Zinyama zowopsa ku Pantanal

Mlembi: John Stephens
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 25 Jayuwale 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 20 Novembala 2024
Anonim
Zinyama zowopsa ku Pantanal - Ziweto
Zinyama zowopsa ku Pantanal - Ziweto

Zamkati

Mukamayankhula za Pantanal, nchiyani chimabwera m'maganizo mwanu? anthu ambiri amaganizira jaguar, alligator kapena nsomba zazikulu. Chowonadi ndichakuti biome iyi - yomwe imadziwika kuti dambo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi - ili ndi mitundu yambiri yazomera ndi nyama.

Komabe, chuma chonsechi chimakhalamo kuopseza kosalekeza, mwina chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa moto, kukulitsa kwaulimi kapena kusaka kosaloledwa. Chifukwa chake, pali chiopsezo chachikulu kuti kuchuluka kwa nyama zowopsa ku Pantanal.

Munkhaniyi ndi PeritoAnimal, tikuwonetsani kuti ndi nyama ziti zomwe zili pachiwopsezo, zomwe zatha kale ndi zomwe zingachitike kuti nyama zina zisasowe m'chilengedwe. Onani!


Kodi Pantanal ndi chiyani?

Pantanal ndi amodzi mwa ma biomes asanu ndi limodzi omwe akupezeka ku Brazil, limodzi ndi Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest ndi Cerrado. Dera lake ndi 150,988 km², lomwe likuyimira 1.8% ya madera onse aku Brazil.[1]

Ngakhale ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi ma biomes ena aku Brazil, musapusitsidwe. Chifukwa chake muli ndi lingaliro, Pantanal ili ndi dera lalikulu kuposa Greece, England kapena Portugal ndipo ndi wamkulu kuposa Panama kawiri.

ili kuti Pantanal

Ili m'chigawo cha Midwest, ilipo m'mizinda 22 ku Mato Grosso ndi Mato Grosso do Sul, kuphatikiza Paraguay ndi Bolivia. Nthambiyi ikuyimira kupezeka kwamphamvu kwa miyambo, monga anthu anthu achilengedwe ndi maroons, zomwe kwa zaka zambiri zathandiza kufalitsa chikhalidwe cha Pantanal.


Ili pachisokonezo chachikulu chomwe chili kumtunda wa Upper Paraguay River Basin. M'nyengo yamvula yambiri, Mtsinje wa Paraguay umasefukira ndipo ikusefukira gawo lalikulu lamderali ndipo madera omwe abzala adasefukira. Madzi akatsika, ng'ombe zimakwezedwa ndikumakolola mbewu zatsopano ndikubzala, ndichifukwa chake derali limadziwika bwino chifukwa cha usodzi, ziweto komanso ulimi.

Zinyama ndi Flora

zanu zazikulu zamoyo zosiyanasiyana (zomera ndi zinyama), Pantanal ndi National Heritage yolembedwa ndi Federal Constitution ndipo imawona ngati Biosphere komanso Chikhalidwe Chachikhalidwe Chaumunthu cholembedwa ndi UNESCO, zomwe siziletsa kukula kwa nkhalango ndi chiwonongeko. Ndi 4.6% yokha ya dera lomwe limatetezedwa ndi magawo osungira.


Kukhalapo kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera ndi nyama, monga nyama, amphibiya, zokwawa, mbalame ndi tizilombo kumayambitsanso chifukwa chokhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi zinyama ndi nyama kuchokera ku Amazon Forest, Atlantic Forest, Chaco ndi Cerrado.

Pali mitundu yosachepera 3,500 ya zomera, mitundu 124 ya zinyama, mitundu 463 ya mbalame ndi mitundu 325 ya nsomba.[2]Koma mndandanda wazinyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha zikukula, makamaka chifukwa cha zochita za anthu.

