Mitundu ya Ma Dinosaurs Omwe Adakhalapo - Mawonekedwe, Mayina ndi Zithunzi

Mlembi: Peter Berry
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 18 Kulayi 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 14 Novembala 2024
Anonim
Mitundu ya Ma Dinosaurs Omwe Adakhalapo - Mawonekedwe, Mayina ndi Zithunzi - Ziweto
Mitundu ya Ma Dinosaurs Omwe Adakhalapo - Mawonekedwe, Mayina ndi Zithunzi - Ziweto

Zamkati

ma dinosaurs ndi gulu la zokwawa zomwe zinawonekera zaka 230 miliyoni zapitazo. Nyama izi zimasiyanasiyana mu Mesozoic, ndikupangitsa mitundu yambiri ya ma dinosaurs, yomwe idalamulira dziko lonse lapansi ndikulamulira Dziko Lapansi.

Chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana uku, nyama zamitundu yonse, mawonekedwe ndi zizolowezi zodyera zidatulukira, zokhala mdziko lapansi komanso mlengalenga. mukufuna kukumana nawo? Chifukwa chake musaphonye nkhani iyi ya PeritoAnimal yokhudza mitundu ya ma dinosaurs omwe analipo: mawonekedwe, mayina ndi zithunzi.

Makhalidwe a Dinosaur

Dinosauria wamkulu ndi gulu la nyama zosaoneka bwino zomwe zidawonekera nthawi ya Cretaceous, pafupifupi zaka 230-240 miliyoni zapitazo. Pambuyo pake adakhala nyama zazikulu zapamtunda a Mesozoic. Izi ndi zina mwa ma dinosaurs:


  • msonkho: ma dinosaurs ndi zinyama za gulu la Sauropsida, monga zokwawa zonse ndi mbalame. Pakati pa gululi, amadziwika kuti ndi ma diapids, popeza ali ndi mipata iwiri yakanthawi kochepa, mosiyana ndi akamba (anapsids). Kuphatikiza apo, ndi akatswiri, monga ng'ona amakono ndi ma pterosaurs.
  • Kukula: kukula kwa ma dinosaurs kumasiyana kuyambira masentimita 15, pakagwa ma theopods ambiri, mpaka 50 metres m'litali, pankhani yazomera zazikuluzikulu.
  • Anatomy: mawonekedwe a m'chiuno mwa zokwawa izi amawalola kuti aziyenda moongoka, thupi lonse litathandizidwa ndi miyendo yolimba kwambiri pansi pa thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa mchira wolemera kwambiri kumayanjanitsa kwambiri ndipo, nthawi zina, kumalola kupindika.
  • Kagayidwe: ma dinosaurs ambiri omwe analipo akanatha kukhala ndi metabolism yayikulu komanso endothermia (magazi ofunda), ngati mbalame. Ena, komabe, amakhala pafupi ndi zokwawa zamakono ndipo amakhala ndi ectothermia (magazi ozizira).
  • kubereka: Zinali nyama zozungulira ndipo zimamanga zisa momwe amasamalira mazira awo.
  • chikhalidwe: zina anapeza kuti ma dinosaurs ambiri amapanga ziweto ndikusamalira ana a aliyense. Zina, komabe, zimakhala nyama zokhazokha.

Kudyetsa dinosaur

Mitundu yonse ya ma dinosaurs yomwe idalipo amakhulupirira kuti idachokera zokwawa zokwawa zakuda. Ndiye kuti, ma dinosaurs akale kwambiri amatha kudya nyama. Komabe, ndi kusiyanasiyana kotereku, panali ma dinosaurs okhala ndi mitundu yonse yazakudya: generalist herbivores, insectivores, piscivores, frugivores, folivores ...


Monga momwe tionere, mwa okongoletsa komanso akatswiriwa munali mitundu yambiri ya ma dinosaurs odyetsa. Komabe, ambiri omwe adadya nyama anali m'gulu la saurisch.

