Zamkati
- Kodi pali mitundu ingapo ya bakha?
- 1. Bakha wa pakhomo (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus)
- 2. Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
- 3.Mtsitsi wa Toicinho (Anas bahamensis)
- 4. Teal tiyi (Anas cyanoptera)
- 5. Bakha la Chimandarini (Aix galericulata)
- 6. Tchala Cham'mimba (Anas sibilatrix)
- 7. Bakha wamtchire (Cairina moschata)
- 8. Tchala cha buluu (Oxyura australis)
- 9. Bakha lamtsinje (Merganetta armata)
- 10. Irerê (Dendrocygna viduata)
- 11. Bakha la Harlequin (Histrionicus histrionicus)
- 12. Bakha Wambiri (Stictonetta naevosa)
- mitundu ina ya abakha
Mawu oti "bakha" amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kutanthauza mitundu ingapo ya mbalame za m'banja Anatidae. Mwa mitundu yonse ya abakha omwe amadziwika pano, pali mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yamankhwala, chifukwa iliyonse yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake mawonekedwe, machitidwe, zizolowezi komanso malo okhala. Komabe, ndizotheka kupeza zina mwazofunikira za mbalamezi, monga momwe zimapangidwira bwino momwe zimakhalira ndi moyo wam'madzi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti azisambira bwino, komanso kutanthauzira kwawo, komwe kumatanthauziridwa ndi onomatopoeia "quack".
Munkhaniyi ndi PeritoAnimal, tiwonetsa Mitundu 12 ya abakha omwe amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi ndipo tidzaulula zina mwazikhalidwe zawo zazikulu. Komanso, takuwonetsani mndandanda wokhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya abakha, tiyeni tiyambe?
Kodi pali mitundu ingapo ya bakha?
Pakadali pano, pali mitundu pafupifupi 30 ya bakha, yomwe imagawidwa m'magulu 6 osiyanasiyana: Okhazikika (kuliza abuluzi), Merginae, Oxyurinae (kubirira abakha), Sticktontinae ndiAnatinae (tawonedwa ngati banja laling'ono "par excellence" komanso ambiri). Mtundu uliwonse umatha kukhala ndi ma subspecies awiri kapena kupitilira apo.
Mitundu yonse ya bakha imagawidwa m'magulu awiri otakata: abakha oweta ndi abakha amtchire. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu Anas platyrhynchos zoweta amatchedwa "bakha woweta", womwe ndi umodzi mwamtundu wa abakha omwe amasinthidwa bwino kuti aziswana mu ukapolo ndikukhala ndi anthu. Komabe, pali mitundu ina yomwe yadutsanso, monga musk bakha, yomwe ndi subspecies zoweta za bakha wamtchire (Cairina Moschata).
M'magawo otsatirawa, tiwonetsa abakha akutchire ndi oweta ndi zithunzi kuti muwazindikire mosavuta:
- Bakha wanyumba (Anas platyrhynchos zoweta)
- Mallard (PAAnas dzina loyamba)
- Tiyi wa Toicinho (Anas Bahamensis)
- Carijó dzina loyambaAnas cyanoptera)
- Chimandarini Bakha (Aix galericulata)
- Ovalet (Anas sibilatrix)
- bakha wamtchire (Cairina Moschata)
- Tiyi Wotulutsa Buluu (Oxyura australis)
- Bakha la Mitsinje (merganetta armata)
- Irerê (Dendrocygna viduata)
- Bakha la Harlequin (histrionicus histrionicus)
- Bakha Wosunthika (Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
1. Bakha wa pakhomo (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus)
Monga tanenera, subspecies Anas platyrhynchos zoweta amadziwika kuti bakha wamba kapena bakha wamba. Zinayambira ku mallard (Anas dzina loyamba) kudzera munthawi yayitali yosankha mitundu yomwe idalola kuti pakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Poyambirira, chilengedwe chake chimapangidwa makamaka kuti nyama yake idye, yomwe yakhala yofunika kwambiri pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Kulera abakha monga ziweto ndi zaposachedwa kwambiri, ndipo lero beijing yoyera ndi amodzi mwamitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya bakha woweta monga chiweto, monganso bell-khaki. Momwemonso, mitundu ya bakha waulimi imakhalanso mgululi.
M'magawo otsatirawa, tiwona zitsanzo za abakha odziwika kwambiri, aliwonse omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso chidwi.
2. Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
mallard, yemwenso amadziwika kuti teal wamtchire, ndi mitundu yomwe bakha woweta adapangidwa. Ndi mbalame yosamuka yomwe imagawa zambiri, yomwe imakhala m'malo otentha a kumpoto kwa Africa, Asia, Europe ndi North America, osamukira ku Caribbean ndi Central America. Inayambitsidwanso ku Australia ndi New Zealand.
3.Mtsitsi wa Toicinho (Anas bahamensis)
Teicinho teal, yemwenso amadziwika kuti paturi, ndi amodzi mwa Mitundu ya abakha ochokera ku America, yomwe imawonekera poyang'ana koyamba chifukwa chodetsedwa kumbuyo ndi m'mimba ndi zidutswa zakuda zingapo. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ya bakha, matumba a buckthorn amapezeka makamaka pafupi ndi mayiwe amadzi amchere ndi madambo, ngakhale amatha kusintha matupi amchere.
Pakadali pano, amadziwana 3 subspecies ya buckthorn teal:
- Anas bahamensis bahamensis: amakhala ku Caribbean, makamaka ku Antilles ndi Bahamas.
- Anas bahamensis galapagensis: amapezeka ku zilumba za Galapagos.
- Anas bahamensis rubirostris: ndi subspecies yayikulu kwambiri komanso yekhayo amene amasamuka pang'ono, amakhala ku South America, makamaka pakati pa Argentina ndi Uruguay.
4. Teal tiyi (Anas cyanoptera)
Carijó teal ndi mtundu wa bakha wochokera ku America yemwe amadziwikanso kuti bakha wa sinamoni, koma dzinali nthawi zambiri limabweretsa chisokonezo ndi mtundu wina wotchedwa netta rufina, komwe ndi ku Eurasia ndi kumpoto kwa Africa ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe opatsirana pogonana. Marreca-carijó imagawidwa kontrakitala yonse yaku America, kuyambira Canada mpaka kumwera kwa Argentina, m'chigawo cha Tierra del Fuego, ndipo imapezekanso kuzilumba za Malvinas.
Pakadali pano, amadziwika Zigawo zisanu za marreca-carijó:
- Carijó-borrero marreca (Spatula cyanoptera borreroi): ndi subspecies yaying'ono kwambiri ndipo imangokhala m'mapiri aku Colombia. Chiwerengero chake chatsika kwambiri mzaka zapitazi, ndipo pakadali pano akufufuzidwa ngati atha.
- ZamgululiArgentina (Spatula cyanoptera cyanoptera): ndi mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri, yomwe imakhala kuchokera ku Peru ndi Bolivia kumwera kwa Argentina ndi Chile.
- ZamgululiAndean (Spatula cyanoptera orinomus): Awa ndiwo magawo am'mapiri a Andes, omwe amakhala makamaka ku Bolivia ndi Peru.
- Marreca-carijó-kuchita-ngehena (Spatula cyanoptera septentrionalium): ndiwo okhawo omwe amakhala ku North America kokha, makamaka ku United States.
- Zamgululikotentha (Spatula cyanoptera tropica): imafikira pafupifupi madera onse otentha aku America.
5. Bakha la Chimandarini (Aix galericulata)
Bakha la Chimandarini ndi amodzi mwamitundu yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ya bakha chifukwa cha mitundu yokongola yokongola yomwe imakongoletsa nthenga zake, popeza ndi ochokera ku Asia, makamaka ku China ndi Japan. zozizwitsa zogonana Amuna okha ndi omwe amawonetsa nthenga zokongola, zomwe zimawala kwambiri nthawi yoswana kuti ikope akazi.
Chidwi chosangalatsa ndichakuti, pachikhalidwe cha kum'mawa kwa Asia, bakha la chimandarini amawerengedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro chokomera chuma komanso kukondana. Ku China, zinali zachizolowezi kupatsa abakha awiri a Chimandarini kwa mkwati ndi mkwatibwi paukwati, kuyimira mgwirizanowu.
