Zinyama 15 zoyendetsa mungu - Makhalidwe ndi zitsanzo

Mlembi: John Stephens
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 27 Jayuwale 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 20 Novembala 2024
Anonim
Zinyama 15 zoyendetsa mungu - Makhalidwe ndi zitsanzo - Ziweto
Zinyama 15 zoyendetsa mungu - Makhalidwe ndi zitsanzo - Ziweto

Zamkati

M'chilengedwe, nyama ndi zomera zonse zimakwaniritsa ntchito inayake yoteteza chilengedwe chomwe chili. Kukhazikitsa kusintha komwe kumakhudza anthu aliwonse kumatanthauza kugawanitsa malo okhala nyama, ndipo nthawi zambiri, izi zimaika moyo wawo pangozi.

Inu zinyama zoyendetsa mungu amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri mwachilengedwe, kodi mukudziwa kuti ndi chiyani? Kuti mudziwe, tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge nkhani yotsatirayi, komwe mungapezenso mawonekedwe ndi zitsanzo Ya nyama zazikulu zoyendetsa mungu.

Kodi pollination ndi chiyani?

Kuberekana kwa mitundu yambiri yazomera kumachitika pogonana, ndiye kuti, kumafunikira mgwirizano wamaselo achikazi ndi achimuna kuti zichitike umunawo. Maselowa amapezeka mumtambo (wamwamuna), chifukwa chake amafunika kuwatumiza ku pistil ya maluwa (wamkazi), komwe umuna umachitika ndipo, zitatha izi, duwa limakhala chipatso ndi mbewu.


Chifukwa chake, tikamakamba zakubzala mbewu, nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kulowererapo munthu wina, yemwe amadziwika kuti "woyendetsa mungu"kuti zitheke.

Zoyambitsa mungu izi zitha kukhala tizilombo, nyama zina komanso zinthu zachilengedwe monga madzi ndi mphepo. Pankhani ya mitundu ya nyama, adapeza fayilo ya Sungani bwino ndi zomera ndipo zidasinthika pamodzi, kotero kuti mbewu zatha kutulutsa maluwa onunkhira, mawonekedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti akope operekera mungu kuti adye timadzi tokoma.

Nyama zikadya timadzi tokoma, kunyamula mungu mosagwirizana pamapazi awo, mapiko kapena gawo lina la thupi. Podziphimba ndi mungu, amauika pa duwa lotsatira lomwe amadyalo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawo afike ku pistil kuti njira yoberekera ithe. Tsopano zikafika pakuyendetsa mungu, pali njira zosiyanasiyana, zina zimakhudza kulowererapo kwa nyama ndipo zina sizitero, chifukwa chake muyenera kudziwa zosiyana. mitundu ya pollination zomwe zilipo.


Mitundu ya mungu

izi ndizosiyana mitundu ya pollination zomwe zilipo:

kuyendetsa molunjika

Amatchedwanso kudziyipitsa yekha, zimachitika mungu wochokera pa duwa usunthira ku pistil ya duwa lomwelo. Kungakhale autogamy kapena geitogamy.

  • Autogamy: imachitika pomwe ma gamete achimuna ndi achikazi amachokera maluwa amodzi.
  • Masewera: imachitika pomwe ma gamet aamuna ndi aakazi amachokera maluwa osiyanasiyana, koma amtundu umodzi; ndiye kuti, mungu umanyamula kuchokera ku duwa lina kupita ku lina la mbewu yomweyo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yonyamula mungu imakhudzidwa (nyama, madzi kapena mpweya).

Pollination Cross

Mumtunduwu wa mungu, mungu wa mtundu wina umapita nawo ku pistil wa a duwa la mtundu wina. Zoyambitsa mungu ndizofunikira pantchitoyi ndipo, kutengera yemwe ali ndi udindo wonyamula mungu, tikukumana ndi mitundu ingapo ya mungu.


Magawo awa ndi awa:

  • pollination abiotic: imachitika chifukwa choloŵerera nyama. Kungakhale ornithophilic (mbalame), zoophilic (nyama) kapena entomophilic (tizilombo).
  • pollination abiotic: imachitika chifukwa cha kulowererapo kwa madzi (hydrophilic) kapena mphepo (anemophilic), othandizira omwe amayendetsa mungu mwangozi, mwina ku chomera chomwecho kapena kwa ena, chifukwa chake pamakhala milandu yonyamula mungu wa abiotic, wodziyimira payokha.
  • Kuwononga Kwambiri: amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njuchi ndi ma drones kuti atenge mungu kuchokera maluwa otentha, apo ayi sangathe kuzipeza. Njirayi ndi yophweka: Tizilombo timamatira ku duwa ndi mawoko ake ndi kukupiza mapiko ake; kusuntha komwe kumachitika kumathandizira kuchotsa mungu.

pollination yokumba

Ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi kulowererapo kwa anthu. Zimapangidwa pazolinga zaulimi kapena mukafuna kupeza zina mwazomera zomwe zikukambidwa. Munthu amalowererapo panthawiyi ndikutsatira njira kuti akwaniritse zomwe akuyembekezeredwa. Ndizosiyana ndi kuyendetsa mungu kwachilengedwe, komwe kumafotokozedwa m'mitundu yapitayi ndi ma subtypes.

