Mitundu ya zikopa zam'nyanja

Zamkati

• Mitundu Yokhazikika Ya Urchin
• 1. Mbalame za m'nyanjaParacentrotus lividus)
• 2. Makoko akuluakulu (Echinus esculentus)
• 3. Urchin wa Nyanja Yobiriwira (Psammechinus miliaris)
• 4. Urchin yamoto (Astropyga radiata)
• 5. Urchin Yanyanja Yakuda (Chovala cha Antillarum)
• Mitundu Yama Urchins Yachilendo
• 6. Echinocardium cordatum
• 7. Echinocyamus pusillus
• 8. Woperewera eccentricus
• 9. Mellita quinquiesperforata
• 10. Leodia amasangalatse
• Mitundu ina ya zikopa zam'nyanja

Echinoids, omwe amadziwika kuti ma urchins am'madzi ndi ma biscuits am'nyanja, ndi gawo la gulu la Echinoidea. Makhalidwe akulu a kanyama kam'nyanja amaphatikizanso mawonekedwe ake ozungulira ndi ma globose mumitundu ina, komanso mitundu yake yotchuka. Komabe, mitundu ina ya zikopa zam'nyanja imatha kukhala ndi matupi ozungulira komanso osalala.

Chikopa cha m'nyanja chili ndi Mafupa a miyala yamwala, yomwe imapanga thupi lanu, ndipo izi zimapangidwa ndi mbale zoteteza mkatimo ngati chipolopolo komanso komwe zimatulukira minga kapena minga omwe ali ndi mayendedwe. Amakhala m'nyanja zonse zapadziko lonse lapansi, mpaka pansi pa nyanja mpaka pafupifupi 3,000 mita kuya, ndipo amadya nsomba, algae ndi zina zambiri zopanda mafupa. Kuphatikiza apo, amawonetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osangalatsa kwambiri.

za pafupi Mitundu 950 yomwe ilipo, mitundu iwiri ya zikopa zam'nyanja imatha kupezeka: mbali imodzi, zikopa zam'madzi zanthawi zonse, zozungulira mozungulira komanso thupi lokutidwa ndi mitsempha yambiri yamitundumitundu; Komano, zikopa zosasunthika, zophwatalala ndipo zokhala ndi minyewa yocheperako zimatchedwa zopangira nyanja. Kodi mudayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti mitundu ya zikopa za m'nyanja? Ngati mukufuna kudziwa mitundu ndi mawonekedwe ake, komanso zitsanzo, musaphonye nkhani iyi ya PeritoAnimal!

Mitundu Yokhazikika Ya Urchin

Mwa mitundu ina ya nkhono zapanyanja, ndiye kuti omwe ali ndi thupi lozungulira komanso lodzaza ndi mitsempha, mitundu yofala kwambiri ndi iyi:

1. Mbalame za m'nyanjaParacentrotus lividus)

Mtundu uwu, womwe umadziwikanso kuti mabokosi nyanja, ndi amodzi mwa omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'nyanja ya Mediterranean, kuphatikiza pakupezeka ku Nyanja ya Atlantic, komwe kumakhala m'miyala yamiyala komanso m'mapiri am'madzi. Sizachilendo kuwapeza akuya mpaka 30 mita, ndipo iwo amatha kuthyola miyala yofewa ndi minga yawo ndikulowa m'mabowo omwe amapanga. Thupi lake lalitali limakhala lalikulu masentimita 7 komanso mphatso mitundu yosiyanasiyana, atha kukhala ndi utoto wofiirira, wobiriwira, wabuluu komanso wofiirira.

Mutha kukhala ndi chidwi ndi nkhani ina iyi yokhudza nyama za m'madzi zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha.

2. Makoko akuluakulu (Echinus esculentus)

Amadziwikanso kuti edgehog yaku Europe, mtundu uwu umapezeka m'mbali mwa gombe lonse la Europe. Nthawi zambiri imatha kukhala kupitirira mamita 1,000 kuzama komanso malo okhala ndi magawo olimba komanso amiyala. Makulidwe ake amasiyana pakati pa 10 mpaka 17 cm ndipo amakhala ndi mafupipafupi kwambiri ndi nsonga zofiirira. Thupi lonse liri ndi Mtundu wofiira zochititsa chidwi, ngakhale zimatha kusiyanasiyana ndi pinki mpaka kufiira kofiirira kapena ndimayendedwe obiriwira.

