Mitundu ya mimbulu ndi mawonekedwe awo

Mlembi: John Stephens
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 23 Jayuwale 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 22 Novembala 2024
Anonim
Mitundu ya mimbulu ndi mawonekedwe awo - Ziweto
Mitundu ya mimbulu ndi mawonekedwe awo - Ziweto

Zamkati

Mmbulu ndi nyama yodya nyama, yomwe nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti ndi m'bale wa galu woweta (Canis lupus familiaris), ngakhale pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakukula ndi machitidwe.

Kodi mumadziwa kuti pali zosiyana mitundu ya mimbulu, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake? Mitunduyi imagawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, momwe ambiri amakhala malo apamwamba kwambiri pazakudya. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana mitundu ya mimbulu yomwe ilipo, musaphonye nkhaniyi kuchokera ku PeritoAnimal. Pitilizani kuwerenga!

Makhalidwe A Wolf

Nkhandwe yakhalapo Padziko Lapansi kwa zaka pafupifupi 800,000. Panthawiyo, adagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza America, Asia ndi Europe. Masiku ano, izi zasintha. Kodi nkhandwe zimakhala kuti? Makamaka ku United States ndi gawo lina la Europe, makamaka mdera la Russia, ndipo amakhala m'mapaketi.


Zina mwazikhalidwe za mimbulu ndizofanana ndi agalu oweta. Kuphatikiza apo, amalemera pakati pa 40 ndi 80 kilos, kutengera mtundu wa nkhandwe, ndikukhala ndi thupi lokulirapo lokhala ndi miyendo yolimba, yamphamvu, limodzi ndi nsagwada wamphamvu wokhala ndi mano akuthwa.

nkhandwe imaswana fikirani liwiro pakati pa 10 ndi 65 km / h, kuphatikiza pakutha kudumpha kwakukulu, kofunikira kuthana ndi mapiri ndikugwira nyama yawo. Maganizo anu a kununkhira amakula bwino, ndipo maso anu amatha kuwona mumdima chifukwa ali nawo tapetum lucidumKakhungu kamene kamatha kusefa kuwala pang'ono komwe kumapezeka m'malo amdima.

Kumbali inayi, chovala wa mimbulu ndiye wandiweyani, wandiweyani komanso wolimba. Mwanjira imeneyi, imawateteza ku mikhalidwe yoipa komanso dothi, kuphatikiza pakuwatenthetsa nthawi yachisanu komanso ngati chobisalira.


Izi ndi zina mwa mikhalidwe ya mimbulu. Kenako, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane za zosiyana mmbulu umaswana zomwe zilipo.

mitundu ya mimbulu

Pali mitundu ingapo yamtundu wa mimbulu yomwe imagawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, koma pali mitundu ingati ya mimbulu? Tikukuwuzani zotsatira.

Pa jenda Kennels, amalembetsa Mitundu 16 yosiyanasiyana, pakati pawo kennels lupus. Mitunduyi, imalemba ma subspecies 37 osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mtanda pakati pa galu woweta ndi nkhandwe imvi. Palinso fayilo ya Kennels mesomelas elongae, subspecies za mitundu masensa a mesomeles, amene si mimbulu koma mimbulu, komanso Canis yoyimilira, amenenso ndi mphalapala.

Tsopano, si mitundu yonse yolembetsedwa pamtunduwu Kennels ndi mimbulu, ndi mitundu ingati ya mimbulu yomwe ilipo? Malinga ndi mabungwe aboma, maphunziro osiyanasiyana adachitika[1][2] ndipo monga momwe nawo database ya toxicogenomics (CTD) akuwonetsera, mitundu yotsatirayi ndiyapadera mitundu ya nkhandwe Zomwe zilipo, momwe mulinso ma subspecies osiyanasiyana:


  • Makola a Anthus
  • Kennels akuwonetsa
  • Makola a lycaon
  • Kenneth himalayensis
  • kennels lupus
  • kennels rufus

M'magawo otsatirawa, tikambirana za mitundu yotchuka kwambiri.

Grey Wolf (Canis lupus)

O kennels lupus kapena Nkhandwe yakuda ndi mtundu wa canine yodyera komwe kumachokera mitundu yaying'ono yomwe imapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mimbulu. Pakadali pano, mtundu uwu umagawidwa makamaka mu U.S, komwe ndi imodzi mwazilombo zazikulu kwambiri.