Tsopano popeza mukudziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mungu, ndi nthawi yoti muwonetse kuti ndi nyama ziti zomwe zikuyenera kuchitapo kanthu.

tizilombo toyambitsa mungu

Tidzayamba mndandanda wazinyama zomwe timachita mungu ndi tizilombo, nyama zodziwika bwino pantchito ya mungu maluwa. Pansipa, tikutchula tizilombo todziwika bwino komanso todziwika bwino tomwe timayambitsirana mungu, komanso mawonekedwe awo:

1. Njuchi

Njuchi, za banja la Apoidea, ndi tizilombo tomwe timapezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Kufunika kwa njuchi monga tizilombo toyambitsa mungu ndichimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zodetsa nkhawa zachilengedwe. Tikulankhula za imodzi mwazinyama zofunika kwambiri, chifukwa zimagwira ntchito yofunikira osati kungokhalitsa zachilengedwe, komanso pakupanga chakudya cha anthu, chifukwa ndi amene amachititsa mungu wambiri womwe umalimidwa kuti udye. Mitundu yonse ya njuchi yomwe ilipo ndiyofunika kukwaniritsa ntchitoyi.

2. Nyerere

Nyerere ndi za banja la a Formicidae ndipo ndi tizilombo tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama ku euro, ndiye kuti, ali ndi bungwe lodziwika bwino, momwe membala aliyense amakhala ndi gawo lofanana ndi nyerere ya mfumukazi.

Zina mwa zakudya zomwe nyerere zimadya ndi maluwa zimathandizira kuyendetsa mungu, ngakhale pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, amakhala m'gulu la zinyama zobala mungu wochokera kumbuyo kwawo, ndiye kuti amatha kunyamula mungu mwangozi kumbuyo kwanu. Momwemonso, ndi nyama zomwe zimanyamula mungu ndikumwaza mbewu, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimathandizira kuzinyamula.

3. Ntchentche zamaluwa

Syphidi, mayina a banja la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimatchedwanso ntchentche zamaluwa, zimagawidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe akunja amalola kuti nthawi zambiri azisokonezedwa ndi njuchi. Ntchentchezi amakonda maluwa oyera kapena achikasu, ndipo palinso mitundu ina yomwe idyani timadzi tokoma tokha ya maluwa enieni. Akamadya timadzi tokoma timeneti, amathandiza kuti mungu uyende bwino.

4. Agulugufe

Agulugufe ali m'gulu la Lepidoptera, lomwe limaphatikizaponso njenjete ndi tizilombo tina. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 165,000, yambiri yomwe imapezeka pakati pa nyama. tizinyamula mungu usiku, ngakhale kulinso mitundu yofananira.

Pofuna kutulutsa timadzi tokoma m'maluwa, agulugufe ali ndi zida pakamwa ngati kapu yayitali, yotchedwa spirothrombus, yomwe amayamwa kuti adyetse. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kunyamula mungu kumaluwa osiyanasiyana.

5. Bumblebee kapena bumblebee wonyezimira wachikasu

O bumblebee wamba (mabomba apadziko lapansi) ndi kachilombo komwe kamawoneka ngati njuchi potengera mitundu, popeza thupi lake ndi lachikaso komanso lakuda, kupatula kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi villi. idyetsani timadzi tokoma ndi mungu, zomwe zimasunga m'malo awo, omwe bungwe lawo limafanana ndi njuchi. Ngati kuli kofunikira, amagwiritsa ntchito kuyendetsa mungu movutikira.

6. mavu

Pansi pa dzina la mavu, mitundu ingapo yamalamulo a Hymenoptera imaphatikizidwa. Amayeza mozungulira masentimita asanu ndipo amakhala ndi utoto wakuda ndi wachikaso, kuphatikiza pa mbola yakupha. Ngakhale mavu amadya kwambiri, nthawi zina akhoza kudya timadzi tokoma ndi kunyamula mungu mwangozi.

7. Udzudzu

Sikuti udzudzu wonse umadya magazi, makamaka, azimayi okha ndi omwe amakhala ndi magazi. Amuna, m'malo mwake, kuyamwa timadzi tokoma m'maluwa ndipo amathandizira kuyendetsa mungu. Ku America kokha, ali ndi udindo wowola mungu kuchokera ku mitundu pafupifupi 400 ya zomera.

