Zokwawa Zomwe Zili Pangozi - Zomwe Zimayambitsa ndi Kuteteza

Mlembi: Laura McKinney
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 3 Epulo 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 17 Novembala 2024
Anonim
Zokwawa Zomwe Zili Pangozi - Zomwe Zimayambitsa ndi Kuteteza - Ziweto
Zokwawa Zomwe Zili Pangozi - Zomwe Zimayambitsa ndi Kuteteza - Ziweto

Zamkati

Zokwawa ndi zamoyo zamtundu wa tetrapod zomwe zakhalapo kwa zaka 300 miliyoni ndipo zomwe zimakhala zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa masikelo okuta thupi lanu lonse. Amagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula malo ozizira kwambiri, komwe sitingawapeze. Kuphatikiza apo, amasinthidwa kuti azikhala pamtunda komanso m'madzi, popeza pali zokwawa zam'madzi.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo m'gulu ili la zokwawa, monga abuluzi, abuluzi, iguana, njoka ndi amphibiya (Squamata), akamba (Testudine), ng'ona, gharials ndi alligator (Crocodylia). Onsewa ali ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe kutengera momwe amakhalira komanso malo omwe amakhala, ndipo mitundu ingapo imakhudzidwa nayo kwambiri kusintha kwa chilengedwe. Pachifukwa ichi, lero zokwawa zambiri zikuwopsezedwa kuti zitha ndipo zina zitha kutsala pang'ono kutha ngati njira zosungira sizikwaniritsidwa nthawi.


Ngati mukufuna kukumana ndi zokwawa zotha, komanso njira zomwe zikutsatiridwa kuti zisungidwe, pitilizani kuwerenga nkhaniyi ndi PeritoAnimal ndipo tikufotokozerani zonse za izi.

zokwawa zotha

Tisanapereke mndandanda wa zokwawa zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, tikutsindika kuti ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe kusiyana pakati pa nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha ndi zomwe zili pachiwopsezo kale kuthengo. Zomwe zimawopsezedwa zikadalipo ndipo zitha kupezeka m'chilengedwe, koma zili pachiwopsezo cha kutha. Ku Brazil, a Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) amasankha nyama zomwe zili mgululi ngati nyama zomwe zili pachiwopsezo, pachiwopsezo kapena pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Nyama zomwe zili pachiwopsezo kuthengo ndi zomwe zimangopezeka muukapolo. Omwe adatha, nawonso, kulibenso. Pamndandanda pansipa, mudzadziwa Zokwawa za 40 zangozi malinga ndi Red List of the International Union for the Conservation of Natural and Natural Resources (IUCN).


Ganges gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)

Mitunduyi ili mkati mwa dongosolo la Crocodilia ndipo imapezeka kumpoto kwa India, komwe kumakhala m'malo am'magombe. Amuna amatha kutalika pafupifupi 5 metres, pomwe akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako ndipo amakhala pafupifupi 3 mita. Ali ndi mphuno yayitali, yopyapyala yokhala ndi nsonga yokhotakhota, yomwe mawonekedwe ake ndi chifukwa cha chakudya chawo chodyera nsomba, chifukwa sangathe kudya nyama yayikulu kwambiri kapena yamphamvu.

Ganges gharial ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chakutha ndipo pakadali pano pali zitsanzo zochepa kwambiri, zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala ndi kusaka kosaloledwa ndi zochitika zaumunthu zogwirizana ndi ulimi. Akuti pafupifupi anthu 1,000 alipo, ambiri aiwo osaswana. Ngakhale amatetezedwa, mitundu iyi ikupitilizabe kuvutika ndipo anthu ake akuchepa.

Grenadian gecko (Gonatodes daudini)

Mitunduyi ndi ya Squamata ndipo imapezeka kuzilumba za São Vicente ndi Grenadines, komwe kumakhala nkhalango zowuma m'malo omwe ali ndi miyala. Imakhala pafupifupi 3 cm m'litali ndipo ndi mtundu womwe uli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chakutha makamaka chifukwa cha kusaka ndi malonda osavomerezeka ziweto kuwonjezera. Popeza madera ake ndi ochepa, a kutayika ndi kuwonongeka kwa madera awo zimapanganso mtundu wosavuta komanso wosatetezeka. Mbali inayi, kusasamala bwino ziweto monga amphaka kumakhudzanso Grenadines nalimata. Ngakhale mitundu yake imasungidwa, zamoyozi sizikuphatikizidwa m'malamulo apadziko lonse omwe amaziteteza.


