Makhalidwe a Scorpion

Zamkati

• Kodi chinkhanira ndi kachirombo?
• chiyambi cha chinkhanira
• Anatomy ya Scorpion
• zonse zokhudza chinkhanira
• Khalidwe la chinkhanira
• Kodi zinkhanira zimakhala kuti?
• Kudyetsa Chinkhanira
• chimene chinkhanira chili ndi poizoni
• Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri akalumidwa ndi chinkhanira
• Zoyenera kuchita ngati pali chinkhanira
• Zidwi zina za zinkhanira

Pali mitundu yoposa 1,000 ya zinkhanira padziko lapansi. Amadziwikanso kuti lacraus kapena alacraus, amadziwika ndi kukhala nyama zakupha Omwe ali ndi thupi logawika m'mamita angapo, zikhadabo zazikulu ndi mbola yodziwika kumbuyo kwa thupi. Amakhala pafupifupi zigawo zonse zapadziko lapansi pansi pamiyala kapena mitengo ikuluikulu yamtengo ndipo amadyetsa nyama zazing'ono monga tizilombo kapena akangaude.

Pamodzi ndi ma pycnogonid odziwika, amapanga gulu la cheliceriformes, omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa chelicerae komanso kusapezeka kwa tinyanga. Komabe, ali ndi zina zambiri kapena mikhalidwe yomwe imapangitsa nyamazi kukhala zosangalatsa kwambiri. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za makhalidwe a chinkhanira, onetsetsani kuti mukuwerenga nkhaniyi ndi PeritoAnimal.

Kodi chinkhanira ndi kachirombo?

Chifukwa chakuchepa ndikapangidwe kanyama kamene kamagawika m'magawo omwe nyama izi zili nawo, titha kuganiza kuti ndi tizilombo. Komabe, ngakhale zonsezi ndi nyamakazi, zinkhanira zimagwirizana ndi akangaude, chifukwa ali m'gulu la Arachnids la subphylum ya achinyengo.

Zinkhanira zimadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa chelicerae komanso kusapezeka kwa tinyanga, pomwe tizilombo timakhala m'gulu la Insecta, lomwe limaphatikizidwa mu subphylum ya hexapods ndikusowa mawonekedwe a chelicerates. Chifukwa chake, titha kunena choncho chinkhanira si tizilombo, ndi arachnid.

Dzina la sayansi ya chinkhanira, ndithudi, limadalira mtundu wa zamoyozo. Mwachitsanzo, chinkhanira chachikaso ndi Tityus serrulatus. Dzinalo la sayansi ya emperor chinkhanira ndi Wolemba Pandinus.

chiyambi cha chinkhanira

Zakale zakumbuyo zikuwonetsa kuti zinkhanira zimawoneka ngati mawonekedwe am'madzi pafupifupi zaka 400 miliyoni zapitazo ndipo pambuyo pake adagonjetsa malo apadziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, malo am'mapapo mwa nyamazi ndi ofanana ndi malo am'miyendo ya ma Eurypterids, nyama zonyenga zomwe zatha kale m'malo am'madzi zomwe olemba ena amakhulupirira kuti zinkhanira zapadziko lapansi zimachokera.

Anatomy ya Scorpion

Poganizira kwambiri za mawonekedwe a zinkhanira zomwe zimafotokoza za anatomy ndi morphology, titha kunena kuti zinkhanira zili ndi thupi logawika magawo awiri: wokonda kapena dera lapitalo ndi opistosome kapena dera lakumbuyo, lopangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo kapena ma metamers. M'mbuyomu, magawo awiri amathanso kusiyanitsidwa: mesosome ndi metasome. Kutalika kwa thupi la zinkhanira kumatha kusiyanasiyana. Chinkhanira chachikulu kwambiri chomwe chidapezekapo ndi cha 21 cm pomwe pali zina zomwe sizifikira mamilimita 12.

