Zamkati
- Makhalidwe a Whale
- Mitundu ya nsomba mu Balaenidae
- Mitundu ya nsomba mu Balaenopteridae
- Mitundu ya nsomba mu banja la Cetotheriidae
- Mitundu ya nsomba mu banja la Eschrichtiidae
- Mitundu ya Whale Yowopsa
Anangumi ndi imodzi mwa nyama zodabwitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika za iwo. Mitundu ina ya anangumi ndi nyama zomwe zakhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali kwambiri ku Planet Earth, kotero kuti ena mwa anthu omwe ali ndi moyo lero mwina adabadwa m'zaka za zana la 19.
M'nkhaniyi ndi PeritoAnimal tidzapeza angati mitundu ya anamgumi pali, mikhalidwe yawo, yomwe anamgumi ali pachiwopsezo cha kutha ndi chidwi china chambiri.
Makhalidwe a Whale
Anangumi ndi mtundu wa nkhamba zomwe zili m'magulu a kulamulira Zinsinsi, yodziwika ndi kukhala mbale za ndevu m'malo mwa mano, monga ma dolphin, anamgumi opha, anamgumi a umuna kapena porpoises (suborder odontoceti). Ndi nyama zam'madzi, zomwe zimasinthidwa kukhala zamoyo zam'madzi. Kholo lake adachokera kumtunda, nyama yofanana ndi mvuu ya masiku ano.
Makhalidwe athupi la nyamazi ndizomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kwambiri moyo wam'madzi. Wanu zipsepse zam'mimba ndi zakuthambo aloleni kuti azisunga bwino madzi ndikudutsamo. Mbali yakumtunda ya thupi ali nayo mabowo awiri kapena spiracles Kudzera mwa iwo amatenga mpweya wofunikira kuti akhalebe m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. The suborder cetaceans odontoceti ali ndi spirbo imodzi yokha.
Komano, kukula kwa khungu lake ndi kudzikundikira kwa mafuta pansi pake kumathandiza kuti anangumiwo apeze kukhala ndi kutentha thupi nthawi zonse akatsika mgulu lamadzi. Izi, pamodzi ndi mawonekedwe a thupi lake, omwe amapereka mawonekedwe a hydrodynamic, ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'mimba mwa njira yolumikizirana, zimapangitsa kuti anamgumi aphulike akamwalira atasowa pagombe.
Chodziwika ndi gululi ndi mbale za ndevu zomwe ali nazo m'malo mwa mano, omwe amadya. Namgumi akamaluma m'madzi othiramo nyama, amatseka pakamwa pake, ndi lilime lake, amatulutsa madziwo, ndikuwakakamiza kuti adutse pakati pa ndevu zake ndikusiya chakudya chitakodwa. Kenako, ndi lilime lake, amatenga zakudya zonse ndi kumeza.
Ambiri ali ndi imvi yakuda kumbuyo ndi yoyera pamimba, chifukwa chake samatha kuwonekera pagawo lamadzi. Palibe mitundu ya anamgumi oyera, beluga okha (Delphinapterus leucas), yemwe si nsomba, koma dolphin. Kuphatikiza apo, anamgumi amagawika m'mabanja anayi, ndi mitundu yonse 15, zomwe tiwona m'magawo otsatirawa.
Mitundu ya nsomba mu Balaenidae
Banja la balenid limapangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana, genera Balaena ndi jenda Eubalaena, ndi mitundu itatu kapena inayi, kutengera ngati timachokera ku kafukufuku wamakhalidwe kapena ma molekyulu.
Banja ili limaphatikizapo mitundu yayitali ya nyama. Amadziwika ndi kukhala ndi nsagwada yakumunsi kwambiri kunja, zomwe zimawapatsa mawonekedwe awa. Alibe khola pansi pakamwa pawo lomwe amatha kukulira akamadyetsa, chifukwa chake mawonekedwe a nsagwada zawo ndi omwe amawalola kuti atenge madzi ambiri ndi chakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, gulu ili lazinyama lilibe chimbudzi chakumbuyo. Ndi mtundu winawake wa nangumi, wotalika pakati pa 15 ndi 17 mita, ndipo amasambira pang'onopang'ono.
