Mitundu ya Mphaka - Makhalidwe ndi Zitsanzo

Mlembi: Laura McKinney
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 8 Epulo 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 17 Novembala 2024
Anonim
Mitundu ya Mphaka - Makhalidwe ndi Zitsanzo - Ziweto
Mitundu ya Mphaka - Makhalidwe ndi Zitsanzo - Ziweto

Zamkati

Nthawi zambiri, timadziwa ngati feline mamembala am'banja la felid (Felidae). Nyama zochititsa chidwizi zimapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, kupatula zigawo zakumadzulo ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Oceania. Zachidziwikire kuti izi ndizowona ngati sitichotsa mphaka woweta (Felis catus), yomwe idagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi mothandizidwa ndi anthu.

Banja la felid limaphatikizapo mitundu 14 ndi mitundu 41 yofotokozedwa. Kodi mukufuna kukumana nawo? Zikatero, musaphonye nkhaniyi ndi PeritoAnimal za zosiyana mitundu ya amphaka, mawonekedwe ake ndi zitsanzo.

Makhalidwe a Feline

Mitundu yonse yama feline kapena felids imakhala ndi zikhalidwe zingapo zomwe zimawalola kuti zigwirizane. Izi ndi zina mwa izi:


  • Zinyama malowa: matupi awo ndi okutidwa ndi ubweya, amabereka ana awo agalu atapangidwa kale ndipo amawadyetsa mkaka womwe amatulutsa kudzera m'mawere awo.
  • Zodyera: mkati mwa nyama zoyamwitsa, ziweto zimakhala za dongosolo la Carnivora. Monga mamembala ena onse a lamuloli, amphaka amadyetsanso nyama zina.
  • thupi lokongoletsedwa: Amphaka onse ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana thupi omwe amawalola iwo kuthamanga kwambiri. Ali ndi minofu yamphamvu komanso mchira womwe umawathandiza kukhala olimba. Pamutu pake, pakamwa pake pakamafupi komanso mano akuthwa amaonekera.
  • zikhadabo zazikulu: Mukhale ndi misomali yolimba, yolimba yomwe ili mkati mwa mchimake. Amachotsa pokhapokha akagwiritsa ntchito.
  • Kukula kosinthika kwambiri: amphaka amitundu yosiyanasiyana amatha kulemera kuchokera 1 kg, pakagwiridwe ka dzimbiri (Prionailurus rubiginosus.)), mpaka 300 kg, pankhani ya kambuku (tiger panther).
  • zolusa: nyama zonsezi ndizosaka bwino kwambiri. Amagwira nyama yawo powanyengerera kapena kuwathamangitsa.

Mphaka makalasi

Pakadali pano, alipo okha mabanja awiri a felids:


  • Felinos zoona (Subfamily Felinae): imaphatikizapo mitundu yaying'ono ndi yaying'ono yomwe singabangule.
  • KWAzakale (Pantherinae subfamily): amaphatikiza amphaka akulu. Kapangidwe ka zingwe zawo zamawu kumawalola kuti apange kubangula.

Munkhaniyi yonse, timawona mitundu yonse ya amphaka omwe amapezeka mgulu lililonse.

Mitundu ya amphaka owona

Mamembala am'banja la Felinidae amadziwika kuti ndi enieni. Zake za Mitundu 34 yaying'ono kapena yaying'ono. Kusiyanitsa kwake kwakukulu ndi ma panther felines ndikutulutsa kwake. Kutulutsa kwawo kwamawu ndikosavuta kuposa ka panther, ndichifukwa chake sindingathe kubangula kwenikweni. Komabe, atha kutulutsa.

Mkati mwa gululi titha kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma feline kapena zovuta. Gulu lawo limakhazikitsidwa potengera chibadwa chawo. Ndi awa:


  • Amphaka
  • amphaka a kambuku
  • cougar ndi abale
  • Amphaka a Indo-Malayan
  • zokolola
  • Akambuku kapena mphaka wakutchire
  • Caracal ndi abale

Amphaka (Felis spp.)

amphaka amapanga mtunduwo Felis, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zina mwa mitundu ing'onoing'ono mitundu yonse ya mafine. Pachifukwa ichi, amadyetsa nyama zocheperako, monga makoswe, mbalame, zokwawa komanso nyama zakufa. Amakonda kudya tizilombo tambiri ngati dzombe.