Pa prossoma ali ndi carapace yokhala ndi ma ocelli awiri apakati (maso osavuta) limodzi ndi 2-5 awiriawiri a ocelli ofananira nawo. Chifukwa chake, zinkhanira zimatha kukhala ndi maso awiri kapena 10. M'dera lino mumapezekanso zowonjezera za nyama zomwe zimakhala ndi pelicera kapena zokuzira, pedipalps awiri omaliza kuzimira ndi miyendo eyiti yotchulidwa.

M'dera la messoma ndi maliseche operculum, wopangidwa ndi mbale zingapo zomwe zimabisala maliseche. Kumbuyo kwa operculum iyi ndi pectin mbale, yomwe imakhala ngati mgwirizano wa zisa, kapangidwe ka zinkhanira zokhala ndi chemoreceptor komanso magwiridwe antchito. Mu mesosome mulinso ma stigmas 8 kapena malo opumira omwe amafanana ndi mapapo oyipa, omwe ali ngati masamba amabuku azinyama. Chifukwa chake, zinkhanira zimachita kupuma kwamapapu. Momwemonso, ku messoma ndimakina am'mimba a zinkhanira.

Metasome imapangidwa ndi metamers yopapatiza kwambiri yopanga mphete kumapeto kwake komwe kuli ndulu yaululu. Zimathera mu mbola, momwe zimakhalira zinkhanira, momwe chithokomiro chomwe chimatulutsa mankhwala owopsa chimayenderera. Dziwani za mitundu 15 ya zinkhanira munkhaniyi.

zonse zokhudza chinkhanira

Makhalidwe a zinkhanira samangoyang'ana mawonekedwe awo, komanso machitidwe awo, ndipamene tiyambira.

Khalidwe la chinkhanira

Nyama izi ndizo nthawi zambiri usiku, popeza amakonda kupita kukafunafuna chakudya usiku ndikukhala osagwira ntchito masana, zomwe zimawapatsa mwayi wochepa wotaya madzi komanso kutentha kwabwino.

Khalidwe lawo panthawi yoswana ndilodabwitsa kwambiri, chifukwa amachita mtundu wa kuvina kwaukwati pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi khalidwe kwambiri. Choyamba, chachimuna chimayika spermatophore wokhala ndi umuna pansi kenako, kumugwira wamkazi, kumukoka kuti amuyike pamwamba pa spermatophore. Pomaliza, yamwamuna imakankhira mkazi pansi kuti akakamize spermatophore ndipo umuna umatseguka kuti umuna ulowe mwa mkazi.

Kodi zinkhanira zimakhala kuti?

Malo okhala zinkhanira ndi osiyana kwambiri, chifukwa amapezeka m'malo okhala ndi udzu waukulu kupita kumalo ena kouma kwambiri, koma nthawi zonse amabisala pansi pamiyala ndi zipika masana, chomwe ndichimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu kwambiri za mbewa. Amakhala pafupifupi makontinenti onse, kupatula malo omwe kumatentha kwambiri. Mwanjira imeneyi, timapeza mitundu yofanana ndi Euscorpius flaviaudis, omwe amakhala ku Africa ndi kumwera kwa Europe kapena mitundu monga Zamatsenga donensis, yomwe imapezeka m'maiko osiyanasiyana ku America.

Kudyetsa Chinkhanira

Zinkhanira ndizodya nyama, ndipo, monga tanenera, amasaka usiku. Amatha kuzindikira nyama yawo kudzera mukugwedezeka mlengalenga, pansi komanso kudzera pamagetsi. Zakudya zanu zimakhala tizilombo monga njoka, mphemvu, ntchentche ngakhale akangaude, koma amatha kudyanso abuluzi, makoswe ang'onoang'ono, mbalame komanso zinkhanira zina.

chimene chinkhanira chili ndi poizoni

Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaumoyo, adalembetsa Ngozi 154,812 zochitidwa ndi chinkhanira ku Brazil mu 2019. Nambala iyi ikuyimira 58.3% ya ngozi zonse ndi nyama zakupha mdzikolo.^[1]

O Ngozi wa zinkhanira ndi zosintha, monga zimatengera mitundu. Ngakhale mitundu ina imakhala yamtendere kwambiri ndipo imadziteteza yokha ikagwidwa, ina imakhala yaukali kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi ziphe zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zitha kuwononga iwo omwe awapeza.