Kuphatikiza pakukhala kosakwanira kwa nthaka, kupatula, kusaka komanso kuwedza nyama zolanda kumalimbikitsidwa ndi kuzembetsa zikopa ndi mitundu yosawerengeka. Malire ndi mayiko ena aku South America amachulukitsa zoopsa pazachilengedwe. THE kukulitsa ulimi ndi moto amadziwika kuti ndiomwe akuwopseza chisangalalo. Pakati pa Ogasiti ndi Seputembara 2020, padali moto wambiri m'derali, womwe udawononga malo opitilira 2 miliyoni.[3]

Zinyama zowopsa ku Pantanal

Malinga ndi Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, nthambi yaboma yachilengedwe yomwe ili gawo la Unduna wa Zachilengedwe, pali mitundu 1,172 ya nyama zomwe zikuwopsezedwa kuti zitha ku Brazil. Mwa onsewa, 318 ali pamavuto omwe akuwoneka kuti ndi ovuta, ndiye kuti, ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chakusowa kwachilengedwe.[2]

Ndikofunika kuti musasokoneze nyama pangozindiye kuti, zomwe zikadalipo koma zili pachiwopsezo chotha, ndi zomwe zatha kale m'chilengedwe (chodziwika ndi akapolo okha) kapena kutayika (komwe kulibenso). Gulu lowopseza, zamoyo zitha kuwerengedwa kuti ndi: zoopsa, zowopsa kapena zoopsa.

M'munsimu, tiyeni tidziwe nyama zomwe zimakhala ku Pantanal ndipo zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chotha malinga ndi Red List ya International Union for the Conservation of Natural and Natural Resources (IUCN) ndi Chico Mendes Institute. Pamapeto pake pali nyama zomwe zatha. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti ichi ndiye chithunzi cha mkhalidwe wofufuzidwa mpaka kutseka kwa nkhaniyi.[4]

1. Nyamazi (panthera onca)

Amatchedwanso jaguar, ndiye mphaka wamkulu wachitatu padziko lapansi. Ndiwosambira bwino kwambiri ndipo amakhala mumtsinje kapena m'nyanja. Itha kufika 150kg ndipo imaluma kwambiri komanso imapha. Ndi nyama yodya, yomwe imayiika pamwamba pa chakudya.

Ndizokopa alendo aliyense amene amakonda zachilengedwe, koma mwatsoka ndi osaka, ndichifukwa chake nyamayi ili pamndandanda wazinthu zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha ku Brazil. Kuphatikiza pa kusaka, kuchuluka kwa mizinda ndikuwonongeka kwachilengedwe chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kuonjezera chiopsezo cha kutha.

2. NkhandweChrysocyon brachyurus)

Iye ndiye nyamayi yayikulu kwambiri kwawo ku South America ndipo amapezeka ku Pantanal, Pampas ndi Cerrado. Zizolowezi zake ndi mawonekedwe ake amakupangitsa kukhala mtundu wapadera komanso wapadera kwambiri.

3. Viniga wagalu (Speothos venaticus)

Ili ndi thupi lolumikizana kwambiri, lalifupi, miyendo yolimba, makutu ozungulira, mchira waufupi komanso mawu otulutsa mawu. Osapeza fayilo ya mawu osiyanasiyana kuti akhoza kutulutsa.

4. Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis)

Amadziwikanso kuti nkhandwe, mtsinje wamadzi kapena otter. Ndi nyama yodya nyama yokhala ndi zizolowezi zina. Mitunduyi ili pachiwopsezo chotha makamaka chifukwa cha kutaya malo ake okhala. Ili ndi zolemba zoyera pakhosi, zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyanitsa pakati pa munthu aliyense. Mchira ndiwophwatalala ngati mawonekedwe opalasa wothandizira kusambira. Imakhalanso ndi tsitsi lalifupi lokhala ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wabulauni komanso mapazi otupa ndi ziwalo zophatikizira zala zakumapazi.

5. Nswala zam'madzi (Blastocerus dichotomus)

Amapezeka ku Pantanal, komanso amakhala ku Amazon ndi Cerrado. Ndi mbawala yayikulu kwambiri ku Latin America ndipo imatha kulemera mpaka 125 kg ndikufika 1.80 m kutalika. Akuyerekeza kuti 60% yamitundu yake idazimiririka kale chifukwa cha kusaka ndi kutayika kwa gawo lina la malo awo. Ndicho chifukwa chake zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala chimodzi mwazinyama zomwe zili pachiwopsezo ku Pantanal.

