Mitundu ya Shark - Mitundu ndi Makhalidwe Awo

Mlembi: John Stephens
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 28 Jayuwale 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 20 Novembala 2024
Anonim
Mitundu ya Shark - Mitundu ndi Makhalidwe Awo - Ziweto
Mitundu ya Shark - Mitundu ndi Makhalidwe Awo - Ziweto

Zamkati

Kufalikira kunyanja ndi nyanja zapadziko lonse lapansi, zilipo mitundu yoposa 350 ya nsombazi, ngakhale sichinthu chilichonse poyerekeza ndi mitundu yoposa 1,000 ya zinthu zakale zomwe tikudziwa. Sharki wakale adapezeka pa Earth Earth zaka 400 miliyoni zapitazo, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo, mitundu yambiri yazimiririka, ndipo enanso apulumuka kusintha kwakukulu komwe dziko lapansi lakhala likuchitika. Shark monga timawadziwa lero adawonekera zaka 100 miliyoni zapitazo.

Mitundu ndi kukula kwake komwe kunalipo kunapangitsa kuti nsombazi zigawike m'magulu angapo, ndipo m'maguluwa timapeza mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo. Tikukupemphani kuti mudziwe, m'nkhaniyi ya PeritoAnimal, pali mitundu ingapo ya nsombazi, mawonekedwe ake ndi zitsanzo zingapo.


Ma squatiniform

Mwa mitundu ina ya nsombazi, nsombazi mwa dongosolo la squatiniformes amadziwika kuti "angel shark". Gululi limadziwika kuti ndilopanda kumatako, kukhala ndi thupi lathyathyathya ndi zipsepse zopangidwa mwapamwamba kwambiri. Maonekedwe awo ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi skate, koma ayi.

O angel shark (Squatina aculeata) amakhala m'mbali mwa Nyanja ya Atlantic, kuchokera ku Morocco ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya kumadzulo kwa Sahara kupita ku Namibia, kudutsa Mauritania, Senegal, Guinea, Nigeria ndi Gabon kumwera kwa Angola. Amatha kupezeka ku Mediterranean. Ngakhale kukhala shark wamkulu kwambiri pagulu lake (pafupifupi mita ziwiri m'lifupi), mitunduyi ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chakutha chifukwa cha kusodza kwambiri. Ndi nyama zopatsa chidwi za aplacental viviparous.


Kumpoto chakumadzulo chakumadzulo kwa Pacific, timapezanso mtundu wina wa angel shark, the nyanja angel shark (Mbalame Tergocellatoides). Zochepa kwambiri zimadziwika za mtundu uwu, popeza pali mitundu yochepa yamakalata. Deta ina imasonyeza kuti amakhala pansi pa nyanja, mkati mwakuya pakati pa 100 ndi 300 mita, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amatengedwa mwangozi muukonde.

Ena Mitundu ya squatiniform shark ndi:

  • Angel wa kum'mawa shark (Squatin albipunctate)
  • Angel Shark waku Argentina (argentine squatina)
  • Chile shark shark (Squatina armata)
  • Angel Shark waku Australia (Squatina Australis)
  • Pacific Mngelo Shark (californiaica squatin)
  • Atlantic Mngelo Shark (Dumeric squatin)
  • Sharki wa ku Taiwan (squatina wokongola)
  • Mngelo waku Japan Shark (japonica squatina)

M'chithunzichi titha kuwona mtundu wa Japan angel shark:


Zojambulajambula

Dongosolo la Pristiophoriformes limapangidwa ndi anawona nsombaziMphuno ya nsombazi ndizotalika komanso zokhala ndi mapiko osanjikiza, chifukwa chake dzina lawo. Monga gulu lapitalo, ma pristiophoriformes alibe fin kumatako. Amafunafuna nyama yawo pansi pa nyanja, motero zida zazitali pafupi pakamwa, amene amateteza nyama yawo.

Ku Indian Ocean, kumwera kwa Australia ndi Tasmania, titha kupeza nsombazi shark (Pristiophorus cirratus). Amakhala m'malo amchenga, mwakuya pakati pa 40 ndi 300 mita, komwe amatha kupeza nyama yawo mosavuta. Ndiwo nyama za ovoviviparous.

