amakonda kukhumudwitsa malo opumira mtima ndipo ena, monga morphine, amakonda kutengeka. M'mbuyomu, amakhulupirira kuti ma opioid, monga morphine, amatsutsana ndi amphaka chifukwa chazomwe zimapangitsa. Masiku ano itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda mavuto, koma kukhalabe ndi mlingo, njira, dongosolo komanso kuphatikiza mankhwala, mavuto amabwera ngati atapitirira, ndikupangitsa dysphoria, delirium, kukondoweza kwamagalimoto komanso kugwa.

Kumbali inayi, pomwe butorphanol imatulutsa analgesia yocheperako ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu sedation kapena popangira mankhwala pamaso pa anesthesia wamba, methadone ndi fentanyl ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamtundu uwu kuletsa ululu pa opaleshoni chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yochuluka ya analgesic. Ali ndi wotsutsana kuti athetse zovuta zawo zotchedwa naloxone.

Chifukwa chake, kutalika kwa sedation kumadalira kagayidwe kake ndi dziko. Wapakati ndi pafupifupi 2 hours ngati sichingasinthe kukhala pansi ndi wotsutsana naye. Mwa kuphatikiza mankhwala awiri kapena kupitilira apo m'magulu osiyanasiyana, zimathandizira kukulitsa zomwe zingafunike pakuthandizira kwamankhwala, motero, kumachepetsa Mlingo ndi Zotsatira zoyipa. Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza kwa butorphanol ndi midazolam ndi dexmedetomidine nthawi zambiri kumakhala kothandiza kuthana ndi mphaka wamanjenje, wopweteka, wopanikizika kapena wankhanza pokambirana, ndikukhala ndi wotsutsana kumasintha zomwe zimachitika, kukhala wokhoza kubwerera kunyumba tulo kapena tulo pang'ono.

Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mphaka adzuke ku dzanzi?

mphaka amatenga nthawi yayitali ola limodzi, osachepera kapena maola angapo kudzuka ku dzanzi. Izi zimadalira momwe amachitira paka ndi thanzi la paka. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti njira zodzikongoletsera zimakhala ndi magawo anayi:

Gawo 1: kukonzekera

Cholinga chanu chachikulu ndikupanga fayilo ya "matiresi ochititsa dzanzi" Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala oletsa ululu pambuyo pake, kuchepetsa zovuta zoyipa zomwe zimadalira, kuchepetsa kupsinjika, mantha ndi kupweteka kwa mphaka. Izi zimachitika popereka mankhwala osakaniza osiyanasiyana, opumitsa minofu, komanso othandizira kupweteka komwe tidakambirana m'gawo lapitalo.

Gawo 2: kupatsidwa ulemu

Pogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wothandizira kupweteka, monga alfaxalone, ketamine kapena propofol kuti mphaka ataye mawonekedwe ake, motero, amalola kutsekemera (kuyika chubu mu trachea ya feline kuti ayambitse mankhwala oletsa kupweteka) kuti apitilize mankhwala oletsa kupweteka.

Magawo awa nthawi zambiri amakhala za 20-30 mphindi kwathunthu mpaka mankhwalawo atayamba kugwira ntchito ndikulola gawo lotsatira.

Gawo 3: kukonza

tichipeza kuyendetsa mosalekeza wa mankhwala oletsa kupweteka, mwina mwa:

  • Kutulutsa mpweya: (monga isoflurane) pamodzi ndi analgesia (opioid monga fentanyl, methadone kapena morphine) ndi / kapena mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito zotupa monga meloxicam omwe amathandizira kupweteka kwapambuyo ndi kutupa. Otsatirawa amathanso kuperekedwa kumapeto kwa dzanzi limodzi ndi maantibayotiki kupewa matenda omwe angabuke.
  • kudzera m'mitsempha: Propofol ndi alfaxalone mu kulowetsedwa kosalekeza kapena bolus mobwerezabwereza ndi opioid yamphamvu monga fentanyl kapena methadone. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake sikuvomerezeka kwa ola limodzi kapena awiri mu amphaka kuti mupewe kuchira pang'onopang'ono, makamaka ndi propofol.
  • Mitsempha: ketamine ndi opioid kwa maopaleshoni ochepa amphindi 30. Ngati pakufunika nthawi yochulukirapo, mlingo wachiwiri wa ketamine mu mnofu ungaperekedwe, koma osaposa 50% ya muyeso woyamba.

Kutalika kwa gawoli ndikusintha ndipo zidzadalira mtundu wa opareshoni zomwe mphaka wanu adzagonjetsedwa. Ngati ndi kuyeretsa, kuzungulira Ola limodzi; kuponyera, pang'ono pang'ono, monga kutenga ma biopsies; ngati mutagwira ntchito ku thupi lachilendo, monga ma hairballs, zimatha kutenga nthawi yayitali, ngakhale zitakhala zoopsa, zimatha maola angapo. Zimadaliranso ndi luso la dotoloyu komanso zovuta zomwe zingachitike pakuchita opaleshoni.

Gawo 4: kuchira

Mukamaliza opaleshoni, Kubwezeretsa kumayamba, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zachangu, zopanda nkhawa komanso zopanda ululu ngati njira, kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito amalemekezedwa. Muyenera kuwunika momwe mumakhalira nthawi zonse, momwe muliri, kutentha kwanu, ndipo pambuyo pake, zovuta zina monga kutentha thupi ndi kusanza, zomwe zitha kuwonetsa matenda. Nthawi zambiri, mphaka wamkulu wathanzi, wonenepa, katemera, ndi nyongolotsi akuchira mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi masiku awiri atatha kulowererapo komanso motsatizana kwake Patatha masiku 10.