THE Nsomba zobiriwira (Chikhulupiliro cha Balaena), mitundu yokhayo yamtundu wake, ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimawopsezedwa kwambiri ndi kuwomba namgumi, ili pachiwopsezo chotha malinga ndi IUCN, koma kokha m'magawo oyandikana ndi Greenland [1]. Padziko lonse lapansi, palibe nkhawa za iwo, chifukwa chake Norway ndi Japan akupitilizabe kusaka. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, amaganiza kuti ndiye nyama yayitali kwambiri padziko lapansi, yomwe yakhala zaka zoposa 200.
Kummwera kwa dziko lapansi, timapeza Whale kumwera chakumanja (Eubalaena Australis), imodzi mwa mitundu ya anamgumi ku Chile, chowonadi chofunikira chifukwa zidali pano kuti, mu 2008, lamulo linawalengeza ngati chipilala chachilengedwe, kulengeza kuti malowa ndi "malo omasuka osankhira". Zikuwoneka kuti mdera lino kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi kwachuluka chifukwa choletsa kusaka, koma kufa chifukwa chokodwa mu ukonde wopha nsomba kumapitilizabe. Kuphatikiza apo, kwatsimikiziridwa kuti mzaka zaposachedwa a Dominican Seagulls (larus dominicanus) awonjezera kuchuluka kwawo ndipo, polephera kupeza chakudya, amadya khungu pamsana pa anamgumi ang'onoang'ono, ambiri akumwalira ndi zilonda zawo.
Kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Atlantic komanso ku Arctic kumakhala ku North Atlantic Right Whale kapena nsomba yaikulu (Eubalaena glacialis), yomwe imadzitcha dzina lake chifukwa ma Basque kale anali osaka nyama izi, zomwe zimawatsala pang'ono kutha.
Mitundu yotsiriza yamtunduwu ndi Namgumi wam'madzi waku Pacific (Eubalaena japonica), pafupifupi atazimiririka chifukwa chakumenyedwa kosaloledwa ndi boma la Soviet.
Mitundu ya nsomba mu Balaenopteridae
Inu balenoptera kapena rorquais ndi banja la anangumi omwe adapangidwa ndi Englishologist ku British Museum of Natural History ku 1864. Dzinalo rorqual limachokera ku Norway ndipo limatanthauza "kukhazikika pakhosi". Ichi ndiye chinthu chosiyanitsa mtundu wa namgumiyu. M'nsagwada wapansi ali ndi mapangidwe omwe amakula akamatenga madzi kuti adye, kuwalola kuti azitenga zochulukirapo nthawi imodzi; ingagwire ntchito mofananamo ndi zokwawa zomwe mbalame zina monga mbalame zimakhala nazo. Chiwerengero ndi kutalika kwa makutu kumasiyanasiyana mitundu ina. Inu nyama zazikulu kwambiri zodziwika kukhala mgululi. Kutalika kwake kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 10 ndi 30 mita.
M'banjali timapeza mitundu iwiri: mtunduwo Balaenoptera, ndi mitundu 7 kapena 8 ndi mtundu Megapter, yokhala ndi mtundu umodzi wokha, Nangumi (Megaptera novaeangliae). Whale uyu ndi nyama yakutchire, yomwe imapezeka pafupifupi m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja zonse. Malo awo oberekera ndi madzi otentha, komwe amasamukira m'madzi ozizira. Pamodzi ndi North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena glacialis), nthawi zambiri imakodwa mu maukonde. Dziwani kuti anamgumi amtundu wa humpback amaloledwa kusakidwa ku Greenland, komwe mpaka 10 pachaka amatha kusakidwa, komanso pachilumba cha Bequia, 4 pachaka.
Zoti pali mitundu 7 kapena 8 m'banjali ndichifukwa choti sizinafotokozeredwe ngati mitundu yam'malo otentha iyenera kugawidwa kawiri. Balaenoptera eden ndipo Balaenoptera brydei. Nangumiyu amadziwika kuti ali ndi ziphuphu zitatu. Amatha kutalika kwa mita 12 ndikulemera makilogalamu 12,000.
