Zamkati
- Mitundu ya njuchi zomwe zimatulutsa uchi
- Njuchi za ku ulaya
- Asia njuchi
- Njuchi Yaku Asia
- njuchi yaikulu
- Njuchi yaku Philippines
- Njuchi za Koschevnikov
- Njuchi Yakuda yaku Asia
- Mitundu ya njuchi zomwe zatha
- Mitundu ya Njuchi Zaku Brazil
- Mitundu ya njuchi: dziwani zambiri
Pa Njuchi zomwe zimapanga uchi, yemwenso amadziwika kuti njuchi za uchi, amakhala m'magulu makamaka amtunduwu Apis. Komabe, titha kupeza njuchi za uchi mkati mwa fukoli. alireza, ngakhale pakadali pano ndi uchi wosiyana, wocheperako komanso wamadzimadzi, womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala.
Munkhani ya PeritoAnimal, tikuwonetsani zonse mitundu ya njuchi zomwe zimatulutsa uchi monga Apis, kuphatikizapo omwe atha, ndi zambiri zamtunduwu, mawonekedwe awo ndi zithunzi.
Mitundu ya njuchi zomwe zimatulutsa uchi
Izi ndizofunikira mitundu ya njuchi zomwe zimatulutsa uchi:
- Njuchi za ku Ulaya
- Asia njuchi
- Njuchi Yaku Asia
- njuchi yaikulu
- Njuchi yaku Philippines
- Njuchi za Koschevnikov
- Njuchi Yakuda yaku Asia
- Apis armbrusteri
- Apis lithohermaea
- Apis pafupi
Njuchi za ku ulaya
THE Njuchi za ku ulaya kapena njuchi za kumadzulo (Apis mellifera) mwina ndi imodzi mwazinthu zotchuka kwambiri za njuchi ndipo adasankhidwa ndi Carl Nilsson Linneaus mu 1758. Pali mitundu 20 yodziwika bwino ndipo imapezeka ku Europe, Africa ndi Asia, ngakhale kuti wafalikira kumayiko onse, kupatula ku Antarctica. [1]
Pali chimodzi chidwi chachikulu pazachuma kuseli kwa mtundu uwu, chifukwa kuyendetsa kwake kumathandizira kwambiri pakupanga chakudya padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza pakupanga uchi, mungu, sera, mafuta odzola ndi phula. [1] Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito zina mankhwala ophera tizilombo. [2]
Asia njuchi
THE asian njuchi (Apis cerana) ndi ofanana ndi njuchi yaku Europe, pocheperako pang'ono. Ndi kwawo ku Southeast Asia ndipo amakhala m'maiko angapo monga China, India, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Bangladesh ndi Indonesia, komabe, idayambitsidwanso ku Papua New Guinea, Australia ndi Solomon Islands. [3]
Kafukufuku waposachedwa akutsimikizira izi kupezeka kwa mitundu iyi kunachepa, makamaka ku Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Japan ndi South Korea, komanso kapangidwe kake, makamaka chifukwa cha Kutembenuka kwa nkhalango m'minda ya mphira ndi mafuta a kanjedza. Momwemonso, adakhudzidwa ndikubwera kwa Apis mellifera ndi alimi aku Southeast Asia, chifukwa amapereka zokolola zochuluka kuposa njuchi zokhazokha, pomwe zimayambitsa zingapo matenda pa njuchi zaku Asia. [3]
Ndikofunika kutsindika izi Apis nuluensis pakadali pano amawerengedwa kuti ndi subspecies a Apis cerana.
Njuchi Yaku Asia
THE Njuchi yaing'ono yaku Asia (Apis dzina loyamba) ndi mtundu wa njuchi womwe umasokonezedwa kwambiri ndi Apis andreniformis, komanso ochokera ku Asia, chifukwa cha kufanana kwawo. Komabe, amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi m'modzi mwa mamembala ake akutsogolo, omwe amakhala ataliatali kwambiri ngati Apis dzina loyamba. [4]
Mitunduyi imayenda pafupifupi 7,000 km kuchokera kumapeto. kum'mawa kwa Vietnam kumwera chakum'mawa kwa China. [4] Komabe, kuyambira 1985 kupita mtsogolo, kupezeka kwake ku kontrakitala wa Africa kudayamba kuzindikirika, mwina chifukwa cha mayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi. Pambuyo pake madera awonanso ku Middle East. [5]
Zimakhala zachilendo kuti mabanja athunthu azidya uchi womwe umatulutsidwa ndi njuchizi, ngakhale izi nthawi zina zimabweretsa kufa koloni chifukwa cha kusayendetsa bwino komanso kusadziwa zambiri za njuchi. [6]
njuchi yaikulu
THE njuchi yaikulu kapena njuchi zazikulu zaku Asia (Apis dorsata) amadziwika makamaka chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya njuchi, kuyambira pakati pa 17 ndi 20 mm. Amakhala kumadera otentha komanso otentha, makamaka ku Southeast Asia, Indonesia ndi Australia, kupanga zisa zokongola munthambi za mitengo, nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi ndi magwero azakudya. [7]
Makhalidwe olakwika amkati zimawonedwa mu mitunduyi panthawi yosamukira kuzisa zatsopano, makamaka pakati pa anthu omwe amayendera madera omwewo kuti amange chisa. Nthawi izi, pali ndewu zachiwawa zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuluma, zomwe zimayambitsa imfa ya anthu nawo. [8]
Ndikofunika kutsindika izi yovuta apis pakadali pano amawerengedwa kuti ndi subspecies a Apis dorsata.
