Zamkati
- Zizindikiro za Chipembere
- Kudyetsa Zipembere
- kumene kumakhala zipembere
- Mitundu ya Chipembere
- Chipembere choyera
- chipembere chakuda
- Zipembere zaku India
- Chipembere cha Java
- Zipembere za Sumatran
- Kuteteza zipembere
Zipembere ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri lazinyama Padziko Lapansi komanso Nthawi zambiri amalemera kuposa tani. Ngakhale pali kusiyanasiyana pakati pamtundu wina ndi wina, zimawoneka kuti zapatsidwa zida zomwe, pamodzi ndi kukhalapo kwa nyanga imodzi kapena ziwiri, zimawapatsa mawonekedwe ake. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala nyama zayokhazokha, zobwera limodzi kuti ziberekane kapena pomwe mkazi amasunga ana ake pafupi mpaka atakhala odziyimira pawokha.
Ngakhale kuti ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kuti mitundu yambiri ya anthu siyochezeka (makamaka, amayankha mwamphamvu njira iliyonse), zipembere zakhala zamoyo kwambiri. pangozi, ngakhale kusowa kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za nyama zazikuluzikuluzi, tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge Nkhani ya Zinyama ya Perito momwe mungapeze zambiri za iwo. zipembere - mitundu, mawonekedwe ndi malo okhala.
Zizindikiro za Chipembere
Ngakhale mtundu uliwonse wa chipembere uli ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe amalola kusiyanasiyana kwake, pali zina zodziwika bwino pakati pamagulu osiyanasiyana., zomwe tidzadziwe pansipa:
- Gulu: Zipembere ndi za Perissodactyla, Ceratomorphs, ndi banja la Rhinocerotidae.
- Zala: pokhala mtundu wa perissodactyl, ali ndi zala zingapo zosamvetseka, pamenepa atatu, apakati ndiye otukuka kwambiri, omwe amathandizira kwambiri. Zala zonse kuthera mu ziboda.
- Kulemera: Zipembere zimafikira thupi lalikulu, zolemera pafupifupi 1,000 kg. Pakubadwa, kutengera mtundu, amatha kulemera pakati pa 40 ndi 65 kg.
- Khungu: ali ndi khungu lakuda kwambiri, lopangidwa ndi magulu am'magazi kapena ma collagen omwe onse, amakwana mpaka 5 cm.
- Nyanga: nyanga ya chipembere siyotambasula chigaza chake, ndiye imasowa mafupa. Zimapangidwa ndi minofu ya keratin, yomwe imatha kukula kutengera mtundu wa abambo ndi msinkhu wa nyama.
- Masomphenya: Zipembere siziona bwino, zomwe sizili choncho ndi kununkhiza ndi kumva, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.
- Dongosolo m'mimba: ali ndi njira yosavuta yogaya chakudya, yomwe sinagawidwe m'zipinda, chifukwa chake chimbudzi chimachitika pambuyo pake m'matumbo akulu ndi cecum (koyambirira kwa matumbo akulu).
Kudyetsa Zipembere
Chakudya cha chipembere ndi masamba okhaokha, chifukwa chake ndi nyama zodyetsa, zomwe zimayenera kudya zinthu zamasamba zambiri kuti zisamalire matupi awo akulu. Mtundu uliwonse wa chipembere umakonda mtundu winawake wa chakudya, ndipo ena umakonda adzadula mitengo kudya masamba ake obiriwira komanso obiriwira.
O Chipembere choyeraMwachitsanzo, amakonda udzu kapena zomera zosakhala zake, masamba, mizu ndipo, ngati zilipo, atha kukhala ndi mitengo yaying'ono. Chipembere chakuda, mbali inayi, chimadyetsa makamaka zitsamba, masamba ndi nthambi zazing'ono zamitengo. Chipembere cha ku India chimadyetsa udzu, masamba, nthambi za mitengo, zomera za mumtsinje, zipatso komanso nthawi zina ngakhale mbewu.
Chipembere cha ku Javan chimatha kudula mitengo kuti ipindule ndi masamba achichepere komanso chimadyetsa mitundu yambiri yazomera, chifukwa chakupezeka kwawo. Zimaphatikizaponso kumwa zipatso zakugwa. Zokhudza Chipembere cha Sumatran, amadyera masamba, nthambi, makungwa, nthangala ndi mitengo yaying'ono.
kumene kumakhala zipembere
Mtundu uliwonse wa chipembere umakhala m'malo ena omwe amadalira dera kapena dziko lomwe likupezeka, ndipo amatha kukhala m'malo owuma komanso otentha. Mwanjira imeneyi, chipembere choyera, chomwe chimakhala kumpoto chakumwera ndi kumwera kwa Africa, chimagawidwa makamaka m'malo am'chipululu ouma, monga malo odyetserako ziweto, kapena m'malo ovuta amitengo.
Chipembere chakuda chimapezekanso ku Africa, ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri kapena mwina atha m'maiko ngati Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe ndi Mozambique, komanso malo okhala momwe amakhalamo nthawi zambiri ndi malo ouma komanso ouma kwambiri.
Ponena za chipembere cha ku India, kale chinali ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe idaphatikizapo mayiko monga Pakistan ndi China, komabe, chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kwa anthu ndikusintha kwa malo okhala, tsopano amangoletsedwa kudera lamapiri ndi nkhalango ku Nepal, Assam ndi India, komanso the mapiri otsika ku Himalaya.
