Mitundu ya Ma Parrot - Makhalidwe, Mayina ndi Zithunzi

Mlembi: Peter Berry
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 14 Kulayi 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 14 Novembala 2024
Anonim
Mitundu ya Ma Parrot - Makhalidwe, Mayina ndi Zithunzi - Ziweto
Mitundu ya Ma Parrot - Makhalidwe, Mayina ndi Zithunzi - Ziweto

Zamkati

Ma Parrot ndi mbalame zomwe ndi amtundu wa Psittaciformes, zopangidwa ndi mitundu yomwe imagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka m'malo otentha a ku South America, Africa, Australia ndi New Zealand, komwe kuli kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu. Zimayimira gulu lomwe mikhalidwe yawo imawasiyanitsa bwino ndi mbalame zina zonse, monga mlomo wawo wolimba, wamphamvu komanso wopindika womwe umawalola kuti adye zipatso ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana, komanso miyendo yawo ya prehensile ndi zygodactile. Kumbali inayi, amakhala ndi nthenga zokhala ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, kuwonjezera pokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zili m'gulu la nyama zanzeru kwambiri ndipo zimatha kutulutsa mawu amunthu, china chomwe chimapangitsa kukhala mbalame zapadera.


Pitilizani kuwerenga nkhani ya PeritoAnimal ndipo tikambirana mitundu ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, makhalidwe awo ndi mayina.

Makhalidwe a Parrot

Mbalamezi zimapanga dongosolo ndi mitundu yoposa 370 omwe amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha apadziko lapansi ndipo amagawika m'magulu atatu apamwamba (Strigopidea, Psittacoidea ndi Cacatuoidea) omwe amasiyana pamikhalidwe monga kukula, mtundu wa nthenga ndi kugawa malo. Ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, monga tionera pansipa:

  • miyendo: Ali ndi miyendo ya zygodactile, ndiye kuti, ndi zala ziwiri kutsogolo ndi ziwiri zakumbuyo zomwe zilinso zotsogola ndikukulolani kuti musamalire chakudya chawo. Iwo ndi afupi koma olimba ndipo nawo amatha kugwira nthambi za mitengo molimba.
  • ziphuphu: Milomo yawo ndi yolimba, yolimba ndipo imathera mu mbedza, mawonekedwe omwe amawasiyanitsa ndi mbalame zina zonse, komanso lilime lawo laminyewa lomwe limakhala ngati siponji mukamadya mungu, mwachitsanzo, kapena ngati chala pamene amafuna kuchotsa khungwa pamtengo. Amacheza pomwe amasungira pang'ono pang'ono chakudya ndikubwezeretsanso ana agalu kapena anzawo.
  • chakudya: ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zipatso ndi mbewu, ngakhale mitundu ina imatha kuwonjezera pazakudya zawo ndi mungu ndi timadzi tokoma ndipo enanso amadya zovunda ndi zazing'ono zazing'ono.
  • Malo okhala: amakhala kuchokera kuzipululu za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nkhalango zowuma ndi nkhalango zowirira kupita m'malo opezeka anthu, monga minda ndi mbewu. Pali mitundu yodziwika bwino yomwe imasinthasintha mosavuta kusintha kwa chilengedwe chawo ndi ena omwe ndi akatswiri ambiri omwe amafunikira malo enaake kuti akule bwino, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osatetezeka kwambiri komanso mitundu yambiri ya ziwopsezo.
  • Khalidwe: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe ndi mbalame zokonda kucheza, ndiye kuti, ndi ochezeka ndipo amapanga magulu akuluakulu, mitundu ina ngakhale magulu a anthu masauzande ambiri. Mitundu yambiri imapanga mabanja kwanthawi yayitali, motero amakhala amodzi okhaokha ndipo amamanga zisa m'makona amitengo kapena milu ya chiswe, kusiyapo New Zealand Kakapo (Strigops habroptilus), yemwe ndi parrot yekhayo amene samauluka ndikumanga zisa pansi, ndi Monk Parakeet waku Argentina (kutchfunmonachus) zomwe zimapanga zisa zazikulu, zogwiritsa ntchito nthambi. Amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwamagulu anzeru kwambiri mbalame komanso kuti amatha kuphunzira mawu ndi ziganizo zomveka bwino.

