Zamkati
- kupuma mu nyama
- Mitundu ya Kupuma kwa Zinyama
- Mapapo kupuma mu nyama
- Mapapu amapuma mwa zokwawa
- Kupuma m'mapapo mwa mbalame
- kupumira m'matumbo mwa nyama
- tracheal kupuma nyama
- Zitsanzo za Tracheal Kupuma kwa Nyama
- Kupuma khungu pakanyama
Kupuma ndikofunikira pazinthu zonse zamoyo, monga momwe zimapumira. Mwa nyama, kusiyana kwa mitundu ya kupuma kumakhala chifukwa cha kusintha kwa gulu lirilonse la nyama ndi mtundu wa malo omwe akukhalamo. Makina opumira amapangidwa ndi ziwalo zingapo zomwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zigwirizane ndi mpweya. Munthawi imeneyi, pamakhala pali kusinthana kwa gasi pakati pa thupi ndi chilengedwe, momwe nyama imalandira oxygen (O2), mpweya wofunikira pantchito zake zofunika, ndikutulutsa carbon dioxide (CO2), yomwe ndi gawo lofunikira, popeza kuchuluka kwake mthupi kumakhala koopsa.
Ngati mukufuna kuphunzira za zosiyana mitundu ya kupuma kwa nyama, pitirizani kuwerenga nkhani iyi ya PeritoAnimal, pomwe tikambirana njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe nyama zimapumira komanso kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu ndi zovuta zake.
kupuma mu nyama
Nyama zonse zimagwira ntchito yofunika yopuma, koma momwe zimakhalira ndi nkhani yosiyana mgulu lililonse la nyama. Mtundu wa mpweya womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito umasiyanasiyana kutengera gulu la nyama ndi zawo mawonekedwe ndi anatomical.
Munthawi imeneyi, nyama, komanso zamoyo zina, sinthanitsani mpweya ndi chilengedwe ndipo amatha kupeza mpweya wabwino komanso kuchotsa mpweya woipa. Chifukwa cha kagayidwe kameneka, nyama zitha kutero kupeza mphamvu Kuchita ntchito zina zonse zofunika, ndipo izi ndizofunikira kwa zamoyo za aerobic, ndiye kuti, omwe amakhala pamaso pa mpweya (O2).
Mitundu ya Kupuma kwa Zinyama
Pali mitundu ingapo yopumira nyama, yomwe itha kugawidwa mu:
- kupuma m'mapapo: zomwe zimachitika kudzera m'mapapu. Izi zimatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pamitundu ya nyama. Momwemonso, nyama zina zimakhala ndi mapapo amodzi, pomwe zina zimakhala ndi mapapo awiri.
- kupuma kwa gill: ndi mtundu wa mpweya womwe nsomba zambiri ndi nyama zam'madzi zimakhala nazo. Mukupuma kotere, kusinthana kwa gasi kumachitika kudzera m'mitsempha.
- Kupuma tracheal: uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa kupuma mu nyama zopanda mafupa, makamaka tizilombo. Apa, kayendedwe ka magazi sikasokoneza kusinthana kwa gasi.
- kupuma khungu: Kupuma khungu kumachitika makamaka kwa amphibiya ndi nyama zina zomwe zimakhala m'malo opanda madzi komanso okhala ndi khungu lowonda. Mukupuma pang'ono, monga dzina limatanthawuzira, kusinthana kwa gasi kumachitika kudzera pakhungu.
Mapapo kupuma mu nyama
Kupuma kwamtunduwu, komwe kusinthana kwa gasi kumachitika kudzera m'mapapu, imafalikira pakati pa nyama zakufa zam'mlengalenga (monga nyama, mbalame ndi zokwawa), zamoyo zam'madzi zam'madzi (monga cetaceans) ndi amphibians, zomwe zimatha kupuma kudzera pakhungu lawo. Kutengera ndi gulu lanyama zam'mimba, dongosolo la kupuma limasinthasintha mosiyanasiyana kutengera momwe mapapu amasinthira.
Amphibian kupuma kwamapapu
Mwa amphibiya, mapapo amatha kukhala osavuta matumba opatsirana, monga ma salamanders ndi achule, omwe ndi mapapu ogawika zipinda ndi zipinda zomwe zimakulitsa malo olumikizirana ndi mpweya: alveoli.
Mapapu amapuma mwa zokwawa
Kumbali ina, zokwawa zili nazo mapapu apadera kwambiri kuposa amphibians. Amagawidwa m'matumba angapo amlengalenga omwe amalumikizidwa. Chigawo chonse chosinthira gasi chimakula kwambiri poyerekeza ndi amphibians. Mitundu ina ya abuluzi ili ndi mapapu awiri, pomwe njoka ili ndi imodzi yokha.
Kupuma m'mapapo mwa mbalame
Mbalame, komano, timawona umodzi wa machitidwe ovuta kupuma chifukwa cha ntchito yandege komanso kufunika kwakukulu kwa oxygen zomwe izi zikutanthauza. Mapapu awo ali ndi mpweya wokwanira ndi matumba amlengalenga, nyumba zomwe zimangokhala mwa mbalame zokha. Matumba samasokoneza kusinthana kwa mpweya, koma amatha kusunga mpweya ndikuwuthamangitsa, ndiye kuti, amakhala ngati ziwombankhanga, kulola kuti mapapo azikhala ndi nthawi zonse malo osungira mpweya wabwino ikuyenda mkati mwako.
