Zamkati
- njoka yakhungu ndi chiani
- Makhalidwe a njoka yakhungu
- Kubereka njoka yakhungu
- Njoka yakhungu ili ndi poizoni?
- njoka zapoizoni
- njoka zopanda poizoni
Njoka yakhungu kapena cecilia ndi nyama yomwe imadzutsa chidwi chambiri ndipo sanaphunzirepo pang'ono ndi asayansi. Pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana, yam'madzi ndi yapadziko lapansi, yomwe imatha kutalika pafupifupi mita. Chimodzi kafukufuku waposachedwa lofalitsidwa ndi anthu aku Brazil mu Julayi 2020 akuwonetsa nkhani zingapo zokhudza iye.
Ndipo ndi zomwe tikukuuzani pano ku PeritoAnimal m'nkhaniyi njoka yakhungu ili ndi poizoni? Fufuzani ngati njoka yakhungu ili ndi poyizoni, mawonekedwe ake, komwe amakhala komanso momwe amabalira. Kuphatikiza apo, tidagwiritsa ntchito mwayiwu kuti tidziwitse njoka zapoizoni ndi zina zopanda poizoni. Kuwerenga bwino!
njoka yakhungu ndi chiani
Kodi mumadziwa kuti njoka yakhungu (mitundu ya dongosolo la Gymnophiona), mosiyana ndi zomwe dzinali limanena, si njoka? Ndiye zili choncho. Amadziwikanso kuti cecilia alidi amphibians, osati zokwawa, ngakhale amawoneka ngati njoka kuposa achule kapena salamanders. Chifukwa chake ali mgulu la Amphibia, lomwe lidagawika m'magulu atatu:
- Anurans: achule, achule ndi achule amtengo
- michira: zatsopano ndi salamanders
- masewera olimbitsa thupi: cecillia (kapena njoka zakhungu). Chiyambi cha lamuloli chimachokera ku Chi Greek: gymnos (nu) + ophioneos (wofanana ndi njoka).
Makhalidwe a njoka yakhungu
Njoka zakhungu zimatchedwa mawonekedwe omwe ali nawo: thupi lalitali komanso lalitali, kuphatikiza pokhala opanda mwendo, ndiye kuti, alibe miyendo.
Maso awo ndi abwinobwino, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa ambiri. Chifukwa cha izi ndichifukwa cha machitidwe ake akulu: the Njoka zakhungu zimakhala mobisa kuboola pansi (amatchedwa nyama zakale) pomwe pamakhala kuwala pang'ono. M'madera omwe mumakhala chinyezi kwambiri, amadyetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono monga chiswe, nyerere ndi mbozi zapadziko lapansi.
Cecilias amatha kusiyanitsa, pakati, pakati pa kuwala ndi mdima. Pofuna kuwathandiza kuzindikira zachilengedwe ndikupeza nyama, nyama zolusa ndi zibwenzi, ali ndi timagulu ting'onoting'ono tokhala ngati zovuta pamutu.[1]
Khungu lake limakhala lonyowa komanso lokutidwa ndi masikelo am'mimbamo, omwe ndi timatumba tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'makola oyenda mthupi, ndikupanga mphete zomwe zimathandizira pakubisalira pansi.
Mosiyana ndi njoka, zomwe njoka zakhungu nthawi zambiri zimasokonezeka, izi alibe lilime lolukirira ndipo mchira wake ndi waufupi kapena kulibeko. M'mitundu ingapo, akazi amasamalira ana awo kufikira atapeza ufulu.
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 55 ya njoka yakhungu, yayikulu kwambiri mpaka 90 cm, koma pafupifupi 2 cm m'mimba mwake, ndipo amakhala m'malo otentha.
Kubereka njoka yakhungu
THE cecilia umuna ndi mkati ndipo pambuyo pake amayiwo amaikira mazira ndikuwasunga m'makola mwa matupi awo mpaka ataswa. Mitundu ina, ikakhala mbadwa, imadya khungu la mayi. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso mitundu ya viviparous (nyama zomwe zimakhala ndi embryonic kukula m'thupi la amayi).
Njoka yakhungu ili ndi poizoni?
Mpaka posachedwapa, njoka zakhungu zimakhulupirira kuti zilibe vuto lililonse. Kupatula apo, nyamazi osalimbana ndi anthu ndipo palibe zolembedwa za anthu omwe adayipitsidwa ndi iwo. Chifukwa chake, njoka yakhunguyo siyingakhale yowopsa kapena sinaganiziridwepo motero.