Mitengo ya taxonomic ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe

Dongosolo la Psittaciformes lidagawika m'magulu atatu apamwamba omwe nawonso amakhala ndi gulu lawo. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yayikulu ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhanira imagawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu awa:


  • Strigopidea: amaphatikizapo mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe ku New Zealand.
  • Cockatoo: Kuphatikiza ma cockatoos.
  • kutuloji: amaphatikiza mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zotchuka kwambiri ndi zinkhwe zina.

Banja la Strigopidea

Pakadali pano, pali mitundu inayi yokha yamtunduwu: kakapo (Masewera olimbitsa thupi), kea (Nestor notabilis), kaka waku South Island (Nestor meridionalis meridionalis) ndi kaka waku North Island (Nestor meridionalis spetentrionalis).

Banja la Strigopidea yagawidwa m'mabanja awiri, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zotchulidwa:

  • Strigopidae: ndi mtundu wa Strigops.
  • Nestoridae: ndi mtundu wa Nestor.

Banja la Cacatuidae

Monga tidanenera, banja ili limapangidwa ndi ma cockatoos, chifukwa chake limangophatikiza Cockatoo banja, yomwe ili ndi mabanja atatu:


  • Nymphicinae: ndi mtundu wa Nymphicus.
  • Calyptorhynchinae: ndi mtundu wa Calyptorhynchus.
  • Cacatuinae: ndi gulu la Probosciger, Eolophus, Lophochroa, Callocephalon ndi Cacatua.

Tidapeza zamoyo monga white cockatoo (cockatoo yoyera), cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) kapena cockatoo yakuda yofiira (Calyptorhynchus banksii).

Banja la Psittacoid

Ndiwofalikira kwambiri kuposa onse, chifukwa amaphatikiza mitundu yoposa 360 ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe. Amagawidwa m'mabanja atatu, iliyonse ili ndi mabanja awo osiyanasiyana:

  • alireza: ikuphatikiza mabanja alireza (ndi genera Psittacus ndi Poicephalus) ndi arina . , Deroptyus, Hapalopsittaca, Touit, Brotogeris, Bolborhynchus, Myiopsitta, Psilopsiagon ndi Nannopsittaca).
  • alirezatalischi: ikuphatikiza mabanja alireza (ndi mtundu wa Psittrichas) ndi Coracopseinae (ndi mtundu wa Coracopsis).
  • alireza: ikuphatikiza mabanja Chomera (ndi genera Barnardius, Platycercus, Psephotus, Purpureicephalus, Northiella, Lathamus, Prosopeia, Eunymphicus, Cyanoramphus, Pezoporus, Neopsephotus ndi Neophema), Khalani (ndi mtundu wa Psittacella), Loriinae (ndi genera Oreopsittacus, Charmosyna, Vini, Phigys, Neopsittacus, Glossopsitta, Lorius, Psitteuteles, Pseudeos, Eos, Chalcopsitta, Trichoglossus, Melopsittacus, Psittaculirostris ndi Cyclopsitta), Agapornithinae (ndi genera Bolbopsittacus, Loriculus ndi Agapornis) ndi alireza (ndi genera Alisterus, Aprosmictus, Polytelis, Eclectus, Geoffroyus, Tanygnathus, Psittinus, Psittacula, Prioniturus ndi Micropsitta).

M'banjali timapeza mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, ndiye pali mitundu monga Bourke parakeet (Neopsephotus bourkii), nkhope zosagawanika-zaimvi (canus mbalame zachikondi) kapena pakhosi lofiira lorikeet (Charmosyna amabilis).

Mitundu ya ma Parrot amathanso kusankhidwa ndi kukula, monga tiwonera m'magawo otsatirawa.

Mitundu ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zazing'ono

Pali mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zazing’ono, choncho m’munsimu muli mitundu ya zoimira kapena yotchuka kwambiri.

