Zamkati
- Momwe mungadziwire ngati njokayo ili ndi poyizoni
- Mitundu ya njoka zopanda poizoni
- Njoka za banja la Colubridae: colubrids
- njoka zaku America
- Njoka za banja la Boidae: mimbulu
- Njoka za banja la Lamprophiidae
Njoka ndi zokwawa za mu dongosolo squamata. Nsagwada zawo zakumunsi zimangogwirizanitsidwa pamodzi ndi minofu ndi khungu. Izi, komanso kuyenda kwa chigaza chawo, zimawathandiza kumeza nyama zazikulu. Mwina ndicho chifukwa chake anthu ena amawaopa.
Khalidwe lina lowopsa la njoka ndi poizoni wawo. Komabe, ambiri samakhala ndi poyizoni ndipo amangowukira ngati akuwopsezedwa ndi kupezeka kwathu. Ngakhale zili choncho, sizovuta kudziwa ngati njoka ili ndi poizoni kapena ayi. Munkhaniyi ndi PeritoAnimalankhula za mitundu ya njoka zopanda poizoni ndikuphunzitsa momwe mungazizindikirire.
Momwe mungadziwire ngati njokayo ili ndi poyizoni
Pali mitundu yambiri ya njoka, ina ili ndi poizoni ndipo ina yopanda poizoni. Njoka zopanda poizoni zimameza nyama zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo, chifukwa chake zimakonda kusaka nyama zazing'ono monga makoswe kapena tizilombo. Njoka zina zimatha kuukira nyama zazikuluzikulu. Kuti achite izi, amawatenthetsa ndi poizoni yemwe amalepheretsa kapena kuwapha. Ngati akumva kuwaukira, amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito poizoniyu kudziteteza kwa anthu. Komabe, cmomwe mungadziwire ngati njoka ili ndi poizoni?
Chowonadi ndichakuti palibe njira yodziwira ngati njokayo ili ndi poizoni, ngakhale pali zina zomwe zingatipatse chidziwitso:
- zizolowezi: Njoka zowopsa nthawi zambiri zimakhala usiku, pomwe njoka zopanda poizoni nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosintha nthawi zina.
- mano: Njoka zapoizoni zimakhala ndi zibowo zoboola pakati kapena nsagwada mkati mwa nsagwada, zomwe ntchito yake ndiyo kubaya njoka. Njoka zopanda poizoni, komabe, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda mano ndipo, ngati zikuwonekera, zimakhala pambuyo pake.
- mawonekedwe amutu: Njoka zaululu nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mutu wamakona atatu, chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa chigaza chawo. Njoka zopanda chiwopsezo, komano, zimakhala ndi mutu wokulirapo.
- Ophunzira: Njoka zopanda poizoni zatha ophunzira. Gawo ili la diso, komabe, nthawi zambiri limakhala lalitali ngati njoka zapoizoni.
- Maenje a Thermoreceptor ndi khosi: Vipers, banja lofala kwambiri la njoka zapoizoni, ali ndi dzenje pakati pa maso ndi mphuno zomwe zimawalola kuti azindikire kutentha kwa nyama yawo. Komanso, makosi awo ndi ocheperako kuposa matupi awo onse.
Nthawi zambiri, malamulowa sagwira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, sitiyenera kupenda izi zokha. Njira yabwino yodziwira ngati njoka ili ndi poizoni kapena ayi ndikudziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana mwatsatanetsatane.
Dziwani njoka zoopsa kwambiri ku Brazil m'nkhani ina iyi.
Mitundu ya njoka zopanda poizoni
Pali mitundu yoposa 3,000 yodziwika ya njoka padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi 15% yokha yomwe ili ndi poizoni, chifukwa momwe mungaganizire pali mitundu yambiri ya njoka zopanda poizoni. Ndicho chifukwa chake, m'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za mitundu yofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiunikire mitundu yotsatirayi:
- colubrids
- Mabwato
- Njoka yamakoswe
Anthu ambiri akuyang'ana njoka zopanda poizoni kuti azikhala nazo kunyumba, komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nyamazi zimafunikira chisamaliro chachikulu komanso malo oyenerera bwino. Chifukwa chake, sikoyenera kukhala ndi njoka, ngakhale itakhala yopanda poizoni, osakhala ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kutero. Koposa zonse, tiyenera kukumbukira thanzi la nyama ndi anthu omwe amakhala mnyumbamo.
