Commensalism - Tanthauzo, mitundu ndi zitsanzo

Zamkati

• commensalism ndi chiyani
• Mitundu Yachikhalidwe
• Zitsanzo za Commensalism
• 1. Kugwirizana pakati pa otuta ndi nyerere
• 2. Kuyanjana pakati pa buluzi wamkulu wa El Hierro ndi kanyama kakang'ono kamiyendo yachikaso
• 3. Kufanana pakati pa mbalame zakutchire ndi mbalame zakuda
• 4. Kuyanjana pakati pa ntchentche ndi nthata
• 5. Kufanana pakati pa mbalame ndi mitengo
• 6. Kukhazikika pakati pa remora ndi shark
• 7. Kufanana pakati pa mikango ndi afisi

Mwachilengedwe, maubale angapo ophatikizika amachitika pakati pa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse cholinga. Symbiosis ndiye kulumikizana kwakutali pakati pa zamoyo ziwiri, zomwe zitha kupindulitsa mbali zonse ziwiri kapena ayi, monga momwe zimakhalira kale kapena parasitism. Pali kulumikizana, ngakhale, kuti si onse omwe akukhudzidwa omwe amadziwa kuti ndi gawo laubwenzi. Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi demokalase.

Munkhaniyi ya Animal Katswiri Commensalism - Tanthauzo, mitundu ndi zitsanzo mudzamvetsetsa bwino mitundu yomwe ilipo komanso momwe zimachitikira. Pitilizani kuwerenga!

commensalism ndi chiyani

Commensalism mu biology amatanthauziridwa ngati ubale pakati pa zamoyo ziwiri zamitundumitundu, momwe chimodzi cha izo chimapindula ndipo inayo sichipeza kanthu, osakhala abwino kapena osalimbikitsa. Zotsatira zaubwenzi wachipani chimodzi sizilowerera ndale.

Commensalism ndi mtundu wa mgwirizano womwe, mosiyana ndi ena, monga parasitism kapena predation, sichimabweretsa vuto lililonse kwa omwe akukhudzidwa. Mbali inayi, kusiyana pakati pa mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano ndiye kuti poyamba, onse awiri amalandila mapindu.

Commensalism mu microbiology adaphunziranso kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, m'madzi, tizilombo tomwe timakhala pafupi ndi madzi nthawi zambiri timapindula ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, komwe kumafunikira kuti akule. Zinyalala zake zimadutsa m'madzi mpaka kukafika pansi, pomwe dzuwa ndi mpweya zimasowa. Pamenepo, fayilo ya tizilombo anaerobic (zomwe sizikusowa mpweya kuti ukhale ndi moyo) zimasintha zinthu zomwe zimachokera pamwamba kukhala gwero la michere ndi mphamvu.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapindula ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pomwe timapanda kanthu. Teremuyo zamwamuna zitha kuwunikidwa pano. Mosiyana ndi kuchita zinthu mokomera anthu ena, m'mayanjano awa chipani chimodzi chimasokonekera pomwe china sichimakhudzidwa. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi bowa wina, monga penicillium, yomwe imatulutsa maantibayotiki, kuteteza kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya.

Mitundu Yachikhalidwe

Mukamaphunzira za ubale womwe udakhazikitsidwa pakati pa zamoyo, kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu komwe kulipo kumatikakamiza kugawika pakati pa mitundu itatu, popeza palibe njira imodzi yomwe nyama zimapindulira monga mgwirizano:

• Zojambula: mawu akuti phoresis amatanthauza ubale womwe umakhazikitsidwa pakati pa mitundu iwiri pomwe imodzi yamtunduwu imanyamula inayo. Nthawi zambiri, wonyamula samadziwa kuti wanyamula chinthu china chamoyo.
• Kugwira ntchito: Kukhazikika pantchito kumachitika nyama ikakhala m'thupi la wina kuti ikhalemo, popanda kuyambitsa vuto lililonse.
• Metabiosis: Mtundu wamtunduwu wodziwika bwino umapezeka kwambiri munyama. Zimachitika pamene mtundu wina umadya zinyalala za ina, monga ndowe zake kapena thupi lake lowola, kapena monga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe tidakambirana kale.