6. Tchala Cham'mimba (Anas sibilatrix)
Thumba la ovary, lomwe limadziwika kuti mallard, amakhala pakati ndi kumwera kwa South America, makamaka ku Argentina ndi Chile, ndipo amapezekanso kuzilumba za Malvinas. Pamene amasunga zizolowezi zosamuka, amayenda chaka chilichonse kupita ku Brazil, Uruguay ndi Paraguay kutentha kukayamba kumvekera ku Southern Cone ku America. Ngakhale amadya zomera zam'madzi ndipo amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi madzi akuya, abakha a octopus siabwino kusambira, kuwonetsa luso pankhani zouluka.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ndizofala kutcha bakha wakutchire, ndichifukwa chake sizachilendo kuti anthu ambiri amaganiza za bakha uyu akamva mawu oti "mall bakha". Chowonadi ndichakuti onse amawoneka ngati abakha a mallard, ngakhale ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.
7. Bakha wamtchire (Cairina moschata)
Abakha achilengedwe, omwe amadziwikanso kuti abakha achi creole kapena abakha amtchire, ndi ena mwamtundu wa abakha omwe amapezeka ku America, omwe amakhala makamaka m'malo otentha, kuyambira Mexico mpaka Argentina ndi Uruguay. Mwambiri, amakonda kukhala m'malo okhala ndi zomera zambiri komanso pafupi ndi matupi amadzi ambiri, osinthasintha mpaka mamita 1000 pamwamba pamadzi.
Pakadali pano, amadziwika Subpecies 2 za abakha achilengedwe, chimodzi chamtchire ndi china choweta, tiyeni tiwone:
- Cairina moschata sylvestris: ndi nyama zakutchire za bakha wamtchire, yemwe amatchedwa mallard ku South America. Amadziwika bwino kwambiri, nthenga zakuda (zomwe zimawala amuna ndi akazi owoneka bwino) ndi mawanga oyera pamapiko.
- moschata wapanyumba: Ndi nyama zoweta zotchedwa musk bakha, bakha wosalankhula kapena bakha wa creole. Adapangidwa kuchokera pakusankha mitundu yazachilengedwe zakomweko nthawi yam'mbuyomu ku Columbian. Nthenga zake zimatha kukhala zamitundumitundu, koma sizowoneka bwino ngati bakha wakutchire. Ndikothekanso kuwona mawanga oyera pakhosi, pamimba ndi pankhope.
8. Tchala cha buluu (Oxyura australis)
Teal yamitengo yabuluu ndiimodzi mwazinthu za Mitundu ya bakha yaying'ono osiyanasiyana lochokera ku Oceania, omwe akukhala ku Australia ndi Tasmania. Anthu akuluakulu amakhala pafupifupi 30 mpaka 35 cm ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'madzi amchere ndipo amathanso kukhala m'madambo. Zakudya zawo zimakhazikitsidwa makamaka pakumwa kwa zomera zam'madzi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapatsa mapuloteni pazakudya zawo, monga molluscs, crustaceans ndi tizilombo.
Kuphatikiza pa kukula kwake kocheperako poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya bakha, imadziwikiranso ndi mulomo wake wabuluu, wowonekera kwambiri pamitambo yakuda.
9. Bakha lamtsinje (Merganetta armata)
Bakha wamtsinje ndi amodzi mwamtundu wa abakha chikhalidwe cha mapiri okwera kwambiri ku South America, pokhala Andes malo ake achilengedwe ambiri. Chiwerengero chake chimagawidwa kuchokera ku Venezuela kumwera chakumwera kwa Argentina ndi Chile, m'chigawo cha Tierra del Fuego, kusinthasintha bwino mpaka kutalika kwa mamitala 4,500 ndikukonda kwambiri madzi amadzi ozizira, monga nyanja ndi mitsinje Andean , kumene amadyera makamaka nsomba zazing'ono ndi nkhanu.
Monga chowonekera, timawonetsa mawonekedwe azakugonana kuti mtundu uwu wa bakha umapereka, ndi amuna okhala ndi nthenga zoyera zokhala ndi mawanga ofiira ndi mizere yakuda pamutu, ndi akazi okhala ndi nthenga zofiira ndi mapiko otuwa ndi mutu. Komabe, pali kusiyana kochepa pakati pa abakha am'mitsinje ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana ku South America, makamaka pakati pa zitsanzo za amuna, ena amakhala akuda kuposa ena. Pachithunzipa pansipa mutha kuwona chachikazi.
