Zamkati
- Zofuna zamadzi za amphaka obadwa kumene
- Zizindikiro za kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi mwa mphaka wakhanda
- Ganizirani mphakawo
- Kwa amphaka amasiye kapena osowa zakudya m'thupi: lactation yokumba
- mkaka wokumba
- kuchuluka kwa magawidwe
- Mkaka
Mwana wamphaka ayenera kukhala ndi mayi ake ndikumwa mkaka mpaka masabata 8 kapena 10, asanatengeredwe. Palibe chomwe chimalowetsa amayi anu kuti akupatseni zakudya zomwe mukufunikira komanso chisamaliro chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wocheza bwino komanso chitetezo chamthupi. Tikulimbikitsidwa kusiya mphaka ndi amayi ake mpaka masabata 12 za moyo.
Komabe, muyenera kuyang'anira ana amphakawo ndikutsimikizira kuti akukula ndikukula kunenepa mokwanira, apo ayi muyenera kuyang'anira kudyetsa kwawo.
Ngati mayi wamwalira kapena ngati mwapeza mwana wamphaka wamasiye, muyenera kumudyetsa, choncho pitirizani kuwerenga nkhaniyi Katswiri wa Zanyama kuti mudziwe momwe mungadyetsere mphaka wakhanda.
Zofuna zamadzi za amphaka obadwa kumene
Ngati amphaka obadwa kumene ali ndi amayi awo, ali ndi udindo wowadyetsa ndipo ayenera kutero kwa milungu yosachepera 8.
Kawirikawiri onse zosowa zamadzi ayenera kutsekedwa kwathunthu ndi mkaka wa m'mawere kwa milungu ingapo yoyambirira. Zomwe zimalepheretsa kuyamwa nthawi zambiri zimatha kubweretsa kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi mwachangu. Chifukwa chake muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti ana amphaka onse akuyamwa moyenera, makamaka ngati pali zinyalala zambiri, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti zikulemera mokwanira.
THE chinyezi chilengedwe ndi gawo lomwe liyenera kuwongoleredwa: hygrometry iyenera kukhala pakati pa 55-65% makamaka amphaka omwe abadwa kumene ali kutali ndi mayi. Pachifukwachi mutha kuyika zidebe zamadzi otentha pafupi ndi zinyalala kuti mphalapala wamphongo wamphongo komanso kupuma uzimitsa madzi. Onetsetsani kuti amphaka sangathe kukwera m'mitsuko kuti asamire.
Ngati hygrometry imagwera pansi pa 35% chiopsezo cha kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi ndikofunikira kwambiri.
The hygrometry sayeneranso kupitirira 95% chifukwa izi zimatha kuyambitsa kupuma movutikira, ndipo tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timayambiranso mosavuta m'malo ozizira. Koma pankhani ya amphaka ofooka kapena obadwa masiku asanakwane zitha kukhala zosangalatsa kukhala ndi hygrometry ya 85-90%, izi zimachepetsa kutayika kwamadzi potuluka nthunzi pamlingo wa mucosal ndikuchepetsa kutentha.
Zizindikiro za kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi mwa mphaka wakhanda
Mphaka wakhanda wathanzi amagona pakati pa mkaka akudya ndi kudzuka pamene mayi ake amutulutsa ndiyeno amafunafuna chakudya chake, bere la mayi.
Chakudya chawo chikakhala chokwanira, amphaka amadzuka nthawi zambiri ndikulira. Amayamba kuchepa pang'onopang'ono ndipo samakula mokwanira. Zovuta zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi ndi kutsegula m'mimba, kuchepa madzi m'thupi, hypoglycemia ndi hypothermia.
Amphaka onse obadwa kumene omwe amadyedwa moperewera kapena kukanidwa ndi amayi awo ayenera kuthandizidwa mwachangu.
Ngati muli ndi mwana wamphaka ndipo mukufuna kudziwa masiku angati amphaka amatsegula maso awo, onani nkhaniyi ndi PeritoAnimal.
Ganizirani mphakawo
Kulemera kwa kubadwa ndichofunikira pakuwunika: amadziwika kuti kubadwa kochepa kumalumikizidwa ndi kuopsa kwa matenda a mwana wakhanda. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti amphaka 59% amphaka omwe amabadwa akufa kapena kufa m'masiku ochepa atabadwa adabadwa ochepa.
Ngati mphaka amalandira chakudya chomwe sichimakwanira thupi lake panthawi yapakati, kulemera kwa mphalapala kumatha kukhudzidwa.