Chifukwa chake, nthawi ya anesthesia imasiyanasiyana kutengera nthawi ya opareshoni, momwe nyama imakhalira ndi kagayidwe kake, maluso a dotolo, zovuta, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso nthawi yotsitsimutsa. Chifukwa chake, pokhudzana ndi funso loti nthawi yayitali amatenga mphaka kuti adzuke kuchokera ku anesthesia, yankho ndikuti oletsa dzanzi ena amakhala ola limodzi kapena kupitilira apo, ena amatha maola angapo. Koma osadandaula, ndi njira yolondola yokometsera ululu, analgesia, kuwongolera zovuta zofunika kutentha ndi woziziritsa matenda, khate lanu lidzakhala lotetezeka komanso osamva kuwawa kapena kupsinjika, mosasamala nthawi ya anesthesia.

Mphaka wanga sachira ku anesthesia

Nthawi yomwe nyama imatenga kuti ichiritse ku anesthesia imadalira kuchuluka kwa mankhwala, mtundu wa oledzera womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mphaka womwewo. Ngakhale khate lanu laling'ono lasala kudya asanachite opareshoni, limatha kukhala ndi ndulu kapena chakudya chotsalira m'mimba mwake kapena kumva kunyansidwa.

Osadandaula, sizachilendo ngati mankhwala a alpha-2 kapena ma opioid ena agwiritsidwa ntchito. Zimakhalanso zachizoloŵezi kuti mphaka atadzuka kupita kuseri kapena kusokonezeka popanda chifukwa, kutenga maola ochepa kuti adye, kapena kukodza kwambiri tsiku lomwelo kuti athetse madzi owonjezera omwe amaperekedwa ndi madzimadzi panthawi ya anesthesia. Mwachitsanzo, pakakhala kuchira kwa mphaka wosalowerera pambuyo pake, ndikofunikira kuti akhalebe malo otentha, amdima komanso chete.

nthawi zina amphaka zingatenge nthawi yayitali kuti mudzuke. Kumbukirani kuti amphaka ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi agalu m'njira zambiri. Mu anesthesia, sakanakhala ochepa. Makamaka, kuchepa kwa mankhwala amphaka kumachedwa pang'onopang'ono kuposa agalu, chifukwa zimatha kutenga nthawi kuti adzuke. Mphaka wanu zingatenge nthawi yayitali kuti achire pazifukwa izi:

Zofooka za Enzyme

Njira imodzi yofunikira kwambiri yopewera mankhwala kuti iwathetsedwe ndikumangika kwawo ndi glucuronic acid. Komabe, amphaka ali ndi glucuronyltransferase kuperewera kwa enzyme, ndani amachititsa izi. Chifukwa cha ichi, kupangika kwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi kumachedwa pang'onopang'ono mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira ina: sulfoconjugation.

Chiyambi chakuchepa uku kumapezeka pachizolowezi chodya cha felines. Kukhala okhwima okhazikika, sanasinthe kuti apange makina osinthira phytoalexin. Chifukwa chake, amphaka mankhwala ena (ibuprofen, aspirin, paracetamol ndi morphine) ayenera kupewedwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo wotsikirapo kuposa agalu, omwe alibe vuto ili.

Propofol ngati mankhwala oletsa kupweteka

Kugwiritsa ntchito propofol pokonza ngati mankhwala oletsa kupweteka kwa ola limodzi imatha kutalikitsa nthawi yobwezeretsa amphaka. Kuphatikiza apo, kubwereza kwa propofol ochititsa dzanzi mu feline kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa okosijeni ndikupanga matupi a Heinz (inclusions omwe amapangidwa m'magulu ofiira ofiira a magazi powononga hemoglobin).

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Amphaka amalemera pang'ono, makamaka ngati ali ochepa, chifukwa chake amatha kuledzera mosavuta ndikukula kwakanthawi, Kutenga nthawi yayitali kuti mugwiritse ntchito, kotero kuti asiye kuchita zomwe akuchita. Pazinthu izi, ndi omwe angatsutse okha omwe angawonetsedwe, koma kutengera izi Kudzuka kumatha kukhala kwadzidzidzi komanso kovuta. M'malo mwake, chizolowezi ndikuyesera kudzuka pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono, mothandizidwa, ngati kuli koyenera, zopumulitsako monga benzodiazepines.

Matenda osokoneza bongo

Hypothermia mu amphaka kapena kutsika kwa kutentha kwa thupi kumakhala kofala chifukwa chakuchepa kwawo ndi kulemera kwake. Kutentha kumachuluka, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa enzymatic function, kupititsa patsogolo kuchira ndi kudzuka ku dzanzi. Vutoli liyenera kupewedwa poyika zida zotetezera nyama ndikuziphimba ndi zofunda kapena kugwiritsa ntchito matebulo otenthetsa, kuthira madzi otentha, komanso kutentha kwa chipinda chozungulira 21-24 ºC.

Tsopano popeza mukudziwa kuti zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mphaka adzuke kuchokera ku anesthesia, kanemayu wosangalatsa amphaka angakusangalatseni:

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti mphaka adzuke ku dzanzi?, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.