6. Pampas Deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus leucogaster)

Thupi lake limatha kutalika masentimita 80 mpaka 95 ndipo limatha kulemera mpaka makilogalamu 40. Amphongo amakhala ndi nyerere yomwe imapangidwa panthawi yobereka. Ili ndi mphete yaubweya woyera kuzungulira maso ndi makutu ndi utoto woyera mkati. Inu ubweya ndi lalanje pa thupi lonse, kupatula pamimba yoyera ndi mchira wakuda. Nthawi zambiri samapanga magulu akulu ndipo nthawi zambiri amawonedwa okha kapena m'magulu a anthu 6.

7. Jacu-bellied Jacu (penelope ochrogaster)

Ndi mbalame yayikulu yomwe ili ndi mapiko aatali ndi mchira, wokhala ndi nthenga zopangidwa ndi mikwingwirima yoyera, mapazi opepuka ndi mulomo wakuda, ndipo imatha kutalika mpaka 77 cm. Ili ndi mutu wofiira ndipo samawonedwa kawirikawiri m'chilengedwe chifukwa chodzipatula, china chosiyana kwambiri ndi Jacus wina. O kudula mitengo mwachisawawa komanso kusaka nyama mosaloledwa ndi zifukwa zazikulu zakuti zitha kutha. M'nkhani ina ya PeritoAnimal mungapeze zambiri za mbalame zomwe zili pangozi.

8. Mlomo weniweni (Sporophila maximilian)

Mbalameyi imakhala pakati pa masentimita 14.5 ndi 16.5 m'litali. Amatchedwanso kumpoto kwa boll weevil, weevil weniweni wolira kapena wakuda wakuda, amakhala m'madambo osefukira, njira ndi zitsamba, m'mbali mwa nkhalango, madambo, m'mbali mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja, mwachiwonekere m'malo oyandikira madzi, makamaka komwe kuli udzu ndi mpunga, chakudya chawo zakudya m'chilengedwe. Inu mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mpunga akuti ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayika nyama iyi pamndandanda wofiira wa nyama pachiwopsezo chotha.

9.Tapir (Tapirus terrestris)

Ndi fayilo ya Nyama yayikulu kwambiri ku Brazil, kutalika kwa 2.40 m ndikulemera 300 kg. Dzina lina lomwe limapeza ndi tapir. Osungulumwa, tapir amatha kukhala ndi zaka 35.Chidwi chokhudza iye ndi nthawi yake ya bere, yomwe imatha kuposa chaka ndipo imatha masiku 400.

10. Chimphona Armadillo (Maximus Priodonts)

Mitunduyi ndi yosowa mwachilengedwe ndipo imakhala pakati pa zaka 12 ndi 15 pafupifupi. Ili ndi mchira wautali, wokutira wokutidwa ndi zikopa zazing'ono zazing'ono. Zina mwazomwe zimawopseza chimphona cha armadillo ndi moto, ulimi, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa komanso kusaka nyama.

11.Mayi (Leopardus wiediiá)

Nyamayo imapezeka m'malo onse ku Brazil, koma imagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi nkhalango. Mtundu uwu uli ndi maso akulu kwambiri, otuluka kunja, mphuno yotuluka, miyendo yayikulu ndi mchira wautali kwambiri. Miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala ndimalo olumikizana bwino, kulola kusinthasintha mpaka madigiri a 180, zomwe zimawapatsa kuthekera kosowa pakati pama feline kutsika mumtengo. mutu pansi.

12.Nyama Yamphongo Yaikulu (Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus)

Nyama ikhoza kuwonedwa osati ku Pantanal, komanso ku Amazon, Cerrado ndi Atlantic Forest. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi chizolowezi chapadziko lapansi ndipo imakhala yokhayokha kupatula mayi ndi ana ake, nthawi yoyamwitsa, komanso nthawi yoswana, pomwe maanja angapangidwe. Moto, ulimi ndipo kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ndi zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimawopseza nyama zazikuluzikuluzi.