Kuzama m'nyanja ya Caribbean, timapeza Bahama adawona nsombazi (Pristiophorus schroederi). Nyama iyi, yofanana kwambiri ndi yapita ija ndi ina ya sharki, imakhala pakati pa 400 ndi 1,000 mita kuya.

Zonsezi, pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yokha ya shark yotchedwa saw, ina inayi:

  • Nsomba za six-gill saw shark (Pliotrema warreni)
  • Chijapani saw shark (Pristiophorus japonicus)
  • Kumwera saw shark (Pristiophorus nudipinnis)
  • Kumadzulo Western shark (Pristiophorus delicatus)

M'chithunzichi, tikuwona a Japan anawona shark:

Zovala zazitali

Mitundu ya nsombazi mwa dongosolo la squaliformes ndi mitundu yoposa 100 ya shark. Nyama zomwe zili mgululi zimadziwika ndi kukhala awiriawiri asanu otseguka ndi ma gill, omwe ndi mapangidwe okhudzana ndi kupuma. Musakhale ndi nembanemba yonyenga kapena chikope, ngakhale ngakhale kumatako.

Pafupifupi nyanja ndi nyanja zonse padziko lapansi titha kupeza kapu (Echinorhinus brucus). Pafupifupi chilichonse chodziwika pa biology yamtunduwu. Amawoneka akukhala mozama pakati pa 400 ndi 900 mita, ngakhale apezekanso pafupi kwambiri. Ndiwo nyama za ovoviviparous, zochedwa pang'onopang'ono komanso zokulirapo kutalika kwa mita 3 m'litali.

Shaki ina ya squaliform ndi prickly sea shark (Oxynotus bruniensis). Amakhala m'madzi akumwera Australia ndi New Zealand, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Pacific komanso kum'mawa kwa India. Zakhala zikuwonetsedwa mozama kwambiri, pakati pa 45 ndi 1,067 mita. Ndiwo nyama zazing'ono, zomwe zimafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 76. Ndi aplacental ovoviviparous ndi oophagia.

Mitundu ina yodziwika ya squaliformes shark ndi iyi:

  • Pocket shark (Mollisquama parini)
  • Pygmy Shark wamaso ang'ono (Squaliolus aliae)
  • Shark Wotsitsa (Miroscyllium sheikoi)
  • Aculeola nigra
  • Scymnodalatias albicauda
  • Centroscyllium nsaluii
  • Centroscymnus plunketi
  • Velvet Shark waku Japan (Zamy Ichiharai)

Pachithunzichi titha kuwona mtundu wa nsomba yamaso yaying'ono:

Zowonjezera

Gulu ili limaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi 200 ya asaki, ndipo ina mwa iwo ndi odziwika bwino, monga nyundo shark (sphyrna lewini). Zinyama zomwe zili mndondomeko iyi ndi enanso akhala kale khala ndi chimbudzi. Gulu ili, limadziwikanso ndikukhala ndi mphuno yakuphwanthidwa, pakamwa patali kwambiri yomwe imafikira kupitirira maso, omwe chikope chake chakumunsi chimagwira ngati nembanemba yosokoneza komanso dongosolo lakugaya chakudya limakhala ndi mwauzimu matumbo vavu.

O Nsombazi (Galeocerdo cuvier) ndi imodzi mwamagulu odziwika kwambiri a shark, ndipo, malinga ndi ziwerengero za shark attack, ndiimodzi mwazomwe zimakonda kwambiri kugwidwa kwa nsombazi, komanso mutu wakutetemera ndi woyera shark. Nsombazi zimakhala m'nyanja zotentha kapena zozizira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Amapezeka pashelefu yapadziko lonse komanso m'miyala. Iwo ali viviparous ndi oophagia.

O cation wamlomo wamakristalo (Galeorhinus Galeus) amakhala m'madzi omwe amasamba kumadzulo kwa Europe, Western Africa, South America, gombe lakumadzulo kwa United States ndi gawo lakumwera kwa Australia. Amakonda malo osaya. Ndi mitundu ya aplacental viviparous shark, yokhala ndi malita pakati pa ana 20 mpaka 35. Ndi shaki zing'onozing'ono, zolemera pakati pa masentimita 120 mpaka 135.