Kamba wotentha (Astrochelys radiata)

Mwa dongosolo la Testudines, kamba wowunikirayo ali ponseponse ku Madagascar ndipo pano akukhalanso kuzilumba za A Reunion ndi Mauritius, chifukwa adayambitsidwa ndi anthu. Zitha kuwonedwa m'nkhalango zokhala ndi zitsamba zaminga ndi zouma. Mitunduyi imatha kutalika pafupifupi 40 cm ndipo imadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha carapace yake yayitali komanso mizere yachikaso yomwe imapatsa dzina loti "kutulutsa" chifukwa chamakhalidwe ake.

Pakadali pano, iyi ndi ina mwa zokwawa zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chotayika chifukwa cha poaching kugulitsa monga ziweto zawo ndi nyama yawo ndi ubweya wawo kuwononga malo ake okhala, zomwe zadzetsa kuchepa koopsa kwa anthu. Chifukwa cha ichi, chimatetezedwa ndipo pali mapulogalamu oteteza chilengedwe chake mu ukapolo.

Kamba wa Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata)

Monga mitundu yam'mbuyomu, kamba ya hawksbill ndi ya Order Testudines ndipo imagawika m'magulu awiri (E. imbricata imbricata ndiE. imbricata bissa) yomwe imagawidwa m'nyanja za Atlantic ndi Indo-Pacific, motsatana. Ndi mtundu wowopsa kwambiri wa kamba wam'madzi, monga zilili amafunafuna kwambiri nyama yake, makamaka ku China ndi Japan, komanso pamalonda osavomerezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwira kuti atenge carapace yake kwakhala kofala kwazaka zambiri, ngakhale pakadali pano kulangidwa ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Zina zomwe zimaika mtunduwu pachiwopsezo ndi zochitika za anthu m'malo omwe amaika zisa zake, komanso ziweto zina zomwe zimaukiridwa.

Pygmy chameleon (Rhampholeon acuminatus)

Pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la Squamata, ili ndi bilimankhwe lomwe limapezeka mkati mwa zomwe zimatchedwa pygmy chameleon. Kufalikira kum'mawa kwa Africa, kumakhala malo okhala ndi nkhalango, komwe kumakhala nthambi za zitsamba zochepa. Ndi kamwanana kakang'ono, kamene kamatha kutalika masentimita 5, ndichifukwa chake kamatchedwa pygmy.

Ili ndi mndandanda wazowopsa zakutha ndipo choyambitsa chachikulu ndi kusaka ndi malonda osavomerezeka kugulitsa ngati chiweto. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu awo, omwe ndi ochepa kwambiri, akuopsezedwa ndikusintha malo awo olima. Pachifukwa ichi, pygmy chameleon ndiotetezedwa chifukwa chazachilengedwe, makamaka ku Tanzania.

Boa de Santa Lucia (Boa constrictor orophias)

Mtundu wamtunduwu wa Squamata ndi njoka yomwe imapezeka ku Chilumba cha Saint Lucia ku Nyanja ya Caribbean komanso ili m'gulu la zokwawa zomwe zili pangozi kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amakhala m'madambo, koma osati pafupi ndi madzi, ndipo amatha kuwoneka m'mapiri ndi malo olimidwa, mumitengo ndi pamtunda, ndipo amatha kutalika mpaka 5 mita.

Mitunduyi idawonedwa kale ngati itatha mu 1936, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mongooses, monga meerkats, omwe adapita nawo kuderalo. Nyamazi ndizodziwika bwino kuti zimatha kupha njoka zaululu. Pakadali pano, Santa Lucia Boa ili pachiwopsezo chotha chifukwa cha malonda osavomerezeka, chifukwa imagwidwa ndi khungu lake, lomwe limakhala ndi mapangidwe owoneka bwino kwambiri ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani ogulitsa zikopa. Mbali inayi, choopsa china ndikusintha kwa malo omwe amakhala kukhala malo olimidwa. Lero limatetezedwa ndipo kusaka ndi malonda ake osaloledwa kuli ndi malamulo.

