Zamkati
- Kodi lilime labuluu m'zinyama ndi chiyani?
- Kodi malirime oyipa atha kupatsira anthu?
- Ndi virus iti yomwe imayambitsa matenda a malirime?
- Zizindikiro Za Bluetongue M'zinyama
- Zizindikiro za nkhosa yomwe ili ndi kachilombo ka bluetue:
- Matenda a Bluetongue matenda
- Kuwongolera malirime a nyama
- Kupewa malilime ndi nyama
Matenda a Bluetongue kapena malignant bluetongue (MFC) ndi njira yopatsirana, koma yopatsirana pakati pa nyama, ngati udzudzu kupatsira. Nyama zomwe zitha kutenga kachilomboka ndizomwe zimaweta zoweta, koma ndi nkhosa zokha zomwe zimawonetsa zizindikiro zamatendawa. Anthu sangakhudzidwe, chifukwa chake si zoonosis.
Ng'ombe ndizosungira bwino kwambiri kachilomboka chifukwa cha viremia yawo yayitali. Pathogenesis ya matendawa, kachilomboka kamayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa endothelium ya mitsempha. Matendawa ndi opangidwa ndi labotale ndipo palibe mankhwala, chifukwa ndichachidziwitso chovomerezeka pamndandanda A wa World Organisation for Animal Health.
Pitirizani kuwerenga nkhani iyi ya PeritoAnimal kuti mudziwe zonse Matenda Akulankhula Buluu - Zizindikiro ndi Kupewa.
Kodi lilime labuluu m'zinyama ndi chiyani?
Lilime loyipa kapena matenda amtundu wabulu ndi matenda opatsirana koma osati opatsirana.
Ngakhale lilime labuluu limatha kupezeka mu ng'ombe kapena mbuzi, nthawi zambiri samawonetsa zizindikiro zamankhwala; komabe, ng'ombe nthawi zambiri zimakhala malo osungira udzudzu. Kuphatikiza apo, kachilomboka kangakhale m'magazi kwa mwezi umodzi mpaka mwezi ndi theka kuti kakhale kachilombo kwa udzudzu womwe umafalitsa, mosiyana ndi nkhosa ndi mbuzi komwe viremia yayikulu (magazi m'magazi) imatha masiku osapitilira 15 .
Chifukwa chake, malirime amtundu wa ng'ombe ndi mbuzi sikofunikira kwenikweni, koma ndikofunikira mu matenda am'magazi, chifukwa amadziwika kuti ndi malo osungira udzudzu, makamaka ng'ombe. Dziwani m'nkhani ina iyi matenda ofala kwambiri ng'ombe.
Mu nkhosa, matendawa akhoza kukhala owopsa, ndi Kufa kwapakati pa 2% mpaka 30%, ngakhale itha kufikira 70%.
Malignant Bluetongue kapena Bluetongue Disease ndi matenda omwe adalembedwa mu OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code ndipo amayenera kudziwitsidwa ku World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Ndi matenda ofunikira kwambiri zachuma m'madera ovuta, chifukwa amabweretsa kuwonongeka kwachuma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kupanga ndi kufa, osalunjika ndi mtengo wothandizira ndi zoletsa kugulitsa nyama.
Kodi malirime oyipa atha kupatsira anthu?
Ayi, matenda a malirime si zoonosis, ndi matenda omwe amangokhalira zoweta zokha, ali ndi zizindikiro kapena alibe. Kuphatikiza apo, sichitha kufalikira mwachindunji pakati pawo, chifukwa chimafunikira vekitala, ngati ndi udzudzu umodzi.
Ndi virus iti yomwe imayambitsa matenda a malirime?
Bluetongue ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo ka Bluetongue, a Vuto la RNA la banja Reoviridae ndi jenda Orbiviruses, imafalikira ndi ma vekitala. Makamaka, ndi udzudzu wamtunduwu Zilonda zam'madzi:
- Zamatsenga
- Cullicoides wachikale
- Cullicoides pulicaris
- dewulfi Cullicoids
Udzudzuwu umakhala ndi nthawi yogwirira masana komanso usiku, ndipo umapezeka m'malo otentha pang'ono, okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri mlengalenga komanso mlengalenga. Chifukwa chake, kufalitsa ma virus kumachitika makamaka mu nyengo yamvula ndi kutentha.
Chifukwa chakufunika kwa kachilombo ka udzudzu, madera amtundu wa lilime amalumikizana ndi zigawo za vector, makamaka Europe, North America, Africa, Asia, Australia ndi zilumba zingapo kumadera otentha ndi madera otentha.
Kuphatikiza pakupatsirana kwa akazi a udzudzu chifukwa cha chizolowezi chawo choyamwa magazi, zimawonedwa kuti Kupatsirana kwa umuna ndi umuna.
Kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa lilime loyipa kamakhala ndi mitundu yoposa 27, koma ndimayimidwe odziyimira pawokha osayanjananso, chifukwa Katemera woyenera makamaka kwa serotype yomwe ikufunsidwa pakuphulika kulikonse.
Zizindikiro Za Bluetongue M'zinyama
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amtundu wa bluetongue malignant fever kapena matenda abuluu amatchulidwanso koyambirira kwamatenda m'matumba a epithelium ndi ma lymph node. Kuchokera pamenepo, imafalikira kudzera m'magazi kupita ku ma lymph node ndi mapapu ena, otetezedwa ndi kulowa m'maselo ofiira ofiira. Kachilombo zimayambitsa kuwonongeka makamaka ku endothelium ya mitsempha, zomwe zingayambitse edema, vasculitis, hemorrhage, microthrombi ndi necrosis.