Mitundu ya Ma Dinosaurs Omwe Adakhalako

Mu 1887, Harry Seeley adatsimikiza kuti ma dinosaurs atha kugawidwa magulu awiri akulu, zomwe zikugwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano, ngakhale pali kukayikira ngati zilidi zolondola kwambiri. Malinga ndi paleontologist uyu, awa ndi mitundu ya ma dinosaurs omwe adalipo:

  • Ornithischians (Ornithischia): Amadziwika kuti ma dinosaurs a m'chiuno mwapakhungu chifukwa mawonekedwe ake amphako anali amakona anayi. Khalidwe ili chifukwa cha malo ake otsegulira moyang'ana kumbuyo kwa thupi. Onse okonzekera kutha adatayika pakutha kwachitatu.
  • A Saurischiya (Saurischia): ndi ma dinosaurs okhala ndi ntchafu za abuluzi. Malo ake otsegulira, mosiyana ndi m'mbuyomu, anali wolunjika kudera lamisala, chifukwa chiuno chake chinali ndi mawonekedwe amakona atatu. Asayansi ena adapulumuka chiwonongeko chachitatu chachikulu: makolo a mbalame, omwe masiku ano amadziwika kuti ndi gulu la dinosaur.

Mitundu ya ma dinosaurs ornithischian

Ma dinosaurs ornithischian anali onse odyetserako ziweto ndipo titha kuwagawa magawo awiri: thyrophores ndi neornithyschia.


Ma dinosaurs akumtunda

Mwa mitundu yonse ya ma dinosaurs omwe adakhalapo, mamembala a suborder Thyreophora mwina ali osadziwika kwambiri. Gululi limaphatikizapo ma bipedal (oyambilira kwambiri) komanso ma dinosaurs amtundu wa quadrupedal herbivorous. Ndikukula kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe ake akulu ndi kupezeka kwa zida zankhondokubwerera, wokhala ndi zokongoletsa zamtundu uliwonse, monga minga kapena mbale zamfupa.

Zitsanzo za Thyrophores

  • Chialingosaurus: anali ma dinosaurs aatali mita 4 okutidwa ndi mbale zamathambo ndi minga.
  • Ankylosaurus: Dinosaur iyi yokhala ndi zida zankhondo pafupifupi 6 mita kutalika kwake ndipo inali ndi chibonga mchira wake.
  • Scelidosaurus: ndi ma dinosaurs okhala ndi mutu wawung'ono, mchira wautali kwambiri komanso kumbuyo wokutidwa ndi zishango zamathambo.

Ma dinosaurs a Neornithischian

Suborder Neornithischia ndi gulu la ma dinosaurs omwe amadziwika kuti amakhala ndi mano akuthwa ndi ma enamel akuda, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti anali odziwika podyetsa mbewu zolimba.

Komabe, gululi ndi losiyana kwambiri ndipo limaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri ya ma dinosaurs omwe adalipo. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiwone zokambirana za mitundu ina yoyimira.

zitsanzo za neornithischians

  • Iguanodoni: ndiye woyimira wodziwika bwino wa infraorder Ornithopoda. Ndi dinosaur yamphamvu kwambiri yokhala ndi miyendo yolimba komanso nsagwada zamphamvu. Nyama izi zimatha kufika mamita 10, ngakhale mitundu ina yazinyama zinali zazing'ono kwambiri (1.5 mita).
  • Pachycephalosaurus: monga ena onse a infraorder Pachycephalosauria, dinosaur iyi inali ndi chipinda chowoneka bwino. Amakhulupirira kuti akadatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito poukira anthu ena amtundu womwewo, monga ng'ombe za musk masiku ano.
  • Zamgululi: mtundu uwu wa infraorder Ceratopsia unali ndi nsanja yam'mbuyo yam'mbuyo ndi nyanga zitatu kumaso. Anali ma dinosaurs a quadrupedal, mosiyana ndi ma ceratopsids ena, omwe anali ochepa komanso a bipedal.

Mitundu ya saurisch dinosaurs

A saurischians akuphatikiza zonse mitundu ya ma dinosaurs odyetsa ndi zitsamba zina. Pakati pawo, tikupeza magulu otsatirawa: ma theropod ndi ma sauropodomorphs.