13. Puma kapena cougar (Puma concolor)

Ndi nyama yakutchire yomwe imapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana ku America. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimasinthidwa bwino pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ili ndi chovala chofewa cha beige thupi lonse, kupatula gawo lamimba, lomwe ndi lopepuka. Ana agalu amabadwa ndi mawanga akuda ndi maso amtambo. Kukula ndi kulemera kwake zimasiyana malinga ndi dera lomwe mwambowo unachitikira. Agile kwambiri, the puma imatha kudumpha pansi kutalika kwa 5.5 m.

14. Chiwombankhanga chakudaMphungu ya Corona)

Ndi yayikulu ndipo imakhala pakati pa 75 ndi 85 cm, yolemera mpaka 3.5 kg. Mbalame yayikulu nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi kutsogolera nthenga zaimvi, kuphatikiza maula ooneka ngati korona ndi mchira waufupi wokhala ndi gulu limodzi laimvi.

Kutha: Small Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus khungu)

Nkhuyu yaikachetechete yatha. Itha kusokonezedwa ndi ma hyacinth macaws ena: buluu macaw (Cyanopsitta spixii), womwe umatha kuthengo, womwe umangokhala m'manja mwa anthu; Lear's Macaw (Anodorhynchus leari), yomwe ili pangozi kuthengo; ndi Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus), yomwe ikuopsezedwa kutha kwa chilengedwe. Anadziwika chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kwakukulu, komwe nthawi zonse kumamupangitsa kuti amasiridwe kwambiri ndi alenje. Pansipa tikupeza zojambula zamtunduwu zomwe zikadakhala, zomwe mwatsoka ndi gawo la mndandanda wazinyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha.

Momwe mungapewere kutha kwa nyama

Monga tanenera kale, Pantanal biome ndi yolemera kwambiri m'zinyama zake ndi zomera zake. Ndipo fayilo ya kusamalira zachilengedwe, zomera, zinyama ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zimatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, zomwe zimakhudza miyoyo ya anthufe padziko lapansi.

Kusowa kwa nyama kumakhudza lonse unyolo wa chakudya, kuchititsa kusalinganika m'chilengedwe. Kafukufuku wochuluka akuwonetsanso kuti kuchepa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama ndi zomera ndi kowopsa pakukolola kwachilengedwe monga kuipitsa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.

Ngakhale kutha kwa nyama zomwe zimadyetsa makamaka zipatso, zotchedwa frugivores, zimasokonezanso kuthekera kwa nkhalango zam'madera otentha kuyamwa mpweya woipa (CO2) kuchokera mumlengalenga, kuchititsa kuti kusintha kwanyengo.[5]

Pofuna kupewa kutha kwa nyama, kuzindikira ndikofunikira. Ndikofunika kulimbana ndi kusaka nyama mosavomerezeka, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, moto ndi kusamala ndi nyumba zomwe zimawonedwa ngati malo achilengedwe a nyama. Kutaya zinyalala pamalo oyenera ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kukumana ndi nyama ndi zinthu zina kapena ngakhale imfa ndi asphyxia ndi kutaya kosayenera kwa pulasitiki, mwachitsanzo. [6]

Palinso ntchito zingapo zosamalira ndikuthandizira kubereketsa nyama zomwe mungathandizire, kuphatikiza mabungwe omwe si aboma (NGOs).

Nyama zonse zowopsa

Zambiri zokhudza nyama zomwe zitha kutha zitha kupezeka pa:

  • Buku Lofiira la Chico Mendes Institute: ndi chikalata chomwe chili ndi mndandanda wazinthu zonse zaku Brazil zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Kuti mupeze, pitani ku tsamba la ICMBio.
  • Mndandanda Wofiyira wa International Union for the Conservation of Natural and Natural Resources (IUCN): tsambalo, mu Chingerezi, limapereka gawo lofufuzira momwe mungalembetse dzina la nyama yomwe mukufuna kudziwa.

Munkhani ina ya PeritoAnimal, onani ena nyama zowopsa ku Brazil.

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Zinyama zowopsa ku Pantanal, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe gawo lathu la Nyama Zotayika.