8. Coleoptera

Coleoptera amadziwika kuti kafadala ndikukhala Padziko lapansi kuyambira pa Permian. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 375,000 yomwe imagawidwa pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, ili ndi kukula kwake ndi mithunzi, ngakhale imadziwika ndi milomo yayikulu mumitundu yambiri. Nkhunda zimadya bowa, tizilombo tina, mizu, nkhuni, zinthu zowola, maluwa ndi mungu, chifukwa chake, mitundu ina ya zamoyo imathandizira pantchito yoyendetsa mungu.

Zinyama Zosasokoneza Tizilombo

Tsopano, kodi mumadziwa kuti palinso nyama zina kupatula tizilombo zomwe zimayambitsa kutsitsa maluwa? Ndiye zili choncho! Pansipa, tikuwonetsa nyama zina zomwe siziri tizilombo:

9. Mbalame za Hummingbird

Mbalame za hummingbird ndi za banja la Trochilidae ndipo zimapezeka ku America, komwe kuli mitundu pafupifupi 300. Amadziwika ndi timizere ting'onoting'ono, tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, ndi mapiko omwe amatha kuyenda mwachangu kwambiri. Komabe, kodi hummingbird imadya chiyani? Mitundu yonse ya mbalame za hummingbird idyani timadzi tokomachifukwa chake, kuyendetsa kwake mungu ndikofunikira kwambiri. Makamaka, amakwaniritsa udindo wawo ndi maluwa owoneka bwino, pomwe milomo yawo imawalola kufikira chakudyacho.

10. Lemur

Dzinalo la lemurs limaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anyani omwe amapezeka pachilumba cha Madagascar. Kodi nyama tizinyamula mungu usiku ndipo amadziwika ndi maso awo owala ndi mchira wazingwe. Zakudya zamtundu wa lemur ndizosiyanasiyana, zimakhudza zipatso, zitsamba, masamba, mungu ndi timadzi tokoma. Omwe amadyetsa mungu ndi timadzi tokoma ndi cholumikizira chofunikira pochita mungu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama zomwe zimanyamula mungu kumbuyo kwawo, womangirizidwa ku malaya awo, ndikuthandizira kufalitsa.

11. Tsiku la Mauritius linakongoletsa nalimata

Buluzi wa tsikuli (Phelsuma ornata) ndi kachilombo komwe kali ku Mauritius, komwe kuli kum'mwera kwa India. Mitunduyi imangokhala masentimita 12 okha ndipo imakhala ndi mitundu yomwe imatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa bulauni, buluu ndi mtundu wabuluu mthupi, yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira m'mbali mwake ndi mtundu wabuluu, woyera kapena wofiira. Mtundu uwu wa buluzi umadyetsa tizilombo ndi tizilombo tosauluka, komanso kudya mungu ndi timadzi tokoma, motero zimathandizira kuyendetsa mungu.

12. Slugs

slugs ali Molluscs apadziko lapansi za dongosolo la Pulmonata. Komabe, ma slugs sakhala ndi mwayi wofunikira pakuyendetsa mungu, chifukwa amadyetsa zinyalala zazomera kapena nyama, kuphatikiza kumunsi kwa mbewu, amathandizira osalunjika pollinators pokwawa pamwamba pa maluwawo, kuthira mungu ndi kupita nawo kumalo ena.

13. Mleme wammphuno yayitali

Mleme wamphongo yayitali (Leptonycteris curasoae) ndi mileme yomwe imagawidwa m'mapanga ndi nkhalango za Colombia, Venezuela ndi Aruba. amadyetsa zipatso, timadzi tokoma ndi mungu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, pokhala tizinyamula mungu usiku. Kuphatikiza apo, zimathandizira pofalitsa mbewu.

14. Mbalame za m'banja la Nectariniidae

Amakonda kutchedwa suimangas ndi arañeros, banja la Nectariniidae limakhala ndi mitundu 144 ya mbalame zomwe zimaphatikizapo timadzi tokoma monga chakudya chambiri m'zakudya zawo, ngakhale ambiri a iwo amadyanso tizilombo. Mitunduyi imagawidwa ku Africa, Australia ndi Asia, komwe imakonda madera omwe kumakhala kotentha. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zamoyo zomwe zimakhalapo, zimasewera Udindo wofunikira pakuyendetsa maluwa.

15. Khoswe wa mpunga

Mpunga wa mpunga (nephelomys mdierekezi) ndi mtundu wa mbewa zomwe zimafalitsidwa ku Costa Rica ndi Panama. Ndizodziwika pang'ono, koma zimadziwika kuti zimadya bowa yaying'ono zomwe zimamera pansi pa mitengo. Ngakhale ntchito yawo yoyendetsa mungu ndiyochepa, kufunafuna chakudya chawo ndi njira yothandizira kufalikira mwangozi kwa spores mungu, mwina mozungulira iwo kapena mwa kuwatengera mosavomerezeka mu malaya awo.

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Zinyama 15 zoyendetsa mungu - Makhalidwe ndi zitsanzo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.