Vuto la Bluetongue likhoza kuchulukirachulukira mu ma macrophages ndi ma lymphocyte. Kuvulala kumeneku kumawonekera kwambiri mu mkamwa, m'kamwa ndi ziboda.
Zizindikiro za nkhosa yomwe ili ndi kachilombo ka bluetue:
- Fever masiku 5-7 mutadwala.
- Kutsekemera kwa kutuluka kwa magazi m'mphuno.
- Kutulutsa kumaso kwa magazi.
- Kutupa kwa milomo, lilime ndi nsagwada.
- Psyalorrhea (hypersalivation).
- Matenda okhumudwa.
- Matenda a anorexia.
- Kufooka.
- Kuyenda wopunduka.
- Ubweya wagwa.
- Kupuma kovuta.
- Kutsekula m'mimba.
- Kusanza.
- Chibayo.
- Kuchotsa mimba.
- Hyperemia mu gulu la ziboda.
- Edema pankhope ndi m'khosi.
- Kutuluka kwa magazi ndi zotupa m'kamwa ndi m'mphuno.
- Mitsempha yamagazi imatuluka magazi.
- Magazi pakhungu ndi minofu yolumikizana.
- Minofu necrosis.
- Lung edema.
- Kutupa kwa lilime ndi cyanosis (lilime labuluu).
Timatsindika kuti kachilombo ka bluetue sipanga zizindikiro zamatenda a ng'ombe ndi mbuzi, kotero tidayang'ana kwambiri pazizindikiro za nkhosa.
Kuti mumvetse bwino zizindikilo za ng'ombe yodwala - zisonyezo zakumva kupweteka kwa ng'ombe, musaphonye nkhani iyi ya PeritoAnimal.
Matenda a Bluetongue matenda
Poganizira zomwe zatchulidwazi mu nkhosa, matenda otsatirawa ayenera kuganiziridwa:
- Buluu kapena malirime oyipa.
- Matenda Opatsirana Pododermatitis.
- Ectima imafalikira.
- Matenda apansi ndi pakamwa.
- Mliri wocheperako.
- Kutentha kwa Chigwa cha Rift.
- Nthomba ya nkhosa.
Kuphatikiza pazizindikiro zamatenda omwe nkhosazo zimakula, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matendawa. kutenga zitsanzo ndi kuzitumiza ku labotale kukayezetsa magazi molunjika kapena mwanjira zina. Inu mayesero achindunji omwe amazindikira kachilomboka m'magazi ndi seramu ndi EDTA, lilime, mucosa wamphongo, ndulu, mapapo, ma lymph node kapena mtima ndi awa:
- Antigen imagwira ELISA.
- Direct immunofluorescence.
- RT-PCR.
- Kusintha kwamphamvu.
Inu mayesero osadziwika kuyang'ana ma antibodies ku kachilombo mu seramu ya nkhosa zopanda katemera ndi awa:
- Elisa kuchokera pampikisano.
- Yolunjika ELISA.
- Agar gel osakaniza immunodiffusion.
- Kusintha kwamphamvu
- Kuphatikiza kwa Wothandizira.
Kuwongolera malirime a nyama
Palibe mankhwala ochiritsira malirime kapena malirime oyipa. Chifukwa ndi matenda odziwika pa OIE Mndandanda A ndipo owopsa kwa nkhosa, mankhwalawa mwatsoka ndi oletsedwa. Zomwe lamuloli limafuna ndikudzipha kwa nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilombo ndikuwononga matupi awo.
Popeza nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilombo sizingachiritsidwe, kuchepetsa matenda kumakhazikitsidwa Njira zodzitetezera kupewa kachilombo ndi matenda ngati mukukayikira kapena kuphulika kwa mliri.
Kupewa malilime ndi nyama
- Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo achitetezo ndi malo owunikira.
- Letsani pa kayendedwe ka zinyama m'malo otetezedwa.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso othamangitsira udzudzu.
- Entomological ndi serological zowongolera mu ruminants.
- Katemera wa nkhosa ndi mtundu winawake wa kuphulika.
- Kuwongolera mayendedwe anyama ndi kupatsira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'galimoto zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Lengezani kwa oyang'anira milandu yonse yomwe ikubwera.
Kupewera moyenera matenda amtundu wamtundu kapena malirime oyipa ndikofunikira kupulumutsa miyoyo ya nyamazi.
Timatsindikanso kuti ndikofunikira kuti tisasokoneze matenda a malilime ndi agalu, omwe amapezeka pazifukwa zina zosagwirizana ndi matenda aliwonse. Werengani nkhani yathu ya Agalu Opangidwa ndi Bluetongued: Mitundu ndi Makhalidwe kuti muwadziwe.
Nkhaniyi ndi yongofuna kudziwa zambiri, ku PeritoAnimal.com.br sitingathe kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala kapena mtundu uliwonse wa matenda. Tikukulangizani kuti mupite ndi chiweto chanu kuchipatala ngati chili ndi vuto lililonse.
Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Matenda a Bluetongue mu Zinyama - Zizindikiro ndi Kupewa, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la matenda a kachilombo.