Mitunduyi imadziwika ndikukhala m'maphukusi oyang'aniridwa ndi akuluakulu ena. Chifukwa cha bungweli, amasaka komanso kudyetsa limodzi. Khalidweli, komabe, lidachepetsa kuthekera kwawo kukakhala madera ena, chifukwa mtunduwo umayimira ngozi m'mafamu ndi ziweto.

Pali mitundu yoposa 10 ya imvi ya nkhandwe, ndipo tikambirana ina pansipa.

Mmbulu wa Iberia (Canis lupus signatus)

Nkhandwe ya Iberia (Canis lupus siginecha) ndi a subspecies wa Makola a Lupus, kufalikira ku Chilumba cha Iberia. Amadziwika ndikufika mpaka 50 kilos ndikuwonetsa chovala chosiyana: bulauni kapena beige pamimba, chakuda kumbuyo ndi zigamba zopepuka pakati pa thupi mpaka mchira.

Iberia ndi amodzi mwamalo a mitundu yambiri ya nkhandwe ku Spain. Zakudya zake zopatsa chidwi zimakhala ndi kusaka nkhosa, akalulu, nguruwe zakutchire, zokwawa ndi mbalame zina, kuphatikiza gawo laling'ono (5%) la zakudya zamasamba.

Mbalame ya Arctic (Canus lupus arctos)

O Canus lupus arctos, kapena nkhandwe ya Arctic, ndi mtundu womwe amangokhala ku canada ndi Greenland. Kukula kwawo kumakhala kocheperako kuposa kwa mimbulu ina ndipo, nthawi zambiri, imalemera pafupifupi kilogalamu 45. Monga njira yosinthira malo ozizira momwe amakhala, moyo wake, nkhandwe yamtunduwu imakhala ndi chovala choyera kapena chowala chachikaso, chomwe chimalola kuti izitha kubisala m'chipale chofewa. Izi ndizonso subspecies wa kennels lupus.

Mitunduyi nthawi zambiri imakhala m'mapanga amiyala ndipo imadyetsa nyama zina zopezeka kumadera a Arctic, monga mphalapala, ng'ombe ndi caribou, kuphatikiza pazisindikizo zosanja ndi ma partges.

Nkhandwe ya Arabia (Canis lupus arabs)

Mtundu wina wa nkhandwe ndi Arabian Wolf (kennels lupus arabs), yemwenso ndi subspecies ya imvi nkhandwe, ndipo ndi wogawidwa ndi Sinai Peninsula komanso m'maiko angapo a Kuulaya. Ndi nkhandwe yaying'ono m'chipululu popeza imalemera makilogalamu 20 okha ndipo imadyetsa nyama zakufa ndi nyama zazing'ono monga ma hares.

Mosiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi mitundu ina ya mimbulu, Aluya salira kapena kukhala m'maphukusi. Ubweya wawo umakhala wa bulauni wonyezimira, onse mumayendedwe owala kuti athe kubisala bwino mumchenga ndi malo amiyala komwe amakhala.

nkhandwe yakuda

nkhandwe yakuda ndi yolungama malaya amtundu wa imvi (kennels lupus), ndiye kuti, si subspecies za dongosolo la mimbulu. Monga nkhandwe imvi, nkhandwe yakuda imagawidwa ku North America, Asia ndi Europe.

Kusiyana kwa malaya amtunduwu kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini zomwe zidachitika pamtanda pakati pa agalu oweta ndi mimbulu yakutchire. M'mbuyomu, komabe, panali nkhandwe yakuda yaku Florida (Canis lupus floridanus), koma adalengezedwa kuti atha mu 1908.

Wolf yaku Europe (Canis lupus lupus)

O Zowona lupus lupus ndi subspecies zofala kwambiri za imvi nkhandwe zomwe zilipo. mtundu uwu wa nkhandwe amakhala gawo lalikulu la Europe, komanso madera akuluakulu aku Asia monga China. Mwa mitundu yaku Europe, ndi chimodzi mwazikulu kwambiri, popeza imalemera pakati pa 40 ndi 70 kilos. Chovala chake ndi chovala chodziwika bwino chaimvi chokhala ndimimba yonyezimira.

Ponena za chakudya chake, nkhandwe yaku Europe ndi yomwe imadya nyama zoweta, mphalapala, mphalapala, nswala, mbuzi ndi nguluwe.

Tundra Wolf (Canis lupus albus)

Mwa mitundu ina ya mimbulu yomwe imakhala m'malo ozizira ndi Zowona lupus lupus kapena nkhandwe yamphongo. amakhala Tundra yaku Russia ndi dera la Siberia mpaka kukafika ku Scandinavia. Imalemera pakati pa 40 ndi 50 kilos ndipo ili ndi chovala chachitali, chofewa chomwe chimalola kuti chikhalebe nyengo yozizira.