Amphaka amtundu uliwonse amadziwika ndi kusaka kusaka komanso usiku, chifukwa cha masomphenya otukuka kwambiri usiku. Amagawidwa ku Eurasia ndi Africa konse, kupatula mphaka woweta (Felis catus), mphalapala yomwe idasankhidwa ndi anthu kuchokera ku mphaka wakuthengo waku Africa (F. lybica). Kuyambira pamenepo, adatsagana ndi mitundu yathu tikamayenda m'makontinenti ndi zisumbu.

Amuna ndi akazi Felis Zimapangidwa ndi Mitundu 6:

  • Jungle Cat kapena Swamp Lynx (F. zala)
  • Mphaka wokwiya wokhala ndi miyendo yakuda (maphikidwe)
  • Chipululu kapena Sahara cat (F. margarita)
  • Katchi wachipululu waku China (F. bieti)
  • Mphaka wamapiri waku Europe (F. sylvestris)
  • Mphaka wamtchire waku Africa (F. lybica)
  • mphaka woweta (F. catus)

amphaka a kambuku

Amphaka a Leopard ndi mitundu yamtunduwu. Prionailurus, kupatula mphaka Manul (Buku la Otocolobus). Zonsezi zimafalikira kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia ndi zilumba zaku Malay.

Amphakawa amakhalanso oyenda usiku, ngakhale amasiyana kukula ndi machitidwe. Pakati pawo pali kambalame kakang'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi, wotchedwa rust cat (P. rubiginosus). Imangokhala masentimita 40 okha. Mphaka wa asodzi amadziwikanso (P. viverinus), mphonje yekhayo amene amadyetsa nsomba.

Gulu la amphaka anyalugwe titha kupeza mitundu iyi:

  • Manul kapena Pallas Cat (Buku la Otocolobus)
  • Dzimbiri la mphaka kapena dzimbiri lopaka utoto (Prionailurus rubiginosus)
  • mphaka wamutu wathyathyathya (P. mapulaneti)
  • mphaka (P. viverinus)
  • kambuku mphaka (P. bengalensis)
  • Sunda kambwe mphaka (P. javanensis)

cougar ndi abale

M'gululi muli mitundu itatu yomwe, ngakhale idawoneka, ndiyofanana kwambiri:

  • Kamwana (Acinonyx jubatus)
  • Mphaka wachi Moor kapena jaguarundi (herpaiurus yagouaroundi)
  • Puma kapena puma (Puma concolor)

Mitundu itatu iyi ndi ina mwa mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya amphaka. Ndi nyama zolusa kwambiri zizolowezi zamasana. Cheetah imakonda malo owuma komanso owuma, pomwe imadikirira nyama yake, pafupi kwambiri ndi magwero amadzi. Cougar, komabe, imapezeka kwambiri m'mapiri ataliatali.

Ngati amphaka amtunduwu amaoneka bwino, ndichifukwa chothamanga komwe angakwanitse, chifukwa cha awo Thupi lokhazikika komanso lokongoletsedwa. Nyama yothamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi cheetah, yomwe imaposa 100 km / h mosavuta. Izi zimawathandiza kuti azisaka nyama zawo mwa kufunafuna.

Amphaka a Indo-Malayan

Amphakawa ndi amodzi mwamitundu yosadziwika ya akalulu chifukwa chakuchepa kwawo. Amakhala m'chigawo cha Indo-Malay ku Southeast Asia ndipo amadziwika ndi kukongola kwawo kwapadera ndipo mitundu yagolide. Mitundu yawo imawalola kusakanikirana ndi masamba a nthaka ndi khungwa la mitengo.