Mankhwala a dinosaurs

Theropods (suborder Theropoda) ndi ma dinosaurs otumphuka. Omwe anali akale kwambiri anali odyetsa nyama ndi odyetsa, monga otchuka Velociraptor. Pambuyo pake, adasiyanasiyana, ndikupangitsa kuti azidya zitsamba ndi zina.

Nyama izi zimadziwika ndi kukhala nazo zokha zala zitatu zogwira ntchito kumapeto kwake ndi chibayo kapena mafupa obowoka. Chifukwa cha ichi, iwo anali nyama agile kwambiri, ndipo ena adapeza luso lowuluka.

Theropod dinosaurs adayambitsa mitundu yonse ya ma dinosaurs oyenda. Ena mwa iwo adapulumuka kutha kwakukulu kwa malire a Cretaceous / Tertiary; iwo ndi makolo a mbalame. Masiku ano, zimawoneka kuti mankhwalawa sanathe, koma kuti mbalame ndi gawo limodzi la ma dinosaurs.

Zitsanzo za mankhwalawa

Zitsanzo zina za theropod dinosaurs ndi izi:

  • Tyrannosaurus: anali chilombo chachikulu mamita 12 kutalika, odziwika bwino pazenera lalikulu.
  • Velociraptor: Nyama yodya nyama iyi yayitali mita 1.8 inali ndi zikhadabo zazikulu.
  • Gigantoraptor: ndi dinosaur yam nthenga koma yosatheka yomwe imayeza pafupifupi mamita 8.
  • Wolemba Archeopteryx: ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zakale kwambiri zodziwika. Inali ndi mano ndipo sinapitirire theka la mita.

ma sauropodomorph ma dinosaurs

The suborder Sauropodomorpha ndi gulu la ma dinosaurs akulu odyetsa anayi ndi michira yayitali kwambiri ndi makosi. Komabe, akale kwambiri anali nyama zodya bipedal komanso zazing'ono kuposa munthu.

Pakati pa ma sauropodomorphs, ali m'gulu la nyama zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi zomwe zidakhalako, ndi anthu a mpaka mamita 32 kutalika. Zing'onozing'onozo zinali zothamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimawalola kuthawa adani. Zikuluzikulu, mbali inayi, zimapanga gulu lomwe akulu amateteza ana. Komanso inali ndi michira ikuluikulu yomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito ngati chikwapu.

Zitsanzo za sauropodomorphs

  • Saturnalia: anali m'modzi mwa mamembala oyamba a gululi, ndipo anayeza kutalika kosakwana theka la mita.
  • apatosaurus: dinosaur wa khosi lalitali anali ndi kutalika mpaka 22 mita, ndipo ndiye mtundu womwe Littlefoot ndi wake, protagonist wa kanema. chigwa cholodzedwa (kapena dziko lapansi lisanachitike).
  • Diplodocus: ndiye mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa ma dinosaurs, wokhala ndi anthu mpaka 32 mita kutalika.

Zinyama Zina Zambiri za Mesozoic

Magulu ambiri a zokwawa zomwe zinkakhala ndi ma dinosaurs nthawi ya Mesozoic nthawi zambiri zimasokonezedwa ndi ma dinosaurs. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa maatomiki ndi ma taxonomic, sitingathe kuwaphatikiza pamitundu ya dinosaur yomwe ilipo kale. Magulu otsatirawa ndi awa:

  • owonera: zinali zokwawa zazikulu zouluka za Mesozoic. Iwo anali, pamodzi ndi ma dinosaurs ndi ng'ona, a gulu la akatswiri.
  • Plesiosaurs ndi Ichthyosaurs: anali gulu la zokwawa m'madzi. Amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwamitundu ya ma dinosaurs am'madzi, koma ngakhale ali opsuka, iwo siogwirizana ndi ma dinosaurs.
  • Mesosaurs: iwonso ndi ma diapids, koma ndi a Lepidosauria, monga abuluzi ndi njoka za lero. Amadziwikanso kuti "dinosaurs" am'madzi.
  • Pelicosaurus: linali gulu la ma synapsid pafupi ndi zinyama kuposa zokwawa.

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Mitundu ya Ma Dinosaurs Omwe Adakhalapo - Mawonekedwe, Mayina ndi Zithunzi, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.