Chiphalaphala cha Pygmy (Micropsitta pusio)

Mitunduyi ndi ya banja lalikulu kwambiri la Psittacoidea (banja la Psittaculidae ndi banja laling'ono la Psittaculinae). 8 mpaka 11 cm masentimita, ndi mtundu wochepa kwambiri wa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zomwe zilipo. Ndi mitundu yochepa kwambiri yophunziridwa, koma ndi Native ku New Guinea, yomwe imakhala m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri ndipo imapanga timagulu ting'onoting'ono ta anthu sikisi.

Tuim wamapiko a buluu (Zotsatira za xanthopterygius)

Mitunduyi imadziwikanso kuti parakeet ya mapiko a buluu, mitundu iyi imapezeka mkati mwa banja lalikulu la Psittacoidea (banja la Psittacidae ndi banja laling'ono la Arinae), lozungulira mozungulira 13 cm kutalika, amapezeka ku South America ndipo amakhala m'malo achilengedwe otsegulidwa m'mapaki amzindawu. Imakhala ndi mawonekedwe azakugonana (mawonekedwe achilendo mkati mwa dongosolo la Psittaciformes), pomwe champhongo chimakhala ndi nthenga zampira wabuluu ndipo chachikazi chimakhala chobiriwira kwathunthu. Sizachilendo kuwawona awiriawiri.

Parakeet waku Australia (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Amadziwika kuti parakeet waku Australia, yomwe ili mkati mwa banja lapamwamba kwambiri la Psittacoidea (banja la Psittaculidae, banja laling'ono Loriinae), ndi mbadwa zaku Australia ndipo imapezekanso kumeneko, ngakhale idayambitsidwa m'maiko ena ambiri. Njira za 18 cm kutalika ndipo amakhala m'malo ouma kapena ouma kwambiri m'nkhalango kapena zitsamba. Mumtunduyu mumakhala mawonekedwe azakugonana ndipo chachikazi chimatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi champhongo (mnofu womwe mbalame zina zimakhala nawo pakamwa), popeza zazikazi ndizofiirira, pomwe yamphongo imakhala yamtundu wa buluu.

Parakeet waku Australia ndi m'modzi mwa mbalame zotchuka kwambiri zapapakhungu chifukwa cha kukula kwake, chikhalidwe chake komanso kukongola kwake. Komabe, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti mbalame zonse zomwe zimakhala mu ukapolo ziyenera kusangalala ndi nthawi yowuluka, chifukwa chake, sikulangizidwa kuti muzizitsekera m'makola maola 24 patsiku.

Mitundu ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zapakati

Mwa mitundu yoposa 370 ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe, timapezanso mitundu yapakatikati. Ena mwa odziwika kwambiri ndi awa:

Nyama yamphesa yaku Argentina (myiopsitta monachus)

Mitundu yayikulu ya ma parrot, omwe amayesa pafupifupi Kutalika kwa 30 cm. Ndi za banja lalitali kwambiri la Psittacoidea (banja la Psittacidae ndi banja laling'ono Arinae). Amakhala ku South America, kuchokera ku Bolivia kupita ku Argentina, komabe, adayambitsidwa m'maiko ena ku America ndi m'maiko ena, zomwe zidasandutsa tizilombo, popeza ili ndi nthawi yayifupi kwambiri yoberekera ndipo imayika mazira ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi mtundu wokonda kucheza womwe uli ndi zisa zam'magulu ogawidwa ndi mabanja angapo.

Cockatoo waku Philippines (Cockatoo haematuropygia)

Mbalameyi imapezeka ku Philippines ndipo imakhala m'malo otsika a mangrove. Amapezeka m'banja lalikulu la Cacatuoidea (banja la Cacatuidae ndi banja laling'ono la Cacatuinae). Kufikira pafupi 35 cm kutalika ndipo nthenga zake zoyera sizikudziwikiratu chifukwa cha dera la pinki lomwe limapereka pansi pa nthenga za mchira komanso nthenga zachikaso kapena zapinki pamutu pake. Mtunduwu uli pachiwopsezo chotha chifukwa cha kusaka kosaloledwa.

Kumanani ndi nyama zomwe zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotha ku Brazil munkhani ina.