Ndi mtundu womwe amadziwika kuti "pafupifupi kuwopsezedwa"ndi IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri nsomba, popeza ndi mtundu womwe anthu amadya.

3. Urchin wa Nyanja Yobiriwira (Psammechinus miliaris)

Amadziwikanso kuti Nyanja yam'nyanja, mtundu uwu umagawidwa mu Nyanja ya Atlantic, pofala kwambiri ku North Sea. Nthawi zambiri mtundu uwu umakhala mpaka mita 100, m'malo amiyala ndi ndere zochuluka. M'malo mwake, ndizofala kuzipeza zikugwirizana ndi ndere zofiirira. Zimakhalanso zofala m'mabedi a m'nyanja ndi oyster. Imalemera pafupifupi masentimita 6 ndipo mtundu wa carapace wake ndi imvi bulauni, pamene minga yawo ili yobiriwira ndi nsonga zofiirira.

Ngati, kuwonjezera pa zikopa zam'nyanja, mumakondanso ndi nyamayi, musaphonye nkhaniyi ndi mfundo zosangalatsa za 20 za octopus kutengera maphunziro asayansi.

4. Urchin yamoto (Astropyga radiata)

Mitunduyi imagawidwa m'nyanja zaku India ndi Pacific, makamaka kuzama komwe sikupitilira mita 30 ndipo makamaka ndimchenga wamchenga. Komanso imakhala m'malo okhala ndi zotchinga. Ndi mtundu waukulu komanso utoto wake osiyanasiyana ofiira ofiira mpaka mitundu yowala ngati beige, komabe palinso anthu akuda, ofiirira kapena lalanje.

minga yake yaitali ofiira kapena akuda, iyenso ali ndi poyizoni ndipo amateteza, amagawika mwanjira yoti zigawo zina za thupi zimawululidwa, ndipo mawonekedwe a V amatha kuwoneka. Minga imakhalanso ndi iridescence, mwanjira yomwe imawoneka ngati ikuwala. Kutalika kwa thupi lake kumatha kupitirira masentimita 20 ndipo, kuwonjezeredwa ndi minga yake pafupifupi masentimita 5, kumapangitsa kanyama kamoto kukhala kodabwitsa kwambiri.

5. Urchin Yanyanja Yakuda (Chovala cha Antillarum)

Amadziwikanso kuti hedgehog yaminga yayitali, mtundu uwu umakhala m'nyanja ya Caribbean komanso kumadzulo kwa nyanja ya Atlantic, komwe kumakhala m'madzi osaya a miyala yamchere yamchere. imasewera a gawo lofunikira lachilengedwe, popeza ali ndi udindo wosunga mitundu yokhazikika ya algae, yomwe imatha kuphimba miyala yamchere. Ndi mitundu herbivorous, koma kuti nthawi zina, chakudya chanu chikasoŵa, amatha kudya nyama. Mtundu wa urchin wam'nyanja umakhala ndi mtundu wakuda, ndipo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa mitsempha yayitali, yomwe imatha pafupifupi masentimita 12 ndipo mwa anthu akulu amatha kupitirira 30 cm.

Mitundu Yama Urchins Yachilendo

Tsopano tipitilira ku mitundu ya zikopa zam'madzi zosasinthasintha, omwe matupi awo ndi owoneka bwino ndipo amakhala ndi mitsempha yocheperako kuposa urchins wamba. Izi ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri ya nkhono zam'madzi zosawerengeka:

6. Echinocardium cordatum

Mitunduyi, yomwe ilibe dzina lodziwika bwino m'Chipwitikizi, imagawidwa m'nyanja zonse zapadziko lapansi, kupatula madera akummwera. Amakhala mpaka kupitirira 200 mita komanso pansi pamchenga, pomwe kupezeka kwake kumatha kuzindikirika chifukwa, podzikwirira, pamakhala nkhawa mumchenga. Thupi lake limatha kutalika pafupifupi 9 cm, lofanana ndi mtima ndipo limakutidwa kwathunthu waufupi, wopepuka, pafupifupi minga yachikaso, zomwe zimawoneka ngati tsitsi. Amakhala m'manda m'zipinda zomwe amakumba mumchenga ndipo zimatha kufikira mamita 15.