Gulu ili timapeza mitundu itatu kapena amphaka atatu:

  • Mphaka Wam'madzi (marmorata pardofelis)
  • Mphaka wofiira wa Borneo (Catopuma badia)
  • Mphaka Wagolide waku Asia (C. temminckii)

zokolola

Zolemba (Lynx spp.) Ndi ma felids apakatikati okhala ndi mawanga akuda mthupi. Amadziwika kwambiri ndi khalani ndi mchira waufupi. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi makutu akulu, osongoka, otsalira ndi nthenga yakuda. Izi zimawapatsa chidwi chachikulu kuti amagwiritsira ntchito kuzindikira nyama yawo. Amadyetsa makamaka nyama zakutchire monga akalulu kapena lagomorphs.

Mitundu yamtunduwu imaphatikizidwa Mitundu 4:

  • American Lynx (L. rufus)
  • Lynx waku Canada (L. canadensis)
  • Lynx waku Eurasi (L. ziphuphu)
  • ZamgululiL. pardinus)

amphaka amtchire kapena akambuku

Nthawi zambiri timadziwa kuti amphaka amtchire amtundu wamtunduwu Leopardus. Amagawidwa ku South ndi Central America, kupatula Ocelot, yomwe ili ndi anthu akumwera kwa North America.

Amphaka amtunduwu amadziwika ndi kukhala mawanga akuda pamtundu wachikasu wachikaso. Kukula kwawo ndi kwapakatikati ndipo amadya nyama monga ma opossamu ndi anyani ang'onoang'ono.

Mu gululi titha kupeza mitundu yotsatirayi:

  • Mphaka wa Andean mphaka wamapiri a Andes (Malingaliro a Jacobite L.)
  • Ocelot kapena Ocelot (L. mpheta)
  • Mphaka wa Maracajá kapena Maracajá (L. wiedii)
  • Mphaka wa Haystack kapena Pampas (L. colocolo)
  • Mphaka wa Tiger Wakummwera (L.matumbo)
  • Mphaka wa Tiger Wakumpoto (L. tigrinus)
  • Mphaka wamtchire (L. geoffroyi)
  • Mphaka waku Chile (L. guigna)

Caracal ndi abale

Mu gulu ili la amphaka akuphatikizidwa Mitundu itatu zokhudzana ndi chibadwa:

  • Zida (Serval Leptailurus)
  • Mphaka wagolide waku Africa (aurata nyama)
  • Ng'ombe (C. nyama yakufa)

Mitundu yonseyi ya amphaka imakhala ku Africa, kupatula nyama yanyama, yomwe imapezekanso kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia. Izi ndi nkhondoyi imakonda malo ouma komanso achipululu, pomwe mphaka wagolide waku Africa amakhala m'nkhalango zotseka kwambiri. Onse amadziwika kukhala zolusa mozemba ya nyama zapakatikati, makamaka mbalame ndi makoswe akuluakulu.

Mitundu ya Amphaka a Panther

Ma Panther ndi mamembala am'banja la Pantherinae. Zinyama zodya zija zimasiyana ndi mitundu yonse ya akalulu omwe amakhala ndi zingwe zazitali, zowirira komanso zamphamvu. Kapangidwe kake kamawalola pangani kubangula kwenikweni. Ngakhale ndi gawo lake lalikulu, mitundu ina yomwe tidzawona siyingabangule.

Banja laling'ono lamtunduwu silosiyana poyerekeza ndi lomwe lidalipo, chifukwa mitundu yake yambiri yatayika. Pakadali pano, titha kupeza mitundu iwiri yokha:

  • omvera
  • amphaka akulu

omvera

Ngakhale amadziwikanso kuti panther, nyamazi si za mtunduwo. panthera, koma kuti chimany. Monga amphaka ambiri omwe tawona, amisili amakhala ku South Asia ndi zilumba za Indo-Malayan.

Mphaka wamtunduwu amatha kukula kwambiri, ngakhale osakulirapo ngati abale ake apafupi kwambiri. Amakhala okhazikika. Kweretsani mitengo kusaka anyani kapena tulukani m'mitengo kuti mugwire nyama zapakatikati.