Nkhandwe yamphongo imadyetsa mphalapala, nguluwe ndi nkhandwe. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi mtundu wosamukasamuka womwe umayenda motsatira kuyenda kwa nyama zomwe ndi gawo la chakudya chake.

Nkhandwe yaku Mexico (Canis lupus baileyi)

Mtundu wina wa nkhandwe ndi Canis lupus baileyi, subspecies omwe amakhala mu kumpoto kwa Amerika, komwe amakonda kukhala m'zipululu komanso m'nkhalango. Imalemera makilogalamu 45 ndipo malaya ake amakhala ndi mitundu ingapo, pakati pake pali zonona, zachikasu komanso zakuda.

Mitunduyi imadyetsa ng'ombe, hares, nkhosa ndi makoswe. Chifukwa amalimbana ndi ng'ombe, mimbulu iyi idazunzidwa ndipo lero, amawerengedwa zatha m'chilengedwe, ngakhale pali mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana omwe amapangidwira kubereka ali mu ukapolo.

Baffin Wolf (Canis lupus manningi)

Nkhandwe ya Baffin (Canis lupus manningi) ndi ma subspecies osowa omwe amakhala mu Chilumba cha Baffin, Canada. Ubweya wake ndi kukula kwake ndizofanana ndi nkhandwe za ku Arctic. Zochepa ndizodziwika pamtunduwu, koma zimadya nkhandwe ndi hares.

Nkhandwe ya Yukon (Canis lupus pambasileus)

Mtundu wina wa nkhandwe ndi Canis lupus pambasileus, wotchedwanso mmbulu-wa-yukón kapena Nkhandwe yakuda yaku Alaska. Amakhala m'chigawo cha Yukón, m'chigawo cha Alaska chomwe chimatcha dzinalo. Pakati pake mimbulu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndikubwera ku kulemera mpaka 70 kilos.

Amadziwika ndi malaya omwe amaphatikiza mithunzi yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira yoyera, imvi, beige ndi yakuda, mitundu yomwe imagawidwa mosakhazikika pathupi.

Dingo (Canis lupus dingo)

Dingo (Lupus dingo kennels) ndizosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagawidwa ndi Australia ndi madera ena aku Asia. Ndi nkhandwe yaying'ono, yolemera makilogalamu 32 okha, ndipo pachifukwa ichi nthawi zambiri imawonedwa ngati galu ndipo imangotengedwa ngati chiweto.

Chovala cha dingo chimakhala ndi yunifolomu yomwe imasiyanasiyana pakati pa ofiira ndi achikaso. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizothekanso kupeza anthu alubino.

Mmbulu wa Vancouver (Canis lupus crassodon)

O Canis lupus crassodon é kudwala ku Vancouver Island, Canada. Mofanana ndi nkhandwe ya ku Arctic, ili ndi chovala choyera chomwe chimalola kuti izitha kubisala m'chilengedwe. Ngakhale zili ndi chidziwitso chochepa chokhudza nkhandwe, zimadziwika kuti zimakhala m'matumba a anthu pafupifupi 35 ndipo sizimayandikira malo omwe kumakhala anthu.

Western Wolf (Canis lupus occidentalis)

Nkhandwe Yakumadzulo (Canis lupus occidentalis) amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arctic Glacial kupita ku States Mgwirizano. Ndi chimodzi mwazikulu kwambiri mitundu ya nkhandwe, mpaka 85 masentimita m'litali, ngakhale ikulemera kokha pakati pa 45 ndi 50 kilos.

Ponena za malaya, amatha kukhala akuda, otuwa kapena abulauni oyera. Zakudya zake ndizosiyanasiyana, chifukwa zimadya ng'ombe, nguluwe, nsomba, zokwawa, nswala ndi mphalapala.

Mbalame Yofiira (Canis rufus)

Kusiya mitundu yaying'ono ya nkhandwe, mkati mwa mitundu ya nkhandwe timapezanso kennels rufus kapena nkhandwe yofiira. Amangokhala m'malo ena a Mexico, United States ndi Canada, chifukwa ili mkati ngozi yowonongeka yayikulu chifukwa cha kusaka kwa mitundu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya, kuyambitsa zitsanzo m'malo ake komanso momwe ntchito yomanga misewu imathandizira.

Nkhandwe yofiira imadziwika ndikulemera pafupifupi ma 35 kilos ndikuwonetsa chovala chowonekera momwe mungathere kuwona malo ofiira, otuwa ndi achikasu. Amadyetsa nswala, ma raccoon ndi makoswe.