Komanso dziwani tizilombo toopsa kwambiri ku Brazil
Njuchi yaku Philippines
THE Njuchi ya uchi ku Philippines (Apis nigrocincta) alipo mu Philippines ndi Indonesia ndi miyeso pakati pa 5.5 ndi 5.9 mm.[9] Ndi mtundu womwe zisa m'ming'alu, monga zipika zopanda pake, mapanga kapena nyumba za anthu, nthawi zambiri zimayandikira pansi. [10]
kukhala mtundu anazindikira posachedwapa ndipo nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi Pafupi ndi Apis, tidakali ndi chidziwitso chochepa pamtundu uwu, koma chodabwitsa ndichakuti ndi mtundu womwe umatha kuyambitsa ming'oma yatsopano Chaka chonse, ngakhale pali zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa izi, monga kutengera mitundu ina, kusowa kwazinthu kapena kutentha kwambiri.[10]
Njuchi za Koschevnikov
THE Njuchi za Koschevnikov (Apis koschevnikovi) ndi mtundu wamba ku Borneo, Malaysia ndi Indonesia, chifukwa chake amagawana malo ake ndi Apis cerana Nuluensis. [11] Monga njuchi zina zaku Asia, njuchi za Koschevnikov nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika m'ming'alu, ngakhale kupezeka kwake m'deralo kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa chifukwa cha minda ya tiyi, mafuta a kanjedza, labala ndi kokonati. [12]
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya njuchi, mtundu uwu umakonda kuswana madera ochepa kwambiri, yomwe imalola kuti ipulumuke m'nyengo yamvula komanso yamvula. Ngakhale zili choncho, imasunga zinthu mosavuta komanso imaberekanso mwachangu pakama maluwa. [13]
Njuchi Yakuda yaku Asia
THE njuchi yamdima yakuda (Apis andreniformis) amakhala ku Southeast Asia, kuphatikiza China, India, Burma, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia ndi Philippines. [14] Ndi umodzi mwamitundu ya njuchi za uchi zomwe zakhala zikudziwika kwazaka zambiri, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti ndi subspecies ya Apis dzina loyamba, china chomwe kafukufuku angapo adatsutsa. [14]
Ndi njuchi yakuda kwambiri yakuda kwake. Pangani zigawo zawo zazing'ono mitengo kapena tchire, kugwiritsa ntchito udzu kuti zisadziwike. Amakonda kuzimanga pafupi ndi nthaka, pamtunda wokwanira 2.5 m. [15]
Mitundu ya njuchi zomwe zatha
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu ya njuchi zomwe tidatchulazi, panali mitundu ina ya njuchi zomwe sizikukhalanso mdziko lapansi ndipo zimawerengedwa kutha:
- Apis armbrusteri
- Apis lithohermaea
- Apis pafupi
Mitundu ya Njuchi Zaku Brazil
alipo asanu ndi limodzi Mitundu ya njuchi zaku Brazil:
- Melipona scutellaris: amatchedwanso uruçu njuchi, nordestina uruçu kapena urusu, amadziwika chifukwa cha kukula kwake komanso chifukwa chokhala njuchi zopanda mphamvu. Amakhala kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Brazil.
- Quadrifasciate melipona: yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mandaçaia njuchi, ili ndi thupi lolimba komanso lolimba ndipo imafanana ndi dera lakumwera kwa dzikolo.
- Melipona fasciculata: amatchedwanso imvi uruçu, ili ndi thupi lakuda lokhala ndi mikwingwirima imvi. Iwo ndi otchuka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kopanga uchi. Amapezeka kumpoto, kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi Midwest zigawo dzikolo.
- Rufiventris: yemwenso amadziwika kuti Uruçu-Amarela, tujuba amapezeka kumadera a Kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi Center-South mdzikolo. Iwo ndi otchuka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kopanga uchi.
- Nannotrigone testaceicornis: angatchedwe njuchi wa Ira, ndi njuchi zachilengedwe zomwe zimapezeka pafupifupi zigawo zonse za ku Brazil. Amasintha bwino m'matawuni.
- Ngolo tetragonisca: amatchedwanso njuchi zachikaso, njuchi zagolide, jati, udzudzu weniweni, ndi njuchi zachilengedwe ndipo zimapezeka pafupifupi ku Latin America konse. Nthawi zambiri, uchi wake umadziwika kuti umathandizira ndi chithandizo chokhudzana ndi masomphenya.
Mitundu ya njuchi: dziwani zambiri
Njuchi ndizinyama zazing'ono, koma zofunika kwambiri kuti dziko lapansi lisawonongeke, chifukwa cha ntchito zawo zofunika, kukhala kuyendetsa mungu opambana kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake, ku PeritoAnimal, timafotokoza zambiri za hymenoptera yaying'ono iyi pofotokozera zomwe zingachitike njuchi zikasowa.
Yesani izi: Ngati mwakonda nkhaniyi, fufuzaninso momwe nyerere zimasanganirana.