Matenda a Equine - Zizindikiro ndi Kupewa

Zamkati

• Kodi glanders ndi chiyani?
• Chifukwa cha mimbulu ya equine
• Kodi zotengera za equine zimafalikira motani?
• Kodi Zizindikiro za ma gland?
• Zizindikiro zofanana za m'mapapo mwanga
• Zizindikiro zofananira zofananira
• Matenda ofanana ndi matenda
• Matendawaózosokonezaíkokha miseche ya equine
• Matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito equine glanders
• Momwe mungachiritse ma gland
• kupewa glanders

Matendawa ndi matenda oyambitsa bakiteriya omwe amakhudza kwambiri mahatchi, ngakhale nthendayi imatsalira posachedwa ndipo nyama zina zimatha kutenga kachilomboka. Anthu amathanso kutenga matendawa, ndiye ndi chidziwitso chovomerezeka zoonosis. Mwamwayi, tsopano yawonongedwa m'maiko ambiri, komabe palinso milandu ku Brazil.

glanders amatha kuwonetsa mitundu yayikulu yokhala ndi tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono ndi zilonda zam'mimba m'mapweya, mitundu yayitali kapena yopanda tanthauzo, momwe akavalo amakhalabe onyamula ndi kufalitsa mabakiteriya m'moyo wonse. Pitirizani kuwerenga nkhani iyi ya PeritoAnimal kuti mudziwe zambiri za matenda a equine - zizindikiro ndi matenda.

Kodi glanders ndi chiyani?

Miseche ya equine ndi a matenda opatsirana ya bakiteriya yoopsa kwambiri yomwe imakhudza akavalo, nyuru ndi abulu, ndipo ali ndi kuthekera koonotic, ndiko kuti, imatha kufalikira kwa anthu. Popanda chithandizo, mahatchi 95% amatha kufa ndi matendawa, ndipo mahatchi ena amatenga matendawa ndikupitiliza kufalitsa mabakiteriya mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wawo.

Kuphatikiza pa akavalo, nyulu ndi abulu, mamembala am'banja la felidae (monga mikango, akambuku kapena amphaka) ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale nyama zina monga agalu, mbuzi, nkhosa ndi ngamila zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi matendawa. Kumbali inayi, ng'ombe, nkhumba ndi nkhuku zimagonjetsedwa ndi zibangili.

Matendawa amapezeka m'malo ena a South America, Africa, Asia ndi Middle East. Idafafanizidwa m'maiko ambiri mkatikati mwa zaka zapitazi ndipo kufalikira kwake ndikosowa masiku ano, komabe, pali zolemba zaposachedwa, kuphatikiza 2021, m'maiko osiyanasiyana aku Brazil.^[1]

Mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa miseche idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chamoyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko I ndi II yolimbana ndi anthu, nyama ndi akavalo omwe ali ankhondo.

Ngati muli ndi eni mahatchi, tikulimbikitsanso kuti tiwerenge nkhaniyi pamatenda ofala kwambiri pamahatchi.

Chifukwa cha mimbulu ya equine

miseche imayambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya, makamaka bakiteriya wa Gram negative wotchedwachikumbutso mallei, wa banja la Burkholderiaceae. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadziwika kale kuti Pseudomonas mallei, ndipo ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi Burkholderia pseudomallei, zomwe zimayambitsa melioidosis.

Kodi zotengera za equine zimafalikira motani?

Kutumiza kwa mabakiteriyawa kumachitika mwa kukhudzana mwachindunji kapena ndi ziwalo za kupuma ndi khungu la omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, ndipo mahatchi ndi amphaka ali ndi kachilomboka mwa kumeza chakudya kapena madzi owonongeka ndi mabakiteriya, komanso ma aerosol kapena zotupa pakhungu ndi mucosal.

Kumbali ina, owopsa kwambiri ndi akavalo omwe ali ndi matenda obisika kapena osachiritsika, omwe amanyamula mabakiteriyawa koma samawonetsa zizindikilo za matendawa, chifukwa amakhala opatsirana m'miyoyo yawo yonse.

Munkhani ina mutha kudziwa kuti ndi zomera ziti zomwe ndi zoopsa kwa akavalo.

Kodi Zizindikiro za ma gland?