10. Irerê (Dendrocygna viduata)
Irerê ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ya kuliza abuluzi, osati malo oyera okha pankhope pake, komanso chifukwa chokhala ndi miyendo yayitali. Ndi mbalame yokhazikika, yochokera ku Africa ndi America, yomwe imagwira ntchito makamaka nthawi yamadzulo, ikuuluka maola ambiri usiku.
Ku kontrakitala waku America timapeza anthu ochulukirapo, omwe amapitilira Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Colombia, Venezuela ndi Guianas, kuchokera ku akaunti ya Amazon ku Peru ndi Brazil mpaka pakati pa Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina ndi Uruguay. ali okhazikika m'chigawo chakumadzulo kwa kontinentiyo komanso mdera lotentha kumwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara.Pambuyo pake, anthu ena amapezeka kuti atayika m'mbali mwa Spain, makamaka kuzilumba za Canary.
11. Bakha la Harlequin (Histrionicus histrionicus)
Bakha la Harlequin ndi mtundu wina wa abakha ochititsa chidwi kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, pokhala mtundu wokhawo wofotokozedwa mkati mwa mtundu wake (Mbiri). Thupi lake ndi lokulungika ndipo mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino kwambiri ndi nthenga zake zowala komanso magawo ogawanika, omwe samangokopa azimayi okha, komanso kuti azibisala m'madzi ozizira, opanda madzi a mitsinje ndi nyanja ndi mitsinje komwe amakhala.
Magawo ake akuphatikizapo kumpoto kwa North America, kum'mwera kwa Greenland, kum'mawa kwa Russia ndi Iceland. Pakadali pano, Subpecies 2 amadziwika: histrionicus histrionicus histrionicus ndipo Histrionicus histrionicus pacificus.
12. Bakha Wambiri (Stictonetta naevosa)
Bakha wosakhwima ndi mtundu wokhawo womwe wafotokozedwa m'banjamo. alireza ndipo adachokera ku South Australia, komwe Kutetezedwa ndi lamulo chifukwa anthu ake akuchepa makamaka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa malo okhala, monga kuipitsa madzi komanso kupita patsogolo kwa ulimi.
Mwakuthupi, imadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa bakha wamkulu, wokhala ndi mutu wolimba wokhala ndi korona wosongoka ndi nthenga zakuda zokhala ndi mawanga ang'onoang'ono oyera, zomwe zimawoneka ngati ziphuphu. Maluso ake owuluka ndiwodabwitsa.
mitundu ina ya abakha
Tikufuna kutchula mitundu ina ya bakha yomwe, ngakhale sinatchulidwe m'nkhaniyi, ndiyosangalatsanso ndipo ikuyenera kuphunziridwa mwatsatanetsatane kuti timvetsetse kukongola kwa bakha zosiyanasiyana. Pansipa tikutchula mitundu ina ya abakha omwe amakhala padziko lapansi, ina imakhala yaying'ono kapena yaying'ono ndipo ina yayikulu:
- Bakha wamapiko wabuluu (Anasi sakugwirizana nazo)
- Tiyi Wofiirira (Anas georgia)
- Bakha wamapiko amkuwa (Anas specularis)
- Bakha Wachirengedwe (Anas specularoides)
- Bakha wa nkhuni (Aix sponsa)
- Tiyi Wofiira (Amazonetta brasiliensis)
- Mgwirizano wa ku Brazil (Merguso ctosetaceus)
- Collared Cheetah (Callonettaleu Cophrys)
- Bakha wamapiko oyera (Asarcornis scutulata)
- Bakha waku Australia (Chenonetta jubata)
- Bakha woyera kutsogoloPteronetta hartlaubii)
- Bakha la Eider Steller (Polysticta stelleri)
- Bakha la Labrador (Camptorhynchus labradorius)
- Bakha wakuda (nigra melanitta)
- Bakha wopera mchira (Clangula hyemalis)
- Bakha Wagolide-Eyed (Clancula bucephala)
- Merganser Wamng'ono (Mergellus albellus)
- Wophatikiza wa Capuchin (Lophodytes cucullatus)
- Bakha Wachizungu waku America (Oxyura jamaicensis)
- Bakha woyera woyera (Oxyura leucocephala)
- Bakha Woyera-waku Africa (Oxyura macacoa)
- Phazi-mu-bulu Teal (Oxyura vitata)
- Bakha Wachirengedwe (Sarkidiornis amatsuka)
Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Mitundu ya abakha, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.