Mitundu ina ya carcharhiniformes ndi:

  • Shark wam'madzi wam'madzi (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos)
  • Shark wamtundu (smithii leptocharias)
  • Harlequin nsombazi (Ctenacis fehlmanni)
  • Scylliogaleus quecketti
  • Chaenogaleus macrostoma
  • Hemigaleus microstoma
  • Shark wa Snaggletooth (hemipristis elongata)
  • Nsomba ya siliva (Carcharhinus albimarginatus)
  • Shark wabwino kwambiri (Carcharhinus perezi)
  • Nsomba za shark (Carcharhinus borneensis)
  • Shark wamanjenje (Carcharhinus cautus)

Zomwe zili pachithunzichi ndi nyundo shark:

mawonekedwe

Lamniform shark ndi mitundu ina ya nsombazi zomwe zakhala nazo zipsepse ziwiri zakuthambo ndi chimbudzi chimodzi chamkono. Alibe zikope zokopa, ali nazo mipata isanu yamagetsi ndi zotchinga. Valavu wamatumbo ndi woboola pakati. Ambiri amakhala ndi mphuno yaitali ndipo kutsegula pakamwa kumapita kumbuyo kwa maso.

Zachilendo nsomba (Mitsukurina owstoni) imagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi koma osagwirizana. Iwo sagawidwa mofanana panyanja. Ndizotheka kuti mtundu uwu umapezeka m'malo ambiri, koma zomwe zimafotokozedwazo zimachokera kuzogwidwa mwangozi m'maukonde. Amakhala pakati pa 0 ndi 1300 mita kuya, ndipo amatha kupitilira mita 6 kutalika. Mtundu wake wobereketsa kapena biology sadziwika.

O njovu shark (cetorhinus maximus) si nyama yolusa yayikulu monga nsomba zina m'gululi, ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri, yamadzi ozizira yomwe imadyetsa kusefera, imasamukira kwina ndipo imafalikira kwambiri m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja. Kuchuluka kwa nyama iyi yomwe imapezeka ku North Pacific ndi Northwest Atlantic kuli pangozi yakutha.

Mitundu ina ya nsomba za Lamniformes:

  • Ng'ombe shark (Taurus Carcharias)
  • Tricuspidatus carcharias
  • Shaki ya ng'ona (Kamoharai Pseudocarcharias)
  • Mlomo Wamkulu Shark (Megachasma pelagios)
  • Nkhandwe ya Pelagic shark (Alopias pelagicus)
  • Nkhandwe yayikulu yamaso (Alopias superciliosus)
  • Shark yoyera (Carcharodon carcharias)
  • Shark mako (Isurus oxyrinchus)

M'chithunzichi titha kuwona chithunzi cha peregrine nsombazi:

Orectolobiform

Mitundu ya Shaki ya Orectolobiform imakhala m'madzi otentha kapena ofunda. Amadziwika ndi kukhala ndi chotupa chakumapeto, zipsepse ziwiri zakuthambo zopanda msana, kamwa kakang'ono mokhudzana ndi thupi, ndi mphuno (ofanana ndi maphuno amphuno) omwe amalumikizana ndi pakamwa, chimbudzi chachifupi, pamaso pomwe. Pali mitundu makumi atatu ndi itatu ya orectolobiform shark.

O Whale shark (rhincodon typus) amakhala m'malo onse otentha, otentha komanso ofunda, kuphatikiza ku Mediterranean. Amapezeka kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pafupifupi 2,000 mita yakuya. Amatha kutalika kwa 20 mita ndikulemera matani oposa 42. Nthawi yonse ya moyo wake, whale shark imadyetsa nyama zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwake. Pamene ikukula, nyamayo imakulanso.

Pamphepete mwa gombe la Australia, pamadzi osaya (osakwana 200 mita), titha kupeza nsombazi shark (Chabuka Amiranashvili. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'miyala yamiyala yamiyala kapena m'malo amiyala, momwe amatha kubisalamo. Ndi nyama zakutchire, zimangobwera pobisalira. Ndi mtundu wa viviparous wokhala ndi oophagia.

