Zamkati
- Kodi fish lung
- Nsomba zamapapu: mawonekedwe
- Nsomba zamapapo: kupuma
- Piramboia
- African lungfish
- Nsomba zam'mapapo ku Australia
Inu nsomba zamapapu kupanga gulu kawirikawiri nsomba wachikale kwambiri, zomwe zimatha kupuma mpweya. Mitundu yonse yazamoyo mgululi imakhala kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi, ndipo monga nyama zam'madzi, biology yawo imatsimikizika motere.
Munkhaniyi ndi PeritoZinyama, tidzalowa mdziko la nsomba zam'mapapu, momwe amawonekera, momwe amapumira, ndipo tiwona ena zitsanzo zamoyo a nsomba zam'mapapu ndi mawonekedwe awo.
Kodi fish lung
Inu dipnoic kapena lungfish ndi gulu la nsomba zam'kalasi magwire, momwe nsomba zomwe zili nazo zipsepse za lobed kapena mnofu.
Ubale wamsonkho wam'madzi ndi nsomba zina umabweretsa mikangano yambiri komanso mikangano pakati pa ofufuza. Ngati, monga akukhulupirira, mtundu wapano ndi wolondola, nyamazi ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana kwambiri ndi gulu la nyama (Tetrapodomorpha) lomwe lidayambitsa mafinya amtetrapod apano.
amadziwika pano mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yam'mapazi, m'magulu awiri, lepidosirenidae ndi Ceratodontidae. Lepidosirenids adapangidwa m'magulu awiri, Protopterus, ku Africa, okhala ndi mitundu inayi yazamoyo, ndi mtundu wa Lepidosiren ku South America, wokhala ndi mtundu umodzi. Banja la Cerantodontidae lili ndi mtundu umodzi wokha, ku Australia, Kutuluka kwa Neoceratodusfosteri, yomwe ndi nsomba yachikale kwambiri yam'mapapu.
Nsomba zamapapu: mawonekedwe
Monga tanenera, lungfish ili nayo zipsepse za lobe, ndipo mosiyana ndi nsomba zina, msanawo umafika kumapeto kwa thupi, kumene umapanga timakhungu tiwiri ta zikopa.
Ali ndi mapapu awiri ogwira ntchito monga akulu. Izi zimachokera kukhoma lamkati kumapeto kwa pharynx. Kuphatikiza pa mapapu, ali ndi mitsempha, koma amangopanga 2% yakupuma kwa nyama yayikulu. Pakati pa mphutsi, nsombazi zimapuma chifukwa cha mitsempha yawo.
Ali ndi mabowomphuno, koma samazigwiritsa ntchito kupeza mpweya, m'malo mwake amakhala ndi ntchitozokambirana. Thupi lake limakhala ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono omwe amalowetsedwa pakhungu.
Nsombazi zimakhala madzi osaya akontinenti ndipo, nthawi yadzuwa, amalowa m'thope, ndikulowa kubisalakapena ulesi. Amaphimba pakamwa pawo ndi "chivindikiro" chadothi chomwe chimakhala ndi kabowo kakang'ono kamene mpweya amafunika kupumira ungalowere. Ndiwo nyama zowaza, ndipo wamwamuna ndiye amayang'anira kusamalira ana.
Nsomba zamapapo: kupuma
Nsomba zamapapu zakhala nazo mapapu awiri ndikuphatikizanso njira yoyendera magazi yomwe ili ndi ma circuits awiri. Mapapu awa ali ndi mizere yambiri ndi magawano owonjezera mpweya wosinthanitsa pamwamba, komanso amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri.
Kupuma, nsombazi Dzuka pamwamba, kutsegula pakamwa ndikukulitsa mkamwa, kukakamiza mpweya kuti ulowe. Amatseka pakamwa pawo, amathinana pakamwa, ndipo mpweya umadutsa m'mapapo amkati kwambiri. Pomwe pakamwa ndi pakatikati pa mapapo zimatsekedwa, kumbuyo kwake kumalumikizana ndikuwononga mpweya wowuziridwa ndi mpweya wakale, kulola mpweya kutuluka kudzera zochita (komwe ma gill amapezeka kwambiri mu nsomba zopumira m'madzi). Mpweya ukangotha, chipinda chamkati chimalumikizana ndikutseguka, kulola kuti mpweya udutse chipinda chakumbuyo, komwe kusinthana kwa gasi. Kenako, onani nsomba zamapapu, zitsanzo ndi kufotokozera mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri.
Piramboia
Piramidi (Zododometsa za Lepidosiren) ndi imodzi mwamapapu, yomwe imagawidwa m'malo onse amtsinje wa Amazon ndi madera ena aku South America. Maonekedwe ake amafanana ndi eel, ndipo amatha kufikira kupitirira mita imodzi.
Amakhala m'madzi osaya komanso makamaka akadali. Chilimwe chikabwera ndi chilala, nsomba iyi mangani dzenje m'dothi kuti musunge chinyezi, ndikusiya mabowo olola kupuma kwamapapo.
African lungfish
O Protopterus imalumikiza ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yamapapu ya nsomba yomwe khalani ku Africa. Amapangidwanso ngati eel, ngakhale zipsepsezo ndizambiri Kutalika komanso kumangirira. Amakhala m'maiko akumadzulo ndi pakati pa Africa, komanso dera lina lakummawa.
Nsombayi ili nayo zizolowezi zausiku masana imakhala yobisika pakati pa zomera za m'madzi. Pakakhala chilala, amakumba bowo pomwe amalowa mozungulira kuti kamwa likhalebe lolumikizana ndi mlengalenga. Madzi akatsika pansi pa dzenje lawo, amayamba amatulutsa ntchofu kusunga chinyezi m'thupi lanu.
Nsomba zam'mapapo ku Australia
Nsomba zam'mapazi ku Australia (Neoceratodus forsteri) amakhala kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Queensland, ku Australia, pa mitsinje ya Burnett ndi Mary. Sanayesedwebe ndi IUCN, chifukwa chake chisamaliro sichidziwika, koma sichoncho Kutetezedwa ndi mgwirizano wa CITES.
Mosiyana ndi nsomba zina zamapapu, Neoceratodus forsteriali ndi mapapo amodzi okha, chifukwa sizingodalira kupuma kwa mpweya. Nsombazi zimakhala mkatikati mwa mtsinjewo, zimabisala masana ndipo zimayenda pang'onopang'ono pansi pamatopewo usiku. Ndiwo nyama zazikulu, zokhala ndi mita yopitilira 1 msinkhu pokula komanso mapaundi oposa 40 wa kulemera.
Madzi akatsika chifukwa cha chilala, mapapu awa amakhalabe pansi, chifukwa ali ndi mapapo amodzi ndipo amafunikiranso kuchita kupuma madzi kudzera m'mitsempha.
Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Nsomba zamapapu: mawonekedwe ndi zitsanzo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.