Amphaka omwe abadwa kumene omwe ali ndi vuto lochepa amakhala ndi kagayidwe kake komanso mphamvu zambiri. zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi hypoglycemia.
Kuti tisunge tsambalo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulembe kulemera kwa mphalapala tsiku lililonse, kwa milungu iwiri yoyambirira.
O kulemera kwabadwa kubadwa ya mphaka ili pakati 90 - 110 magalamu, ndipo ayenera kupeza pafupifupi magalamu 15 - 30 tsiku lililonse m'mwezi woyamba (osachepera 7 - 10 magalamu tsiku lililonse) ndipo ayenera kuti amafika pawiri kubadwa kwanu mukafika masiku 14 azaka, popeza kulemera kwanu kukuwonjezeka pafupifupi magalamu 50 - 100 pa sabata . Kukhala wamwamuna kapena wamkazi sikungakhudze kuchuluka kwa kulemera kwanu m'masabata oyamba.
Kuchepetsa thupi kungakhale kovomerezeka ngati sikupitilira 10% tsiku lililonse ndipo kumangokhudza makanda ochepa okha. Kumbali ina ngati zinyalala zonse zitaya kulemera chifukwa chake chikuyenera kupezedwa mwachangu.
Kulemera kwa mphaka kukamachepetsa tsiku lililonse, chakudyacho chimakhala chosakwanira kapena chosakhala choyenera ndipo kuyesedwa kwa mayiyo kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti mupeze mastitis, metritis, kapena vuto lina lililonse lomwe lingakhudze mkaka.
Mphaka wakhanda yemwe amataya thupi kwa maola 24 kapena 48 kapena kusiya kulemera kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu ayenera kulandira chowonjezera chakudya, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino ngati mungalowerepo poyambira kuwonda.
Ubale pakati pa msinkhu ndi kulemera kwa mphaka wakhanda kuyambira pakubadwa kufikira masabata 8:
- Kubadwa: 90 - 110 magalamu
- Sabata yoyamba: magalamu 140 - 200
- Sabata yachiwiri: 180 - 300 magalamu
- Sabata lachitatu: 250 - 380 magalamu
- Sabata yachinayi: 260 - 440 magalamu
- Sabata lachisanu: 280 - 530 magalamu
- Sabata lachisanu ndi chimodzi: 320 - 600 magalamu
- Sabata lachisanu ndi chiwiri: 350 - 700 magalamu
- Sabata 8: 400 - 800 magalamu
Kwa amphaka amasiye kapena osowa zakudya m'thupi: lactation yokumba
mkaka wokumba
Mkaka wochita kupanga uyenera kukhala chakudya chomwe chimakwaniritsa bwino zosowa za amphaka obadwa kumene. Zofunikira za mphaka wa mphaka akuti ndi 21 - 26 kcal pa magalamu 100 a kulemera kwake.
Mwana wamphongo yemwe wakhala ndi mayi amalandira colostrum m'maola ake oyamba kubadwa, omwe amangogwira ntchito kupatsa michere mwana wamphaka komanso kumamupatsa chitetezo chamankhwala potumiza ma immunoglobulins. Chifukwa chake, kwa maola oyamba amoyo, m'malo mwake muyenera kupezeka choloweza m'malo chomwe chimagwira ntchito zomwezo monga colostrum. Colostrum amapangidwa ndi thupi la mphaka m'kati mwa maola 24 mpaka 72 oyamba akuyamwitsa, pambuyo pake imayamba kutulutsa mkaka.
kuchuluka kwa magawidwe
Chiwerengero cha chakudya chatsiku ndi tsiku cha mphaka wakhanda nchovuta kuwerengera. Moyenera, amphaka obadwa kumene amamwa mkaka pang'ono koma amatenga kangapo: mpaka 20 patsiku. Mtengo wogawira chakudya uyenera kukhala wokhazikika, osapitilira maola 6 pakati pa mankhwala awiri.
Koma lolani nthawi yokwanira kuti m'mimba mutulutse: maola 3-4 komanso momwe mungathere lemekezani kakulidwe ka mphaka wakhanda. M'malo mwake, kumudzutsa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta. timalangiza ena Zakumwa 4 mpaka 8 tsiku lililonse, Olekanitsidwa ndi maola 3-6.