Nalimata yayikulu (Tarentola gigas)

Mtundu wa buluzi kapena salamander ndi wamtundu wa Squamata ndipo umapezeka ku Cape Verde, komwe amakhala kuzilumba za Razo ndi Bravo. Ili pafupi 30 cm ndipo ili ndi utoto wamtundu wa bulauni wofanana ndi ma nalimata. Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zawo ndizapadera kwambiri, chifukwa zimatengera kupezeka kwa mbalame zam'nyanja mukamadyetsa timatumba tawo (mipira yokhala ndi zotsalira za zinthu zosagayidwa, monga mafupa, tsitsi ndi misomali) ndipo sizachilendo kukhala m'malo omwewo kumene amakhala

Pakadali pano amadziwika kuti ali pangozi ndipo chiwopsezo chake chachikulu ndi kukhalapo kwa amphaka, ndichifukwa chake anali atatsala pang'ono kutha. Komabe, zilumba zazing'ono zomwe nalimatoyi akadalipo zimatetezedwa ndi malamulo ndipo ndi madera achilengedwe.

Lizard wa Arboreal Alligator (Abronia aurita)

Chokwawa ichi, chomwe chimapangidwanso kuti Squamata, chimapezeka ku Guatemala, komwe kumakhala kumapiri a Verapaz. Imakhala pafupifupi masentimita 13 m'litali ndipo imasiyana mitundu, ndimayendedwe obiriwira, achikasu ndi amiyala, okhala ndi mawanga m'mbali mwa mutu, womwe ndiwodziwika bwino, pokhala buluzi wochititsa chidwi.

Amadziwika kuti ali pangozi chifukwa cha kuwononga malo ake achilengedwe, makamaka podula mitengo. Kuphatikiza apo, ulimi, moto ndi msipu ndizinthu zomwe zimawopseza buluzi wa arboreal alligator.

Buluzi wa Pygmy (Anolis pygmaeus)

Zili m'gulu la Squamata, mitunduyi imapezeka ku Mexico, makamaka ku Chiapas. Ngakhale sizambiri zomwe zimadziwika ndi biology ndi zachilengedwe, zimadziwika kuti zimakhala m'nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse. Ili ndi mtundu wotuwa mpaka bulauni ndipo kukula kwake ndikochepa, kotalika pafupifupi 4 cm, koma kokometsera komanso zala zazitali, mawonekedwe amtunduwu wa abuluzi.

Anole iyi ndi ina mwa zokwawa zomwe zitha kutha chifukwa cha Kusintha kwa madera omwe mumakhala. Imatetezedwa ndi lamulo pansi pa gulu la "chitetezo chapadera (Pr)" ku Mexico.

Mdima Wamtundu wa Tancitarus Rattlesnake (Crotalus pusillus)

Njoka imeneyi imakhalanso ku Mexico ndipo imakhala m'malo ophulika ndi nkhalango zamphesa ndi thundu.

Ikuwopsezedwa kuti ikutha chifukwa cha yopapatiza kwambiri yogawa osiyanasiyana ndi kuwononga malo ake okhala chifukwa chodula mitengo ndi kusintha kwa nthaka kwa mbewu. Ngakhale kulibe maphunziro ochulukirapo pamtundu uwu, chifukwa chogawa kwake kwakung'ono, amatetezedwa ku Mexico pagulu lowopsezedwa.

Chifukwa chiyani zokwawa zikuwopsezedwa kuti zitha

Zokwawa zimakumana ndi ziwopsezo zosiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ambiri aiwo amachedwa kukula ndikukhala ndi moyo wautali, amakhala omvera pakusintha kwachilengedwe. Zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu achepe ndi:

  • Kuwononga malo ake malo oyenera ulimi ndi ziweto.
  • Kusintha kwanyengo zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwachilengedwe pamatenthedwe ndi zina.
  • Kusaka kupeza zinthu monga ubweya, mano, zikhadabo, zipewa ndi malonda oletsedwa monga ziweto.
  • kuipitsidwa, kuchokera kunyanja ndi kumtunda, ndi chinthu china choopsa kwambiri chomwe zokwawa zimakumana nazo.
  • Kuchepetsa malo awo chifukwa chakumanga nyumba ndi mizinda.
  • Kuyamba kwa mitundu yachilendo.
  • Imfa chifukwa chothamangitsidwa ndi zifukwa zina. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yambiri ya njoka imaphedwa chifukwa imadziwika kuti ndi yapoizoni komanso chifukwa cha mantha, chifukwa chake, pano, maphunziro azachilengedwe amakhala patsogolo komanso mwachangu.