7. Echinocyamus pusillus

Izi zikugawidwa kuchokera ku Norway kupita ku Sierra Leone, kuphatikizapo Nyanja ya Mediterranean. kawirikawiri amakhala bata madzi ndipo imatha kuwonedwa mpaka mita 1,000 yakuya, pamchenga wamchenga kapena wamiyala wabwino. ndizokoma mtima zochepa kwambiri zomwe nthawi zambiri sizipitilira sentimita imodzi m'mimba mwake ndipo chimakhala chowulungika chowulungika. Mitsempha yake ndi yaifupi komanso yolumikizana. Kanyama kam'nyanja kameneka kakufuna kudziwa za mtundu wake wobiriwira, ngakhale kuti mafupa ake ndi oyera.

8. Woperewera eccentricus

Mtundu uwu, womwe ulibe dzina lotchuka mu Chipwitikizi, ndi waku America ndipo umagawidwa kudutsa Nyanja ya Pacific, kuchokera ku Alaska kupita ku Baja California. Amakhala m'madzi odekha komanso osaya, nthawi zambiri akuya, ngakhale amatha kufika pafupifupi 90 mita, pomwe amaponyera pansi pamchenga ndipo anthu ambiri amatha kulumikizana. mawonekedwe ake ndi osalala, kukulolani kuti mudzikwirire mumchenga. Mwambiri, zikopa zam'nyanja izi zimakhala pafupifupi masentimita 8, ngakhale zimatha kufikira zoposa 10. Zake mtundu umasiyanasiyana bulauni mpaka utoto, ndipo thupi lanu limakutidwa ndi misana yabwino ngati tsitsi.

9. Mellita quinquiesperforata

Mitundu iyi yamabisiketi am'nyanja imapezeka pagombe la Atlantic Ocean, ku North America komanso kuchokera ku North Carolina kupita kumwera kwa Brazil. Sizachilendo kuziona m'mbali mwa mchenga komanso pansi pamiyala, komanso m'malo amiyala yamiyala, mozama kwambiri kuposa mita 150. Ndi mitundu yapakatikati, monga zambiri sizipitilira 10 cm. Monga mabisiketi ena onse am'nyanja, ndiwosalala mozungulira ndipo ali nawo mipata isanu pamwamba chipolopolo, zomwe zimakhala ngati mitsempha. Imakutidwa ndi minyewa yabwino, yayifupi yomwe imapatsa utoto wobiriwira.

Mwinanso mungakhale ndi chidwi chodziwa nkhono zamtundu wanji: zam'madzi ndi zapadziko lapansi, zomwe timapereka munkhani yina.

10. Leodia amasangalatse

Mtundu uwu wa hedgehog umapezeka kunyanja ya Atlantic, mu madera otentha komanso otentha, kuchokera ku North America mpaka ku South America, komwe amafikira ku Uruguay. Amakhala m'madzi osaya komanso m'nyanja zofewa, zomwe amadzikwirira m'malo okhala ndi zamoyo zochepa zam'madzi, ndipo amatha kupezeka mpaka 60 mita.

Monga mitundu ina, bisiketi yam'nyanjayi imafewa mozungulira komanso mawonekedwe ake ndi pafupifupi pentagon. Kukula kwake kumasintha, ndi anthu omwe amayambira 5 cm mpaka kupitirira 13. Ndipo monga dzinalo likutanthauza, ali ndi mabowo asanu ndi limodzi amatchedwa lunula pamwamba pa chipolopolo chake, kuphatikiza pamizere ingapo yayifupi yophimba thupi lake.

Mitundu ina ya zikopa zam'nyanja

Kuphatikiza pa mitundu ya nkhono zam'madzi zotchulidwa pamwambapa, palinso zina zambiri, monga:

• echinus melo
• Pensulo Yofiira Hedgehog (heterocentrotus mammillatus)
• Urchin Woyera wa Nyanja (gracilechinus acutus)
• Cidaris Cidaris
• spatangus wofiirira
• Stylocidaris affinis
• Mbatata Yamadzi (Brissus unicolor)
• Urchin wa Nyanja Yofiirira (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
• Wosonkhanitsa Hedgehog (anayankha)
• Urchin wa Nyanja Yobiriwira (Mitundu ya Lytechinus)
• Mathaei Echinometer
• Kina (Evechinus chloroticus)
• Cracker Yanyanja (Encope kumbuyo)
• Ma Arachnoids Achilengedwe
• Urchin ya Nyanja Yofiira (Asthenosoma marisrubri)

Tsopano popeza mukudziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zikopa zam'nyanja, simutha kuphonya kanemayu pomwe timapereka nyama 7 zapamadzi zapadziko lonse lapansi:

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Mitundu ya zikopa zam'nyanja, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.