Nthawi zambiri, ngakhale zinthu zili bwino ndipo mkaka wolowa m'malo ndi wabwino, tiana ta ziweto zomwe timadyetsa unamwino wochita kupanga nthawi zambiri zimachedwa kukula. Kuchedwa kumeneku sikuyenera kupitirira 10% ndipo kuyenera kulipidwa panthawi yomwe amasiya kuyamwa.
Mimba ya mwana wakhanda imakhala pafupifupi 50 ml / kg, nthawi zambiri mphaka amangotenga pafupifupi 10-20 ml pa mkaka, choncho mkaka wofunikira ndikofunika kuthana ndi zosowa za anawo.
Ngati mphamvu ya mkaka ndiyotsika kwambiri, tiyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa omwe amatenga. Poterepa, kuti tithandizire pazakudya, timapanga madzi owonjezera omwe angakhudze kuchuluka kwa madzi ndikuwononga impso. Kumbali inayi, ngati cholowa m'malo mwa mkaka ndi champhamvu kwambiri kapena ngati mumapereka kwambiri kwa mwana wamphaka, atha kukhala ndi matenda otsekula m'mimba osokonezeka kapena matenda ena am'mimba.
Mkaka
Kapangidwe ka mkaka wa paka kamasintha mkati mwa maola 72 pambuyo pobereka ndikuyamba kutulutsa mkaka wokha m'malo mwa colostrum. Mkaka ndiwo chakudya chokhacho cha mphaka wobadwa kumene mpaka atasiya kuyamwa. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, mkaka wa m'mawere.
O mkaka wa m'mawere Iyenera kukonzedwa isanaperekedwe ku mphaka ndipo iyenera kuperekedwa kudzera mu jakisoni wosabala kapena mabotolo, ndibwino kuti mphaka aliyense akhale ndi botolo lake. Ndikofunika kuti musakonzekere mkaka pasadakhale, koma ngati mukuyenera kutero, sungani mufiriji pazotentha kwambiri za 4ºC, osapitilira maola 48. Mkaka uyenera kuperekedwa kwa a kutentha 37-38 ° C, ndibwino kuzitentha mu bain-marie chifukwa kuzitenthetsa mu microwave kumatha kupanga thovu lotentha kwambiri lamadzi ndi ena ozizira kwambiri.
Amphaka akavomera kuti amwetsedwe botolo, uku ndiye mkhalidwe wabwino: motere, mphaka wakhanda amasiya kuyamwa akakhala ndi mkaka wokwanira. Koma mphaka wakhanda ayenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe oyamwa kuti amwetsedwe m'botolo, apo ayi atha kukhala ndi mavuto akumeza.
Majirinji ndi oyenera kwambiri ku mphaka zosakwana masabata anayi chifukwa nthawi zambiri mawere a mabotolo ndi aakulu kwambiri kwa iwo kapena amakhala ndi msuzi wambiri wamadzimadzi.
Amphaka pakati pa sabata limodzi kapena atatu amafunikira makoko awiri akuluakulu a magalamu 110 aulemu wamoyo maola awiri kapena atatu aliwonse.
Kuti mudyetse mphaka, muikeni pamalo omwe akanakhala kuti akanatha kuyamwa kuchokera kwa mayi ake: mutu utakwera m'mimba ndi chopukutira, ndikulola kuti liyamwe mpaka silimva njala, koma samalani kuti musazipereke mopitirira muyeso . Muyenera kukhala odekha mukamamudyetsa kuti azimva kudzidalira komanso kumasuka, komanso mumulole kuti atenge nthawi yanu akuyamwitsa kuti apewe mavuto akudya kapena kudya kwambiri.
Mukangomaliza kuyamwitsa mwana wamphongoyo chagona chagada ndikusisita bwino pamimba pake, mukadakhala ndi amayi ake imanyambita mimba kapena maliseche kuti matumbo ake apange matumbo olimba kapena ampweya. Gawo ili ndilofunika kwambiri.
Kenako ikani mphaka pabedi panu kuti azitha kupuma ndikupuma. Pitirizani kumudyetsa chonchi mpaka itakwana nthawi yoti ayambe kuyamwa ndipo pang'onopang'ono ayambitseni mtundu wina wa chakudya.
Nthawi zambiri zimayenera kuyamba ndi onjezerani chakudya masabata anayi, koma amphaka ena amadya mkaka wokha mpaka milungu 8, chifukwa chake muyenera kufunsa veterinarian kuti mupeze nthawi yoyenera yosiyitsa ndi kudziwa zosowa za mwana wanu wamphongo wakhanda.