Momwe mungapewere kuti zisasowe

Pankhaniyi pomwe zikwizikwi za zokwawa zili pangozi yakutha padziko lonse lapansi, pali njira zingapo zowasungira, chifukwa potenga zomwe tanena pansipa, titha kuthandiza kuti mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo izi ipezeke:

  • Kuzindikiritsa ndikupanga madera achilengedwe Kutetezedwa komwe kumapezeka nyama zokwawa zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha.
  • Sungani miyala ndi zipika zomwe zagwa m'malo omwe zokwawa zimakhala, chifukwa awa ndi omwe amatha kutetezedwa.
  • Sinthani nyama zakunja zomwe zimadya kapena kuthamangitsa zokwawa zakomweko.
  • Kufalitsa ndi kuphunzitsa za mitundu ya zokwawa zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, chifukwa kupambana kwamapulogalamu ambiri osamalira zachilengedwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuzindikira kwa anthu.
  • Kupewa ndi kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pa malo olimapo.
  • Limbikitsani kudziwa ndi kusamalira nyamazi, makamaka za mitundu yowopedwa kwambiri monga njoka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaphedwa ndi mantha komanso umbuli poganiza kuti ndi mtundu wa poizoni.
  • Osalimbikitsa kutsatsa kosaloledwa a mitundu ya zokwawa, monga iguana, njoka kapena akamba, chifukwa ndi mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati ziweto ndipo imayenera kukhala mwaufulu komanso m'malo awo achilengedwe.

Onaninso, munkhani ina, mndandanda wa nyama 15 zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha ku Brazil.

Zokwawa zina zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha

Mitundu yomwe tatchulayi sikuti ndi zokhazokha zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, chifukwa chake pansipa tili ndi mndandanda wa zokwawa zowopsa kwambiri komanso gulu malinga ndi Red List a International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN):

  • Buluu Wophulika (Pristidactylus mapiri) - Ali pangozi
  • Kamba wamwenye (Chitra akuwonetsa) - Kutha
  • Kamba wa Ryukyu Leaf (Geoemyda japonica) - Ali pangozi
  • Nalimata wa mchira (Phyllurus gulbaru) - Ali pangozi
  • Njoka yakhungu yochokera ku Madagascar (Xenotyphlops chachikulu) - Pangozi yowonongeka
  • Buluzi wa ku China (shinisaurus ng'ona) - Ali pangozi
  • Kamba wobiriwira (Chelonia mydas) - Ali pangozi
  • iguana yabuluu (Cyclura Lewis) - Wokondedwa Kutha
  • Zong's Scaled Njoka (Achalinus jinggangensis) - Pangozi yowonongeka
  • Buluzi wa Taragui (Taragui homonot) - Pangozi yowonongeka
  • Ng'ombe ya Orinoco (Crocodylus intermedius) - Pangozi yowonongeka
  • Njoka ya Minas (Geophis fulvoguttatus) - Ali pangozi
  • Buluzi wamng'ono waku Colombia (Lepidoblepharis miyatai) - Ali pangozi
  • Buluu Mtengo Wowunika (Varanus macraei) - Ali pangozi
  • Kamba wonyezimira (mapiri osalala) - Pangozi yowonongeka
  • buluu wamtundu (Iberocerta aranica) - Ali pangozi
  • Njuchi Yamoto Yamtundu wa Honduran (Onsewa) - Ali pangozi
  • Mona Iguana (Cyclura stejnegeri) - Ali pangozi
  • Tiger chameleon (Tigris Archaius) - Ali pangozi
  • Mindo Horned Anolis (Anolis proboscis) - Ali pangozi
  • Buluzi wofiira (Acanthodactylus blanci) - Ali pangozi
  • Nalimata wochepa thupi wa ku Lebanoni (Mediodactylus amictopholis) - Ali pangozi
  • Chafarinas buluu wopanda khungu (Chalcides kufanana) - Ali pangozi
  • Kamba katalikidwe (Indotestu elongata) - Pangozi yowonongeka
  • Njoka ya Fiji (Ogmodon vitianus) - Ali pangozi
  • Kamba wakuda (Mphukira coahuila) - Ali pangozi
  • Chameleon Tarzan (Chameleon Tarzan)Calumma tarzan) - Pangozi yowonongeka
  • Buluzi wa Marbled (Nthiti ya Marbled) - Pangozi yowonongeka
  • Geophis Damiani - Pangozi yowonongeka
  • Caribbean Iguana (Wocheperako Antillean Iguana) - Pangozi yowonongeka