Mapapo kupuma nyama
Zinyama zili nazo mapapu awiri ya minofu yotanuka yogawika ma lobes, ndipo kapangidwe kake ndi ngati mtengo, momwe amalowa mu bronchi ndi bronchioles mpaka kukafika ku alveoli, komwe amasinthana ndi gasi. Mapapu amakhala mchifuwa ndipo amakhala ochepa ndi chifundamtima, minofu yomwe imawathandiza ndipo, ndi kutalika kwake, imathandizira kulowa ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya.
kupumira m'matumbo mwa nyama
Mitsempha ndi ziwalo zomwe zimayang'anira mpweya m'madzi, ndizakunja ndipo zili kumbuyo kapena mbali yamutu, kutengera mitundu. Zitha kuwoneka m'njira ziwiri: monga magulu ogawika m'miyala yam'miyala kapena timagulu ta nthambi, monga mphutsi za newt ndi salamander, kapena nyama zopanda mafupa ngati mphutsi za tizilombo tina, ma annelids ndi molluscs.
Madzi akamalowa mkamwa ndikutuluka kudzera m'ming'alu, mpweya "umakomoka" ndikusamutsidwa kumagazi ndi ziwalo zina. Kusinthana kwamagesi kumachitika chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa madzi kapena mothandizidwa ndi zochita, zomwe zimanyamula madzi kupita nawo kumakutu.
Nyama zomwe zimapuma kudzera m'mitsempha
Zitsanzo zina za nyama zomwe zimapuma kudzera m'mitsempha ndi izi:
- Manta (PA)Mobula birostris).
- Whale shark (rhincodon typus).
- Thumba Lamprey (Geotria Australis).
- Oyisitara Wamkulu (@alirezatalischioriginal).
- Octopus Wamkulu Wopambana (octopus cyanea).
Kuti mumve zambiri, mutha kuwona nkhani iyi ya PeritoAnimal za momwe nsomba zimapumira?
tracheal kupuma nyama
Kupuma kwamatenda m'zinyama kuli zamoyo zopanda mafupa, makamaka tizilombo, arachnids, myriapods (centipedes ndi millipedes), ndi zina zambiri. Njirayi imapangidwa ndi nthambi yamachubu ndi timadontho tomwe timadutsa mthupi ndikulumikizana molunjika ndi ziwalo ndi ziwalo zina zonse, kotero kuti, kayendedwe ka magazi sikasokoneza poyendetsa mpweya. Mwanjira ina, mpweya umasunthidwa osafikira hemolymph (madzi ochokera m'magazi ozungulira a mafupa, monga tizilombo, omwe amagwira ntchito yofananira ndi magazi mwa anthu ndi zinyama zina) ndipo amalowa m'maselo. Komanso, ngalandezi zimalumikizidwa kunja ndi mipata yotchedwa manyazi kapena spiracles, kudzera momwe zingathetsere CO2.
Zitsanzo za Tracheal Kupuma kwa Nyama
Zinyama zina zomwe zimapuma mopumira ndi izi:
- Kachilombokagyrinus natator).
- Dzombe (Caelifera).
- Nyerere (Kudzipha).
- Njuchi (Apis mellifera).
- Mavu Aku Asia (mavu a velutine).
Kupuma khungu pakanyama
Pamenepa, kupuma kumachitika kudzera pakhungu osati kudzera m'chiwalo china monga mapapo kapena ma gill. Zimapezeka makamaka mumitundu ina ya tizilombo, amphibiya ndi zina zam'mimba zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mapangidwe amvula kapena zikopa zowonda kwambiri; Zinyama monga mileme, mwachitsanzo, omwe ali ndi khungu lowonda kwambiri pamapiko awo ndipo ndi gawo liti losinthanitsa mpweya lomwe lingachitike. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa kudzera mu khungu lowonda kwambiri komanso lothirira, kusinthana kwa gasi kumathandizidwa ndipo, mwanjira imeneyi, mpweya ndi mpweya woipa umatha kudutsa mwaufulu.
Nyama zina, monga mitundu ina ya amphibiya kapena akamba ofewa, ali nazo ntchofu zomwe zimawathandiza kusunga khungu lonyowa. Kuphatikiza apo, mwachitsanzo, amphibiya ena amakhala ndi zikopa za khungu ndipo potero amawonjezera malo osinthana ndipo, ngakhale atha kuphatikiza mitundu ya kupuma, monga mapapo ndi khungu, 90% ya amphibians gulitsani mpweya kudzera pakhungu.
Zitsanzo za nyama zomwe zimapuma kudzera pakhungu lawo
Zina mwa nyama zomwe zimapuma kudzera pakhungu lawo ndi izi:
- Nthaka (lumbricus terrestris).
- Leech yamankhwala (Hirudo mankhwala).
- Newt waku Iberia (lyssotriton boscai).
- Chule wakuda msomali (Mapuloteni).
- Chule wobiriwira (Pelophylax perezi).
- Nyanja yam'madzi (Paracentrotus lividus).
Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Mitundu ya Kupuma kwa Zinyama, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.