Chipembere cha ku Javan, komano, chimakhala m'nkhalango za m'chigwa, m'zigwa zamatope ndi madambo. Ngakhale kuti kale anali ofala ku Asia, masiku ano anthu ochepa amangokhala pachilumba cha Java. Chipembere cha Sumatran, komanso ndi anthu ocheperako (pafupifupi anthu 300), amapezeka m'mapiri a Malacca, Sumatra ndi Borneo.
Mitundu ya Chipembere
M'mbiri yonse yazachilengedwe, pakhala pali zipembere zosiyanasiyana, komabe, ambiri aiwo atha. Pakadali pano, pali mitundu isanu ya zipembere padziko lapansi adagawika m'magulu anayi. Tiyeni tiwadziwe bwino:
Chipembere choyera
Chipembere choyera (keratotherium simuna genus Ceratotherium ndipo ndi amodzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya zipembere. Itha kupitilira 4 mita kutalika ndi 2 mita wamtali, cholemera matani 4 kapena kupitilira apo.
Mtundu wake ndi wotuwa mopepuka ndipo uli ndi nyanga ziwiri. Pakamwa pake ndi mosabisa ndipo chimapangidwa ndi milomo yayikulu, yolimba, yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala chakudya chanu mu zomera za savanna.
Mitundu iwiri ya zipembere zoyera amadziwika: chipembere choyera chakumpoto (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) ndi chipembere choyera chakumwera (keratotherium simum simum). Komabe, mitundu yoyamba idatsala pang'ono kutha. Pakadali pano, chipembere choyera chili mgululi "pafupifupi kuwopsezedwa kutha", atachira m'gululi" atatsala pang'ono kuzimiririka "chifukwa cha kusaka koopsa kosasankha komwe kudakhala kwazaka zambiri kuti ipeze nyanga yake.
chipembere chakuda
Chipembere chakuda (Diceros bicorni) ndi mtundu wa mtundu wa Diceros. Nawonso amapezeka ku savannah yaku Africa, koma utoto wake ndi wamdima wakuda ndipo ndi wocheperako kuposa chipembere choyera. Pakamwa pake pamakhala pakamwa, adasinthidwa kuti athe kudyetsa mwachindunji masamba ndi nthambi za zitsamba.. Mitunduyi imafika kutalika kwa mita 1.5 ndi kutalika kwa mamitala atatu, polemera matani 1.4.
Palibe mgwirizano pa kuchuluka kwa ziphuphu zakuda za zipembere zakuda, chodziwika kwambiri ndikuti pali pakati pa zinayi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Komabe, zina mwazodziwika zatha. Chipembere chakuda chidalembedwa kuti "pangozi kwambiri’.
Zipembere zaku India
Chipembere cha ku India (Chipembere unicornisa genus Rhinoceros, ndiwotalika kupitirira mamitala atatu ndipo pafupifupi 2 mita kutalika, ndipo ali ndi nyanga imodzi yokha. Khungu lake limakhala lofiirira komanso khungu lake limapanga chithunzi cha a zida zotetezera thupi lanu.
Mbali yapadera ya Indian Rhinoceros Kodi mumatha kusambira, imatha kuthera nthawi yochuluka m'madzi kuposa mitundu ina ya chipembere. Kumbali ina, amadziwika kuti ndi "osatetezeka", chifukwa amasakidwanso kuti agwiritse ntchito nyanga yake m'miyambo yachikhalidwe komanso popanga zinthu monga mipeni.
Chipembere cha Java
Chipembere cha Java (Chipembere sonoicuswa genus Rhinoceros ndipo adasankhidwa kukhala "mitundu yoopsa kwambiri", atatsala pang'ono kutha. M'malo mwake, ochepa omwe atsala ali mdera lotetezedwa pachilumbachi.
Nyama izi zimatha kuyeza kupitirira 3 mita kutalika ndi pafupifupi 2 mita kutalika, ndikulemera komwe kungapitirire Matani 2. Amuna ali ndi nyanga imodzi yokha, pomwe akazi ali ndi nub yaying'ono. Mtundu wake ndi wofanana ndi wa zipembere zaku India - zofiirira - koma zochepa kwambiri.
Zipembere za Sumatran
Chipembere cha Sumatran (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) ndi mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ya chipembere yomwe ilipo ndipo mtundu wake umafanana ndi Dicerorhinus, pokhala amene zimawoneka zachikale kwambiri kuposa ena. Ili ndi nyanga ziwiri ndi tsitsi loposa linzake.
Amuna amalemera pang'ono kupitirira mita, pomwe akazi amayesa kupitirira apo ndi a kulemera kwapakati ndi mapaundi 800. Kupha nyama mwachinyengo kwapangitsa kuti zipembere ku Sumatran ziziwerengedwa kuti ndi "zoopsa kwambiri", chifukwa zimakhudzidwanso ndi zikhulupiriro zodziwika pamaphindu omwe ali nawo pamatenda osiyanasiyana.
Kuteteza zipembere
monga, mwambiri, mitundu yonse ya zipembere ili pangozi yakutha, miyoyo yawo imadalira pakuwonjezeka ndi kukakamizidwa kwa njira zosungira; apo ayi, kutha kumakhalabe njira yodziwika kwa onse.
Ndikofunikira kuwunikanso zikhulupiriro zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, chifukwa ngakhale zili zachikhalidwe, palibe chimodzi mwazovomerezeka.ndikuwopseza miyoyo ya nyama, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawapangitsa kuti asowa kwathunthu. Zachidziwikire, iyi ndi ntchito yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa ndi iwo omwe amapanga ndikutsatira malamulowa m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi.
Munkhaniyi mutha kudziwa nyama zina zomwe anthu adazimiririka.
Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Zipembere: mitundu, makhalidwe ndi malo okhala, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.