Imodzi mwa mitundu ya anamgumi ku Mediterranean ndi Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus). Ndi nsomba yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, pambuyo pa nsomba yamtambo (Balaenoptera musculus), kufikira mamita 24 m'litali. Nangumiyu ndiosavuta kusiyanitsa ku Mediterranean ndi mitundu ina ya cetaceans monga sperm whale (Thupi macrocephalus), chifukwa ikamayandama sikuwonetsa mchira wake kumapeto, monga momwe zimakhalira komaliza.
Mitundu ina ya anangumi mu banja ili ndi iyi
- Momwe Whale (Balaenoptera borealis)
- Whale Wam'madzi (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)
- Antarctic Minke Whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis)
- Umura Whale (Balaenoptera omurai)
Mitundu ya nsomba mu banja la Cetotheriidae
Mpaka zaka zingapo zapitazo amakhulupirira kuti Cetotheriidae idazimiririka koyambirira kwa Pleistocene, ngakhale kafukufuku waposachedwa wa Royal Society atsimikiza kuti pali mitundu yamoyo ya banjali, a pygmy nsomba yamanja (Caperea marginata).
Anangumi amenewa amakhala kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi, m'madera a madzi ozizira. Pali owonera ochepa amtunduwu, zambiri zimapezeka pazomwe zidatengedwa ku Soviet Union kapena kuchokera pansi. Ali anamgumi ochepa kwambiri, pafupifupi mamita 6.5 m'litali, ilibe khola lakhosi, kotero mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi anamgumi a banja la Balaenidae. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi zipsepse zazifupi zakuthambo, zopanda mafupa awo zala 4 zokha m'malo mwa 5.
Mitundu ya nsomba mu banja la Eschrichtiidae
The Eschrichtiidae akuyimiridwa ndi mtundu umodzi, the nsomba yofiira (Eschrichtius robustus). Nangumiyu amadziwika kuti alibe dorsal fin ndipo m'malo mwake amakhala ndi mitundu ina ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono. khalani ndi nkhope yopindika, mosiyana ndi anangumi ena omwe ali ndi nkhope yowongoka. Mbale zawo za ndevu ndizofupikitsa kuposa mitundu ina ya anangumi.
Whale wofiira ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya anamgumi ku Mexico. Amakhala kuchokera kuderalo kupita ku Japan, komwe amatha kusakidwa movomerezeka. Anangumiwa amadyera pansi pa nyanja, koma pa alumali, kotero amakhala pafupi ndi gombe.
Mitundu ya Whale Yowopsa
International Whaling Commission (IWC) ndi bungwe lomwe lidabadwa mu 1942 kuti liziwongolera ndi loletsa kusaka nyama. Ngakhale zoyesayesa zidachitidwa, ndipo ngakhale zikhalidwe zamitundu yambiri zakhala zikuyenda bwino, mbalame za namgumi zikupitilizabe kukhala chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kusowa kwa nyama zam'madzi.
Mavuto ena akuphatikizapo kugundana ndi sitima zazikulu, ziwembu zangozi mu r.maukonde, kuipitsidwa ndi Zamgululi (mankhwala ophera tizilombo), kuipitsidwa kwa pulasitiki, kusintha kwa nyengo komanso sungunulani, zomwe zimapha anthu ambiri a krill, chakudya chachikulu cha anamgumi ambiri.
Mitundu yomwe ikuwopsezedwa kapena kuwopsezedwa kwambiri ndi iyi:
- Whale Blue (Balaenoptera musculus)
- Kukhazikika kwa Whale Kum'mwera kwa Chile-Peru (Eubalaena Australis)
- North Whale KumanjaEubalaena glacialis)
- Kuchuluka kwa nyanja zam'mphepete zam'madzi (Megaptera novaeangliae)
- Whale wotentha ku Gulf of Mexico (Balaenoptera eden)
- Whale Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus Intermedia)
- Whale Ndikudziwa (Balaenoptera borealis)
- Whale wofiirira (Eschrichtius robustus)
Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Mitundu ya Whale, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.