Amuna ndi akazi chimany zikuphatikizapo Mitundu 2 anzawo:

  • Mitambo Panther (N. nebula)
  • Borneo Nebula Panther (N. diardi)

amphaka akulu

Mamembala amtunduwu panthera iwo ndi Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya amphaka padziko lapansi. Matupi awo olimba, mano akuthwa ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu zimawalola kudyetsa nyama zazikulu monga nswala, nkhumba zakutchire ngakhale ng'ona. Nkhondo zapakati ndi zam'mbuyomu (nyalugwe), yomwe ndi feline yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ndipo imatha kufika ku 300 kilos, ndi yotchuka kwambiri.

Pafupifupi amphaka onse akuluakulu amakhala ku Africa ndi South Asia, komwe khalani m'nkhalango kapena m'nkhalango. Chokhacho ndi nyamazi (P. onca): mphaka wamkulu ku America. Onse amadziwika, kupatula kambuku wa chisanu (P. uncia) omwe amakhala kumapiri akutali kwambiri ku Central Asia. Izi ndichifukwa cha mtundu wake woyera, womwe umadzitchinjiriza pachisanu.

mkati mwa mtunduwo panthera titha kupeza mitundu isanu:

  • Nkhumba (tiger panther)
  • Jaguar kapena kambuku wa chisanu (panthera uncia)
  • Nyamazi (P. onca)
  • Mkango (P. leo).
  • Leopard kapena panther (Pardus)

zatha

Zikuwoneka kuti lero kuli amphaka amitundu yambiri, komabe, m'mbuyomu panali mitundu yambiri yambiri. M'chigawo chino, tikukuwuzani zambiri zazamaliro amphaka.

akambuku a saber mano

Akambuku okhala ndi mano ofala ndi odziwika bwino kwambiri ku mitundu yonse ya mbalame zomwe zatha. Ngakhale zili ndi dzina, nyamazi sizogwirizana ndi akambuku amakono. M'malo mwake, amapanga gulu lawo: banja laling'ono Machairodontinae. Onse anali odziwika ndi kukhala mano akulu kwambiri kuchokera mkamwa mwawo.

Mano a Saber adagawidwa pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi. Mitundu yotsiriza idazimiririka kumapeto kwa Pleistocene, pafupifupi zaka 10,000 zapitazo. Monga amphaka amakono, nyamazi zinali ndi kukula kosiyanasiyana, ngakhale mitundu ina ikhoza kukhala nayo yafika 400 kg. Ndi nkhani ya Wopanga smilodon, dzino laku saber ku South America.

Zitsanzo zina za machairodontinae felines ndi:

  • Machairodus aphanistus
  • Makulidwe a Megantereon
  • homotherium latidens
  • Smilodon fatalis

zina zotayika

Kuphatikiza pa machairodontinae, pakhala pali mitundu yambiri ya ma feline yomwe yatha. Izi ndi zina mwa izi:

  • mphaka wamfupi (pratifelis martini)
  • mphaka wa martellis (Felis lunensis)
  • Jaguar waku Europe (Panthera gombaszoegensis)
  • America cheetah (Miracinonyx trumani)
  • chimphona chachikulu (Acinonyx pardinensis)
  • owen panther (Zokongoletsa)
  • mkango wa tuscan (Tuscan Panthera)
  • nyalugwe longdan (Panthera. zdanskyi)

Ma subspecies ambiri kapena mitundu ya felids yomwe ilipo ikadalipo. Izi ndizochitikira mkango waku America (Panthera leo atroxkapena kambuku wa Java (Kafukufuku wa Panthera tigris). ena a iwo anali anazimiririka mzaka makumi angapo zapitazi chifukwa cha kutayika kwa malo awo ndi kusaka kosankhidwa ndi anthu. Chifukwa cha izi, ma subspecies ambiri ndi mitundu yake ili pangozi.

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Mitundu ya Mphaka - Makhalidwe ndi Zitsanzo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.