Zitsanzo za Commensalism

Pali maubale ambiri ogwirizana pakati pa nyama. Zambiri mwazo zimachitika pakati pa mamembala aufumuwu ndi zamoyo zochokera mu ufumu wazomera. Onani zitsanzo za commensalism:

1. Kugwirizana pakati pa otuta ndi nyerere

M'madera ena ku Argentina, komwe ubalewu wapezeka, nyengo imakhala youma kwambiri ndipo imapangitsa kukhalapo kwa okolola, nyama zamtundu wa arachnids. Mphepo yam'mlengalenga yotchedwa Anthill imapereka chinyezi chambiri chomwe chimakonda okolola. Iwo khalani mkati mwa nyerere popanda kuchititsa nyerere phindu kapena kuvulaza.

2. Kuyanjana pakati pa buluzi wamkulu wa El Hierro ndi kanyama kakang'ono kamiyendo yachikaso

Anapiye osawuluka amtundu uwu wam'madzi (larus michahellis) amabwezeretsanso chakudya chawo akawona kuti akhuta kwambiri kapena akusokonezedwa ndi mbalame zina zazikulu. Chifukwa chake, buluzi wamkulu (Gallotia simonyi) phindu kuchokera kudyetsa tizilombo regurgitated ndi mbalame yachinyamata.

3. Kufanana pakati pa mbalame zakutchire ndi mbalame zakuda

Nyenyezi (sturnus wamtundu umodzi), omwe amapezeka ku León, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Spain, amadyetsa mabulosi akuda nthawi yotentha. Akamadya, amaponya mbewu pansi kapena pamasamba a mtengo wa mabulosi. Mbalame (fringilla coelebs), nyama zolusa, fufuzani pakati pa masamba ndi nthaka ya mbewu zotayidwa ndi nyenyezi, ngakhale kuzichotsa mwachindunji m'zimbudzi za nyererezo.

4. Kuyanjana pakati pa ntchentche ndi nthata

Ichi ndi chitsanzo chodabwitsa kwambiri cha phososis. Muzipinda zoumitsira nyama, mavuto nthawi zina amapezeka ndi nthata, zomwe zimaluma nyama ndikupangitsa kuti zisayenerere kugulitsa. Pamene ma hams apachikidwa padenga, kuukira kwa nthata kumawoneka kovuta. Iwo likukhalira kuti nyama kukwera ntchentche omwe amayendera ma hams. Akafika ku ham, nthata zimachoka ntchentche. Ntchentche sizipindula kalikonse, sazindikira ngakhale kuti zanyamula nthata.

5. Kufanana pakati pa mbalame ndi mitengo

mbalame zomwe chisa m'mitengo, amapeza chitetezo kwa iwo komanso malo oti amange chisa chawo. Mitengo imalandira chilichonse, chabwino kapena choipa.

6. Kukhazikika pakati pa remora ndi shark

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazitsanzo zodziwika bwino zakusamvana. Mmenemo, mtundu wa nsomba wotchedwa remora, umadziphatika ku thupi la nsombazi kuti ugwiritse ntchito zotsalira za chakudya chake, komanso, kuti inyamulidwe. Mwanjira iyi, palibe chowopsa chomwe chimachitika kwa nsombazi.

7. Kufanana pakati pa mikango ndi afisi

Kuwona mtundu wankhondowu kunapangidwa kukhala kosavuta ndi kanema The Lion King.Zomwe zimachitika ndikuti afisi amapezerapo mwayi pa zotsalira za mikango yosaka. Akuyembekezera ndipo, mikango ikamaliza kudya, ndi nthawi yoti nawonso odyera zachilengedwe, asawononge chilichonse ubale.

Tsopano popeza mumadziwa zitsanzo za chikhalidwe komanso kumvetsetsa tanthauzo lake, kodi mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zokhudza nyama? Onerani kanemayo kuti mupeze nyama zakutchire za 10 kuchokera m'nkhalango yaku Africa:

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Commensalism - Tanthauzo, mitundu ndi zitsanzo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.