Zamkati
- Kodi kuberekana ndi chiyani
- Mitundu Yobereka Asexual ndi Zitsanzo
- 1. Kuchulukitsa kwa masamba:
- 2. Parthenogenesis:
- 3. Gynogenesis:
- Kuberekana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ngati njira yopulumukira
- Nyama zoberekana
THE kubereka ndi kofunikira m'zinthu zonse zamoyo, ndipo ndi imodzi mwamagawo atatu ofunikira omwe amoyo ali nawo. Popanda kubereka, zamoyo zonse zitha kuwonongedwa, ngakhale kukhalapo kwa akazi ndi amuna sikofunikira nthawi zonse kuti kuberekana kuchitika. Pali njira yoberekera yotchedwa asexual kubereka yomwe imadziyimira pawokha (pafupifupi nthawi zonse) yogonana.
Munkhani iyi ya PeritoZinyama, tikambirana nyama zakutchire ndi zitsanzo zawo, kuyambira ndikulongosola kwa mawu oti "kubereka kwa asexual"Kuphatikiza apo, tiwonetsa zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana za thupi loberekana.
Kodi kuberekana ndi chiyani
Kuberekana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi a njira yoberekera yochitidwa ndi nyama ndi zomera zina, momwe kukhalapo kwa anthu achikulire awiri osiyana siyana sikofunikira. Njira yamtunduwu imachitika munthu akabereka ana omwe ali ofanana nawo. Nthawi zina titha kupeza teremu clonal kubereka, chifukwa zimakulitsa zovuta za kholo.
Momwemonso, pakuberekana kotere kulibe ma virus (mazira kapena umuna) omwe akukhudzidwa, kupatula magawo awiri, parthenogenesis ndi gynogenesis, omwe tiwona pansipa. m'malo mwake ali somatic maselo (omwe amapanga minyewa yonse ya thupi) kapena ziwalo zathupi.
Mitundu Yobereka Asexual ndi Zitsanzo
Pali mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu ing'onoing'ono yobereketsa m'zinyama, ndipo ngati titaphatikiza zomera ndi mabakiteriya, mndandandawu umakhala wautali kwambiri. Chotsatira, tikuwonetsani njira zophunzirira zoberekera za nyama mu sayansi ndipo, chodziwika bwino.
1. Kuchulukitsa kwa masamba:
THE kuphulika ndimachitidwe achiberekero a Masiponji am'madzi. Zimachitika pamene tinthu tating'onoting'ono tazakudya timasungunuka mumitundu ina yamasiponji. Maselowa amatetezedwa ndi zokutira, ndikupanga gemmula yomwe pambuyo pake imathamangitsidwa, ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale siponji yatsopano.
Mtundu wina wobereketsa wokhala ndi masamba ndi kuphulika. Gulu la khungu lomwe lili pamwamba pa nyama limayamba kukula ndikupanga chamoyo china, chomwe chimatha kupatukana kapena kuphatikana ndikupanga gulu. Kubereka kotereku kumachitika ma hydra.
Zinyama zina zimatha kuberekana ndi kugawanika. Mu mtundu uwu wobereka, chinyama chitha kugawikana chimodzi kapena zingapo ndipo pachidutswa chilichonse cha zidutswazo pamakhala munthu watsopano.Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino chitha kuwonedwa pakazunguliridwe ka nsomba, chifukwa akataya mkono, kuwonjezera pakukonzanso, dzanja ili limapangitsanso munthu watsopano, yemwe ndi choyerekeza ya nyenyezi yoyambayo.
2. Parthenogenesis:
Monga tanena kale, parthenogenesis imafuna dzira koma osati umuna. Dzira lopanda feteleza limatha kusintha kukhala chamoyo chatsopano. Mtundu wobereketsawu umayamba kufotokozedwa ndi nsabwe za mtundu wa tizilombo.
3. Gynogenesis:
Gynogenesis ndi mtundu wina wa kubereka kosabereka. Mazira amafunikira chilimbikitso (umuna) kuti ukhale ndi mluza, koma sumapereka matupi awo. Chifukwa chake, mwana ndiye choyerekeza cha mayiyo. Umuna wogwiritsidwa ntchito suyenera kukhala wofanana ndi mayi, mtundu wofanana. imachitika mu amphibians ndi teleosts.
Pansipa, tikukuwonetsani chitsanzo cha kugawanika kwa nyenyezi mu starfish:
Kuberekana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ngati njira yopulumukira
Nyama sizigwiritsa ntchito njira yoberekera ngati njira yabwinobwino yoberekera, m'malo mwake zimangochita izi munthawi zovuta, monga pakafika kusintha kwa chilengedwe, kutentha kwambiri, chilala, kusowa kwamwamuna, kudya kwambiri, ndi zina zambiri.
Kuberekana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumachepetsa kusinthasintha kwamitundu, komwe kumatha kubweretsa kusowa kwa gulu, gulu kapena ziweto ngati kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwachilengedwe kukupitilira.
Nyama zoberekana
Tizilombo tambiri timagwiritsa ntchito njira zoberekera kuti zipititse patsogolo zamoyozo munthawi zosakwana. Pansipa, tikuwonetsani zitsanzo.
- Spongilla alba: ndi mtundu wa siponji yatsopano yamadzi lochokera ku kontinenti yaku America, yomwe imatha kupanganso ndi kuphulika kutentha kumafika -10 ° C.
- mitambo yoterera: Ndi a phylum of flatworms kapena nyongolotsi zofewa. Amakhala m'madzi abwino ndipo amagawidwa ku Europe konse. Nyongolotsi izi zimaberekana ndi kugawanika. Ngati yadulidwa mzidutswa zingapo, iliyonse imakhala yatsopano.
- Ambystoma altamirani: a salamander yamtsinje wamapiri, komanso ma salamanders ena amtunduwu Ambystoma, akhoza kuberekanso ndi gynogenesis. Amachokera ku Mexico.
- Ramphotyphlops braminus: njoka yakhungu imachokera ku Asia ndi Africa, ngakhale idayambitsidwa m'maiko ena. Ndi njoka yaying'ono kwambiri, yochepera 20 cm, ndipo imaberekanso ndi adamchinesei.
- madzi oligactis: hydras ndi mtundu wa nsomba ya madzi abwino omwe amatha kuberekana ndi kuphulika. Amakhala kumadera ofunda a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.
Muvidiyo yotsatirayi, mutha kuwona kusinthika mutadulidwa nyongolotsi, makamaka, ya mitambo yoterera:
Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Kuberekana kwa nyama zogonana, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.