Zamkati
- Madera 5 a Whittaker a Zamoyo
- 1. Ufumu wa Monera
- 2. Ufumu Woteteza
- 3. Nkhumba Zaufumu
- 4. Bzalani Ufumu
- 5. Kingdom Animalia
- Kodi mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zazamoyo padziko lapansi?
Zamoyo zonse zimakhala m'magulu asanu, kuyambira mabakiteriya ang'onoang'ono mpaka anthu. Gulu ili lili ndi maziko oyambira omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi wasayansi Robert Whittaker, yomwe idathandizira kwambiri pakuphunzira zolengedwa zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi.
Kodi mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za Madera 5 azamoyo? Munkhaniyi ndi PeritoAnimal, tikambirana za kugawidwa kwa zinthu zamoyo kukhala maufumu asanu komanso mikhalidwe yawo yayikulu.
Madera 5 a Whittaker a Zamoyo
Robert Whittaker anali katswiri wodziwika bwino wazomera ku United States yemwe amayang'ana kwambiri kusanthula mdera lazomera. Ndiye munthu woyamba kupempha kuti zamoyo zonse zigawidwe m'malo asanu. Whittaker anali ndi mawonekedwe awiri ofunikira:
- Kugawidwa kwa zamoyo malinga ndi zakudya zawo: kutengera kuti chamoyo chimadyetsa kudzera mu photosynthesis, mayamwidwe kapena kuyamwa. Photosynthesis ndi njira yomwe zomera zimayenera kutengera kaboni m'mlengalenga ndikupanga mphamvu. Kuyamwa ndi njira yodyetsera, mwachitsanzo, mabakiteriya. Kuyamwa ndikutenga zakudya pakamwa. Dziwani zambiri zakugawika kwa nyama malinga ndi chakudya m'nkhaniyi.
- Kugawidwa kwa zamoyo malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma cell: timapeza zamoyo za prokaryote, ma eukaryote amtundu umodzi komanso ma eukaryote ambirimbiri. Ma Prokaryote ndi tinthu tamoyo tina tating'onoting'ono, tomwe timapangidwa ndi khungu limodzi, ndipo amadziwika kuti alibe khutu mkati mwawo, zomwe zimapezeka m'mabalamo zimabalalika mkati mwa selo. Zamoyo za eukaryotic zitha kukhala zamitundu iwiri kapena zingapo (zopangidwa ndimaselo awiri kapena kupitilira apo), ndipo mawonekedwe ake akulu ndikuti chibadwa chawo chimapezeka mkati mwa kapangidwe kotchedwa khutu, mkati mwa khungu kapena maselo.
Kuphatikiza mawonekedwe omwe amapanga magawo awiri am'mbuyomu, Whittaker adagawa zamoyo zonse maufumu asanu: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae ndi Animalia.
1. Ufumu wa Monera
Ufumu monera zikuphatikizapo tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta prokaryotic. Ambiri mwa iwo amadyetsa kudzera mu kuyamwa, koma ena amatha kuchita photosynthesis, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi cyanobacteria.
mkati mwa ufumuwo monera tinapeza magawo awiri, ya archaebacteria, zomwe ndi tizilombo tomwe timakhala m'malo ovuta kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, malo okhala ndi kutentha kwambiri, monga matenthedwe otentha pansi panyanja. Komanso subkingdom ya eubacteria. Eubacteria amatha kupezeka pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi, amatenga mbali zofunika pamoyo wapadziko lapansi ndipo zina zimayambitsa matenda.
2. Ufumu Woteteza
Mzindawu umaphatikizapo zamoyo ma eukaryote omwe ali ndi khungu limodzi ndi ena tizilombo tosiyanasiyana zosavuta. Pali zigawo zitatu zazikulu zaulamuliro wa Protist:
- Algae: tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta m'madzi tomwe timapanga photosynthesis. Amasiyana kukula, kuyambira mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri, monga ma micromonas, kupita kuzinthu zazikulu zomwe zimatha kutalika mamita 60.
- Kutulutsa: makamaka tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, tating'onoting'ono, komanso chakudya chokwanira (monga amoebas). Amapezeka pafupifupi m'malo onse okhala ndipo amakhala ndi tizirombo tating'onoting'ono ta anthu ndi nyama zoweta.
- protist bowaOtsutsa omwe amatenga chakudya chawo kuchokera kuzinthu zakufa. Amagawidwa m'magulu awiri, nkhungu zazing'ono ndi madzi. Otsutsa ambiri ngati bowa amagwiritsa ntchito ma pseudopods ("mapazi abodza") kuti asunthe.
3. Nkhumba Zaufumu
Ufumu bowa wapangidwa ndi ma multicellular ma eukaryotic zamoyo zomwe zimadyetsa kudzera mu mayamwidwe. Tizilombo tomwe timavunda kwambiri, tomwe timatulutsa michere ya m'mimba ndi kuyamwa mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi michere imeneyi. Mu ufumu uwu mumapezeka mitundu yonse ya bowa ndi bowa.
4. Bzalani Ufumu
Dera ili limapangidwa ndi ma multicellular ma eukaryotic zamoyo omwe amapanga photosynthesis. Kupyolera mu izi, zomera zimapanga chakudya chawo kuchokera ku carbon dioxide ndi madzi omwe amawatenga.Zomera zilibe mafupa olimba, motero maselo awo onse amakhala ndi khoma lomwe limawathandiza kuti akhale okhazikika.
Amakhalanso ndi ziwalo zogonana zomwe zimakhala zamagulu ambiri ndipo zimapanga mazira m'masiku amoyo wawo. Zamoyo zomwe titha kuzipeza mderali ndi, mwachitsanzo, moss, ferns ndi maluwa.
5. Kingdom Animalia
Malo awa amapangidwa ma multicellular ma eukaryotic zamoyo. Amadyetsa mwa kumeza, kudya chakudya ndikuchipukusa m'matumba apadera mthupi lawo, monga m'mimba momwe zimakhalira. Palibe chamoyo chilichonse muufumuwu chomwe chili ndi khoma lamaselo, lomwe limapezeka muzomera.
Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha nyama ndikuti amatha kusuntha kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo ena, mochulukira mwakufuna kwawo. Zinyama zonse padziko lapansi zili mgululi, kuyambira masiponji am'madzi mpaka agalu ndi anthu.
Kodi mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zazamoyo padziko lapansi?
Zinyama zonse zokhudzana ndi nyama, kuyambira ma dinosaurs am'madzi mpaka nyama zomwe zimadya padziko lapansi pano. Khalani Katswiri wa Zinyama inunso!