Mitundu ina ya orectolobiform shark:

  • Cirrhoscyllium expolitum
  • Parascyllium ferruginum
  • Chiloscyllium arabicum
  • Bamboo Grey Shark (Chiloscyllium griseum)
  • Shark wakhungu (brachaelurus waddi)
  • Nebrius wosakhazikika
  • Mbidzi Shark (Stegostoma fasciatum)

Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa mtundu wa nsombazi shark:

Heterodontiform

Mitundu ya heterodontiform shark ndi nyama zazing'ono, ali ndi msana kumapeto kwake, ndi kumapeto kwake. Pamaso pake ali ndi kachilombo, ndipo alibe kachipangizo kolakwika. Amakhala ndi ma gill asanu, atatu a iwo pazipsepse zam'mimba. Khalani nawo mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya mano, chakutsogolo ndikuthwa komanso kozungulira, pomwe kumbuyo kumakhala kopanda kanthu komanso kotakata, kumagaya chakudya. Ndiwo nsombazi oviparous.

O nyanga shark (Heterodontus francisci) ndi imodzi mwa mitundu 9 yomwe ilipo ya nsomba izi. Amakhala m'mbali zonse zakumwera kwa California, ngakhale mitunduyo imafikira ku Mexico. Amapezeka pansi pa mamita 150, koma sizachilendo kupezeka pakati pa 2 ndi 11 mita kuya.

Kumwera kwa Australia, ndi Tanzania, kumakhala doko jackson shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni). Monga sharki zina za heterodontiform, zimakhala m'madzi apamtunda ndipo zimapezeka mpaka 275 mita kuya. Imakhalanso usiku, ndipo masana imabisala m'miyala yamiyala yamiyala kapena m'malo amiyala. Amayeza pafupifupi masentimita 165 m'litali.

Mitundu ina ya heterodontiform shark ndi iyi:

  • Crested shark mutu (Heterodontus Galeatus)
  • Japan nyanga shark (Heterodontus japonicus)
  • Nyanga yaku Mexico yotchedwa shark (Heterodontus mexicanus)
  • Horn horn ya shark (Heterodontus omanensis)
  • Galapagos Nyanga Shark (Heterodontus quoyi)
  • African nyanga shark (Mphasa heteroodontus)
  • Shark wa Zebrahorn (mbidzi heteroodontus)

Yesani: Zinyama 7 zapamadzi zapadziko lonse lapansi

Shark pachithunzichi ndi chitsanzo cha nyanga shark:

Hexanchiforms

Timaliza izi pamitundu ya nsombazi ndi ma hexanchiformes. Dongosolo ili la nsombazi limaphatikizapo Mitundu yambiri yazamoyo, omwe ali asanu ndi mmodzi okha. Amadziwika kuti amakhala ndi dorsal fin imodzi yokhala ndi msana, mabowo asanu ndi limodzi kapena asanu ndi awiri osatseguka m'maso.

O njoka nsomba kapena eel shark​ (Chlamydoselachus anguineus) amakhala m'nyanja za Atlantic ndi Pacific m'njira yovuta kwambiri. Amakhala pamtunda wokwanira mamita 1,500, komanso osachepera 50 metres, ngakhale amapezeka pakati pa 500 ndi 1,000 metres. Ndi mtundu wa viviparous, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti ukhoza kutenga pakati pa 1 ndi 2 zaka.

O Shark wang'ombe wamaso akulu (Hexanchus Nakamurai) imafalikira ponseponse panyanja zotentha kapena zotentha, koma monga momwe zinalili m'mbuyomu, kufalitsa kwake kumakhala kopitilira muyeso. Ndi mtundu wamadzi akuya, pakati pa 90 ndi 620 mita. Nthawi zambiri amakhala masentimita 180 kutalika. Amakhala ovoviviparous ndipo amakhala pakati pa ana 13 ndi 26.

Shaki zina za hexanchiform ndi izi:

  • South Africa eel shark (African Chlamydoselachus)
  • Shaki-seveni shark (Heptanchia perlo)
  • Sharku wa shark (Hexanchus griseus)
  • Mfiti ya mfiti (Notorynchus cepedianus)

Werenganinso: Nyama 5 zowopsa kwambiri zam'madzi padziko lapansi

Pachithunzicho, buku la nsombazi kapena eel shark:

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Mitundu ya Shark - Mitundu ndi Makhalidwe Awo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.