Zomwe zimangokhala pamahatchi zimatha kukhala bwino, mopanda malire kapena mosagwirizana. Mwa mitundu yomwe imayambitsa zizindikilo, timapeza zitatu: m'mphuno, m'mapapo mwanga ndi cutaneous. Ngakhale ziwiri zoyambirira zimakhudzana kwambiri ndi matenda pachimake, zonyoza zomwe zimadulidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta. Nthawi yosakaniza nthawi zambiri imakhala. pakati pa 2 ndi 6 milungu.

Zizindikiro zofananira zammphuno

Pakati pa mphuno, zilonda kapena zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikhoza kuchitika:

• Minyewa yakuya ya m'mphuno.
• Zilonda zam'mphuno zam'mimba, ndipo nthawi zina m'mphako ndi trachea.
• Kutulutsa kwapadera kapena kwamayiko awiri, purulent, wandiweyani komanso wachikasu.
• Nthawi zina kutulutsa magazi.
• Kutulutsa kwaphuno.
• Kukulitsa ma submaxillary lymph node, omwe nthawi zina amatulutsa ndi kukhetsa mafinya.
• Zipsera zopangidwa ndi nyenyezi.
• Malungo.
• Tsokomola.
• Kupuma kovuta.
• Matenda a anorexia.

Zizindikiro zofanana za m'mapapo mwanga

Mwa mawonekedwe azachipatala, zotsatirazi zimachitika:

• Zilonda zam'mimba m'mapapu.
• Zinsinsi zimatumizidwa kumtunda wapamwamba wa kupuma.
• Kufewa kapena kupuma movutikira.
• Tsokomola.
• Malungo.
• Mpweya umamveka.
• Zochepa.
• Kuperewera pang'onopang'ono.
• Kutsekula m'mimba.
• Polyuria.
• Zotupa m'ziwalo zina monga ndulu, chiwindi ndi impso.

Zizindikiro zofananira zofananira

M'magulu onyentchera, zizindikiro izi zimachitika:

• Mitundu yopanda pake kapena yakuya pakhungu.
• Zilonda pakhungu.
• Mafuta obisalapo, obiriwira komanso achikasu.
• Kukula ndi kutupa ma lymph node apafupi.
• Zombo za mitsempha yodzaza ndi mafinya komanso zolimba, nthawi zambiri kumapeto kapena mbali za thunthu; kawirikawiri pamutu kapena m'khosi.
• Nyamakazi ndi edema.
• Ululu wa paws.
• Kutupa kwamatenda kapena orchitis.
• Kutentha kwakukulu (abulu ndi nyulu).
• Zizindikiro za kupuma (makamaka abulu ndi nyulu).
• Imfa m'masiku ochepa (abulu ndi nyulu).

milandu asymptomatic kapena subclinical Ndizoopsa zenizeni chifukwa ndizo zimayambitsa matenda. Kwa anthu, matendawa nthawi zambiri amapha popanda chithandizo.

Matenda ofanana ndi matenda

Kuzindikira kwa glanders pamahatchi kutengera mayeso azachipatala ndi labotale.

Matendawaózosokonezaíkokha miseche ya equine

Maonekedwe azizindikiro zamatenda omwe tafotokozawa ayenera kuyambitsa kukayikira matendawa, koma mulimonsemo ayenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi njira zina mu akavalo amene zimayambitsa zizindikiro zofananira, monga:

• Wofanana adenitis.
• Sporotrichosis.
• Zilonda zam'mimba lymphangitis.
• Epizootic lymphangitis.
• Pseudotuberculosis.

pa necropsy, ndizotheka kuwunikira zotsatirazi kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo akavalo:

• Ulceration ndi lymphadenitis mu mphuno.
• Mitsempha yamagulu, kuphatikiza, ndi kufalikira chibayo chamapapo.
• Mitundu ya Pyogranulomatous m'chiwindi, ndulu ndi impso.
• Lymphangitis.
• Orchitis.

Matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito equine glanders

Zitsanzo zomwe asonkhanitsa kuti apeze matendawa ndi magazi, exudates ndi mafinya ku zotupa, timagulu ting'onoting'ono, mayendedwe apandege komanso khungu lomwe lakhudzidwa. Mayeso omwe amapezeka kuti azindikire mabakiteriya ndi awa:

• Chikhalidwe ndi utoto: zitsanzo zimachokera ku zotupa kapena ma exudates. Mabakiteriya amabzalidwa pakatikati mwa magazi kwa maola 48, momwe zimatha kuwonetsedwa zoyera, zowonekera bwino komanso zowoneka bwino, zomwe zimasanduka zachikasu, kapena pa glycerin agar, pomwe patatha masiku ochepa wosanjikiza, wonyezimira, wofewa komanso wofewa ziwoneka kuti imatha kukhala yolimba, yolimba komanso yakuda. Mabakiteriya pachikhalidwe amadziwika ndi mayeso amankhwala amuzolengedwa. B. mallei itha kudetsedwa ndikuwonetsedwa pansi pa microscope yokhala ndi methylene buluu, Giemsa, Wright kapena Gram.
• PCR weniweni: kusiyanitsa pakati B. mallei ndipo B. pseudomallei.
• mayeso a malein: Zothandiza kumadera omwe amapezeka. Ndi hypersensitivity reaction yomwe imalola kudziwika kwa akavalo omwe ali ndi kachilombo. Amakhala ndi kutulutsa kachigawo kakang'ono ka mapuloteni a bakiteriya ndi jakisoni wa intrapalpebral. Ngati nyamayo ili ndi chiyembekezo, kutupa kwa zikope kumachitika pakatha maola 24 kapena 48 kutenthedwa. Ngati atenthedwa mozemba m'malo ena, zimayambitsa kutupa ndi m'mbali komwe sikungapweteke tsiku lotsatira. Fomu yodziwika kwambiri ndikutemera pogwiritsa ntchito madontho amaso, kuchititsa conjunctivitis ndi purulent kutulutsa maola 5 mpaka 6 pambuyo poyang'anira, ndi kutalika kwa maola 48. Izi, ngati zili zabwino, zimatsagana ndi malungo. Ikhoza kupereka zotsatira zosadziwika pamene matendawa ali ovuta kapena kumapeto kwa gawo losatha.
• Kukhazikika ndi Rose Bengal: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ku Russia, koma osadalirika pamahatchi okhala ndi zotupa zosatha.

Kumbali inayi, mayeso odalirika kwambiri kuzindikira matenda am'magazi ndi:

• Chophatikiza cha zowonjezera: amawonedwa ngati mayeso ovomerezeka pamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi ndipo amatha kudziwa ma antibodies kuyambira sabata yoyamba atadwala.
• ELISA.

Momwe mungachiritse ma gland

Chifukwa ndi matenda owopsa, chithandizo chanu chikukhumudwitsidwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumadera okhaokha, koma amabweretsa nyama zomwe zimanyamula mabakiteriya ndipo zimafalitsa matendawa, chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti musawachiritse, ndipo mulibe katemera.

kupewa glanders

Miseche ili mu mndandanda wa matenda ovomerezeka ofotokozera akavalo ndi World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), chifukwa chake, akuluakulu akuyenera kudziwitsidwa, ndipo zofunikira ndi zochita zitha kufunsidwa mu OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code. Zimadziwika kuti nyama zomwe zimapeza zotsatira zabwino pakuyesa matenda m'dera lomwe mulibe matendawa (omwe sianthu wamba) odzipereka chifukwa choopsa pangozi yathanzi komanso kuopsa kwa matendawa. Mitembo iyenera kuwotchedwa chifukwa cha kuwopsa kwawo.

Pakabuka kuphulika kwa ma equine, khalani ndiokhaokha malo omwe mahatchi amapezeka, ndikuyeretsa kwathunthu ndikuchotsa matenda m'malo ndi zinthu, akavalo ndi ma fomite ena. Nyama zomwe zitha kutenga matenda ziyenera kusungidwa kutali ndi malo awa kwa miyezi ingapo, chifukwa matenda kapena kufalikira kwa matendawa ndiwokwera kwambiri, kotero kuti malo omwe nyama zimasonkhanira zikuyimira chiopsezo chachikulu.

M'madera opanda ming'alu, ndizoletsedwa kuitanitsa mahatchi, nyama zawo kapena zinthu zochokera kumayiko omwe ali ndi matendawa. Pankhani yolowetsa mahatchi, mayesero olakwika amafunikira (malein test and complementation fixation) musanakwere nyama, zomwe zimabwerezedwa panthawi yokhayokha yomwe idachitika pobwera.

Nkhaniyi ndi yongofuna kudziwa zambiri, ku PeritoAnimal.com.br sitingathe kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala kapena mtundu uliwonse wa matenda. Tikukulangizani kuti mupite ndi chiweto chanu kuchipatala ngati chili ndi vuto lililonse.

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Matenda a Equine - Zizindikiro ndi Kupewa, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe gawo lathu la Matenda a Bakiteriya.