Zinkhanira zonse ndi zakupha ndipo ali ndi poizoni wokhoza kupha tizilombo, nyama yawo yaikulu. Koma ndi mitundu yochepa chabe yomwe ndi yoopsa kwa ife anthu. THE chinkhanira zimayambitsa, nthawi zambiri, kumverera kofanana ndi mbola ya njuchi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizopweteka kwambiri.

Komabe, pali mitundu yomwe ili nayo ziphe zakupha kwa anthu, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi chinkhanira chakuda (Androctonus bicolor). Mbola ya chinkhanira iyi imayambitsa kupuma.

Nthendayi ya Scorpion imagwira ntchito molimbika komanso mwachangu kwa omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito ndipo amadziwika kuti neurotoxic momwe imagwirira ntchito makamaka pamanjenje. Poizoni wotere amatha kuyambitsa kufa kwa mpweya ndikupangitsa ziwalo zamagalimoto komanso kutseka kwa malamulo opumira.

Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri akalumidwa ndi chinkhanira

Zina mwazizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi poizoni wa chinkhanira ndi izi:

• Ululu m'dera lomwe lathyoledwa
• Kufiira
• Kutupa

Pazovuta zazikulu, chinkhanira chingayambitsenso:

• kusanza
• Mutu
• nseru
• kutuluka kwa minofu
• Kupweteka m'mimba
• mate kwambiri

Zoyenera kuchita ngati pali chinkhanira

Munthu akavutika ndi a chinkhanira, malangizowo ndi akuti apite mwachangu kuchipatala ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, akagwire ndikutengera nyama kuchipatala kuti gulu lachipatala lizitha kudziwa seramu yoyenera yotsutsa chinkhanira. Kujambula chithunzi cha nyama kungakhalenso kothandiza.

Seramu siimasonyezedwa nthawi zonse, zimatengera mtundu wa chinkhanira komanso poyizoni wake. Ndi dokotala yekha yemwe angayese izi ndikuwunika. Komanso dziwani kuti palibe mankhwala apanyumba ochiritsira kuluma. Komabe, pali zina zomwe muyenera kuchita mukamalumidwa ndi chinkhanira, monga kuyeretsa malo olumirako ndi sopo komanso kusadula kapena kufinya malo omwe akhudzidwa.

Zidwi zina za zinkhanira

Tsopano popeza mukudziwa main makhalidwe a chinkhanira, zidziwitso zina izi zitha kukhala zosangalatsa kwambiri:

• Amatha kukhala pakati pa 3 ndi 6 zaka, koma pali zochitika zina zomwe zimatha kukhalapo kuposa pamenepo
• M'mayiko ena, monga Mexico, nyamazi zimadziwika kuti "alacraus". M'malo mwake, m'malo osiyanasiyana m'dziko lomwelo, zinkhanira zazing'ono zimatchedwanso alacraus.
• Ali ovoviviparous kapena viviparous ndipo kuchuluka kwa ana kumasiyana pakati pa 1 ndi 100. Akachoka, zinkhanira zazikulu zimawapatsa chisamaliro cha makolo.
• Amagwiritsa ntchito zikhadabo zawo zazikulu kusaka nyama. Jakisoni wa poyizoni kudzera mu mbola zawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poteteza kapena kugwira nyama yovuta kwambiri.
• M'mayiko ena, monga China, mankhwalawa amathiridwa ndi anthu, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti ndi mankhwala.

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Makhalidwe a Scorpion, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.