Zomwe zinali kudziwika kale ndikuti amatulutsa chinthu kudzera pakhungu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti azisilira komanso kuti nawonso ali nawo Matenda akulu a poizoni pa khungu la mchira, ngati njira yodzitchinjiriza kwa adani. Imeneyi ndi njira yodzitetezera achule, achule, achule amtengo ndi salamanders, momwe chilombocho chimadzipweteketsa chokha chikaluma nyama.
Komabe, malinga ndi nkhani yomwe idasindikizidwa mu magazini yapadera ya Science 2020 ya Julayi 2020[2] ofufuza ochokera ku Butantan Institute, ku São Paulo, komanso omwe adathandizidwa ndi Foundation for Research Support of the State of São Paulo (Fapesp), akuwonetsa kuti nyama zitha kukhala zowopsa, zomwe zingakhale mawonekedwe apadera pakati pa amphibians.
Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti cecilia sanangokhala nayo mafinya owopsa Oduladula, monga ma amphibiya ena, amakhalanso ndi zotulutsa m'munsi mwa mano awo zomwe zimapanga michere yomwe imapezeka mu maapozi.
Kupezeka kwa asayansi ku Butantan Institute ndikuti njoka zakhungu ndizoyambirira kukhala ndi amphibiya kukhala ndi chitetezo chogwira ntchito, ndiye kuti, zimachitika poizoni akagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana, zomwe zimafala pakati pa njoka, akangaude ndi zinkhanira. Katsere ameneyu amene amatuluka m'matope ake amathandiziranso mafuta anyamawo ndikuthandizira kumeza kwawo. Kupondereza zoterezi pakuluma kumatulutsa poizoni, yemwe amalowa bala anachititsa, chimodzimodzi ndi komodo chinjoka, mwachitsanzo.[3]
Asayansi sanatsimikizirebe kuti goo wotuluka m'matumbo ndiwowopsa, koma zonse zikuwonetsa kuti izi zitsimikizika posachedwa.
Pachithunzipa pansipa, onani pakamwa pa cecilia wamtunduwu Siphonops annulatus. Ndikotheka kuwonera zopangitsa mano ofanana ndi njoka.
njoka zapoizoni
Ndipo ngati pakadalibe chomveka chonena za kuwopsa kwa njoka zakhungu, zomwe tikudziwa ndikuti pali njoka zingapo - tsopano njoka zenizeni - zomwe ndi zoyipa.
Zina mwazinthu zazikulu za njoka zapoizoni ndikuti ali ndi ana elliptical ndi mutu wamakona atatu. Ena mwa iwo amakhala ndi zizolowezi zamasana pomwe ena amakhala usiku. Ndipo zovuta za ziphe zawo zimatha kusiyanasiyana ndi mitundu, monganso momwe zilili ndi zizindikiro kwa ife anthu ngati titaukiridwa. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa mitundu ya njoka pakagwa ngozi, kuti madotolo azitha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ndi mankhwala oyenera ndikupereka chithandizo choyamba pakalumidwa ndi njoka.
Nawa ena mwa njoka zoopsa zomwe zilipo ku Brazil:
- choir choona
- Njoka yamphongo
- Jararaca
- Jaca pico de jackass
Ndipo ngati mukufuna kukumana ndi nyama zakupha kwambiri padziko lapansi, onerani kanemayo:
njoka zopanda poizoni
Pali njoka zingapo zomwe zimawoneka ngati zopanda vuto motero mulibe poizoni. Zina mwa izo zimatulutsa poizoni, koma sizikhala ndi vuto linalake loti lizilowetsa poyizoni mwa omwe adazunzidwa. Nthawi zambiri njoka zopanda poizonizi zimakhala ndi mitu ndi ana ozungulira.
Zina mwa njoka zopanda poizoni ndi izi:
- Boa (wabwino constrictor)
- Anaconda (Eunectes murinus)
- Canine (Pullatus Spilotes)
- Chitsitsimutso ChoirSiphlophis kupanikizika)
- Python (Python)
Tsopano popeza mumadziwa bwino njoka yakhungu komanso kuti ndi amphibiya komanso mukudziwa za njoka zina zapoizoni komanso zopanda vuto lililonse, mutha kukhala ndi chidwi ndi nkhani ina iyi yokhala ndi nyama 15 zowopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Njoka yakhungu ili ndi poizoni?, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.