Njoka za banja la Colubridae: colubrids
Colloquially, njoka zonse zopanda poizoni zimatchedwa colubrids. Komabe, mu biology, ndi dzina lomwe limaperekedwa kwa njoka m'banja colubridae.
Colubrids amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe amiyeso yawo, ana awo ozungulira komanso kukula kocheperako. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitundu ya azitona kapena ya bulauni yomwe imawathandiza kubisala. Ambiri amasintha nthawi, alibe poyizoni ndipo alibe mano. kumene kulipo kusiyanitsa zambiri kuzinthu zonsezi.
njoka zaku America
Ku South ndi Central America, mtunduwo chironius (njoka ya mpesa) ndi zochuluka kwambiri. Odziwika kwambiri ndi Chironius monticola, yogawidwa m'mapiri a Andes, ndipo ndi imodzi mwamitundu ya njoka zopanda poizoni. Ndi njoka yolusa kwambiri, ngakhale ilibe vuto lililonse.
njoka zamtunduwu kutuloji Amadziwikiranso ku South America ndipo amaonekera kwambiri chifukwa cha utoto wofiira kwambiri wamthupi, womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi timagulu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala pamutu pake. Nsonga ya mchira wake ndiyonso yakuda, ndikuipatsa mawonekedwe osazolowereka pakati pa njoka zopanda poizoni.
Njoka yofiira ina imadziwika miyala yabodza (Erythrolamprus aesculapii). Thupi lake lofiira limakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera kutalika kwake konse. Mitunduyi ikufanana kwambiri ndi njoka zamakorali, zomwe ndi zoyipa komanso za banja elapidae.
Njoka za banja la Boidae: mimbulu
Mitengo ndi gulu la mitundu ya banja boidae. Mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amaganiza, si njoka zapoizoni. The poyizoni sikoyenera kwa iwo, monga iwo ipha nyama yawo mwa kupotokola. Kukula kwawo kwakukulu ndi mphamvu zawo zimawalola kupondereza omwe adawazunza mpaka kufa chifukwa chobanika.
Kukhoza kupha nyama yawo mwa kupinimbiritsa kumalola nyama kudya nyama zazikulu kwambiri. Ambiri amapanganso kusaka nyama zazikulu monga agwape kapena akambuku.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri m'banja ili ndi wabwino constrictor, njoka yomwe ilipo pafupifupi m'maiko onse aku America ndipo ili m'gulu la njoka zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Imatha kutalika mpaka mamita anayi ndipo mtundu wake ndi bulauni, wobiriwira, wofiira kapena wachikasu, kutengera malo omwe abisalamo.
Njoka za banja la Lamprophiidae
Banja Lamprophiidae Pali mitundu yambiri ya njoka zopanda poizoni, zambiri zomwe zimakhala ku Africa kapena zomwe zimapezeka ku Madagascar. Komabe, pali mtundu umodzi wokhala ndi kupezeka kwakukulu ku Europe. Ndipo fayilo ya Njoka yamakoswe (Malpolon monspessulanus).
Ngakhale njokayi imapha nyama yake chifukwa cha poyizoni, siyowopsa kwa anthu motero siimadziwika kuti ndi ya poizoni. Komabe, njokayi imatha kukhala yayikulu kwambiri ndipo ikawona kuti ikuwopsezedwa, imakhala yankhanza. Ikasokonezedwa, imadzuka ngati njoka yankhuku ndi mluzu. Chifukwa chake, ndi mtundu womwe umazunzidwa kwambiri ndi anthu.
Komabe, imodzi mwazomwe amakonda kwambiri njoka yamakoswe ndi khoswe wamtchire (Microtus arvalis). Nyama zazing'onozi nthawi zambiri zimakhala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amawononga mbewu. Pofuna kupewa izi, ndikofunikira kulemekeza kupezeka kwa njoka.
Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Mitundu ya njoka zopanda poizoni, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.