Nkhandwe ya ku Ethiopia (Canis simensis)

Amatchedwanso Abyssinian, the Canis yoyimilira kapena nkhandwe yaku Ethiopia kwenikweni ndi nkhandwe kapenankhandwe, motero, siziwona ngati imodzi mwamagulu a nkhandwe. Amakhala mamita 3000 okha kumapiri a ku Ethiopia. Ili ndi kakang'ono kakang'ono, kofanana ndi galu, kolemera makilogalamu 10 mpaka 20 okha. Komanso, ubweya wake ndiwofiira, wokhala ndi mawanga oyera pansi pakhosi ndi mchira wakuda.

Amakhala m'matumba omwe amakonzedwa ndi olamulira anzawo. Pakadali pano, ali pangozi yakutha chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo ake komanso ziwopsezo zomwe amalandira kuchokera kwa anthu kuti zisayandikire ziweto.

African Golden Wolf (Canis anthus)

Nkhandwe Yagolide ya ku Africa (Makola a Anthus) ndi mtundu wa nkhandwe yomwe imapezeka ku Africa. Nkhandweyi imasinthidwa kuti izikhala ngati nyengo yachipululu, koma imakonda kukhala m'malo omwe mumapezeka madzi pafupi.

Ponena za mawonekedwe ake, kukula kwake ndikocheperako kuposa nkhandwe zina. Imalemera pafupifupi 15 kilos ndipo ili ndi chovala chakuda kumbuyo kwake ndi mchira, ndi mtundu wa mchenga kumapazi ndi pamimba.

Mmbulu Wachimwenye (Canis indica)

Nkhandwe ya ku India (Kennels akuwonetsa) akuchokera Israel, Saudi Arabia, India ndi Pakistan, komwe amakonda kukhala kumadera opanda chipululu. Ndi mmbulu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, chifukwa amangolemera makilogalamu 30 okha, ndi malaya ofiira ofiira kapena ofiira, omwe amalola kuti azibisalamo mumchenga komanso m'malo amiyala.

Mtundu uwu wa nkhandwe umadyetsa makamaka ng'ombe, ndichifukwa chake wazunzidwa ku India kwazaka zambiri.

Nkhandwe yaku Eastern Canada (Canis lycaon)

Mtundu wina wa nkhandwe ndi nkhandwe yaku Eastern Canada (Makola a lycaon), chani amakhala kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Canada. Nkhandwe iyi ili ndi chovala chokhala ndi tsitsi lolimba, lalitali mu kirimu chakuda komanso chopepuka, chomwe chimagawidwa mosalongosoka mthupi lonse.

Mtundu uwu wa nkhandwe umakhala m'malo okhala nkhalango ku Canada, komwe umadyetsa nyama zazing'ono zochepa ndikukhala m'matumba. Imeneyi ndi mitundu ya nyama yomwe ili pangozi, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo awo okhala ndi kugawikana kwa anthu zomwe izi zidadzetsa m'matumba.

Nkhandwe ya Himalayan (Canis himalayensis)

Nkhandwe ya Himalayan (Kenneth himalayensis) é ochokera ku Nepal ndi North India. Amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndipo pakadali pano pali achikulire ochepa.

Ponena za mawonekedwe ake, ndi nkhandwe yaying'ono, yopyapyala. Chovala chake ndi cholimba komanso chimakhala ndi bulauni, imvi ndi zonona.

Galu wapakhomo (Canis lupus familiaris)

Galu woweta (Canis lupus familiaris) ndi imodzi mwazinyama zofala kwambiri padziko lapansi ndipo ili m'gulu la ziweto zomwe amakonda kwambiri. Makhalidwe awo amasiyana pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yodziwika yomwe ilipo, yomwe imakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pamitundu, utoto ndi mtundu wa malaya, umunthu komanso chiyembekezo cha moyo, pakati pa ena.

galu woweta ndi subspecies yosiyana. Poyambira, malingaliro aposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti galu, monga amadziwika lero, ndi chifukwa cha mitanda pakati pa mimbulu ya dingo, mimbulu ya basenji ndi mimbulu. Komabe, zaka 14,900 zapitazo, mitu yamagazi agalu ndi mimbulu imagawanika, ngakhale amadziwika kuti anali ndi kholo limodzi. Kuchokera pakupatukana uku, mtundu uliwonse umakula munjira ina, ndipo galu amatha kuphunzitsidwa.

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Mitundu ya mimbulu ndi mawonekedwe awo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.