Lory wonyezimira (Lorius chlorocercus)

Mtundu womwe umaphatikizidwanso mu banja la Psittacoidea (banja la Psittaculidae, banja laling'ono Loriinae). Lory wonyezimira wachinyama ndi mtundu womwe umapezeka ku Solomon Islands womwe umakhala m'nkhalango zowirira komanso madera akumapiri. Ndipatseni pakati pa 28 ndi 30 cm kutalika ndipo ili ndi nthenga zokongola zomwe zimawoneka bwino kwambiri, zobiriwira komanso zachikaso, komanso zokhala ndi hood yakuda pamutu pake. Ndi mitundu yomwe imaphunziridwa pang'ono, koma amaganiza kuti biology yake ndiyofanana ndi Psittaciformes yonse.

Mitundu ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zazikulu

Tinatseka mitundu yonse ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zosanjidwa ndi kukula kwake ndi zazikulu koposa zonse. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi iyi:

Hyacinth Macaw kapena Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus)

Ya banja lalikulu kwambiri la Psittacoidea (banja la Psittacidae, banja laling'ono la Arinae), limachokera ku Brazil, Bolivia ndi Paraguay, ndipo ndi mtundu wa mbalame zazikulu zomwe zimapezeka m'nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango. Itha kuyamba kuyeza kupitirira mita imodzi, pokhala mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya macaw. Ndi mitundu yodabwitsa kwambiri osati kokha chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi mchira wake ndi nthenga zazitali kwambiri, komanso mtundu wake wabuluu wokhala ndi zachikaso kuzungulira maso ndi mulomo. Amadziwika kuti ndi "Ovutitsidwa" chifukwa chakuchepa kwa malo okhala ndi malonda osavomerezeka, kuwonjezera pokhala mtundu womwe kuzungulira kwake kumakhala kotalikirapo, chifukwa chimafika zaka zakubadwa zaka 7.

Zonse chifukwa cha kukongola kwake komanso nzeru zake, nthungwa ya macaw ndi ina mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zapakhomo. Komabe, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti uwu ndi mtundu wosatetezeka, chifukwa chake uyenera kukhala mwaufulu.

Araracanga (macao)

Mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa Psittacoidea (banja la Psittacidae, banja laling'ono la Arinae), umafika kuposa 90 cm kutalika kuphatikizapo mchira wake, womwe uli ndi nthenga zazitali, ndikupangitsa kuti ukhale umodzi wa mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zilipo. Amakhala m'nkhalango, m'nkhalango, m'mapiri ndi m'malo otsika kuchokera ku Mexico kupita ku Brazil. Zimakhala zachilendo kuwona gulu la anthu opitilira 30 omwe amawoneka bwino chifukwa cha nthenga zawo zofiira ndi mapiko okhala ndi mawu amtambo ndi achikaso.

Macaw obiriwira (ara yankhondo)

Iyi ndi macaw yocheperako pang'ono kuposa enawo, yomwe imaphatikizidwanso mu banja la Psittacoidea (banja la Psittacidae, banja laling'ono la Arinae), ndipo limakhudza pafupifupi 70 cm kutalika. Ndi mtundu womwe umachokera ku Mexico kupita ku Argentina ndipo umakhala m'nkhalango mosamala bwino, ndichifukwa chake umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chisonyezo chaumoyo ndi madera omwe akukhalamo, chifukwa amangozimiririka m'malo owonongeka. Amadziwika kuti ndi "Ovutika" chifukwa chakutha kwa malo okhala. Nthenga zake zimakhala zobiriwira pathupi, zokhala ndi zofiira pamphumi.

Mitundu yolankhula zinkhwe

M'nthawi ya mbalame, pali maoda ambiri okhala ndi mitundu yazachilengedwe yomwe imatha kutengera mawu amunthu ndikuphunzira, kuloweza ndikubwereza mawu ndi ziganizo zomveka bwino. Pakati pa gululi pali mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zomwe zili ndi luntha kwambiri ndipo zimatha kulumikizana ndi anthu, chifukwa zimatha kuphunzira mawu ngakhale kuwalumikiza ndi tanthauzo. Tiona mitundu ina ya mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe zomwe amakambirana mtsogolomo.

Congo kapena Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus)

Mtundu wamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa Psittacoidea (banja la Psittacidae, banja laling'ono la Psittacinae), lochokera ku Africa komwe kumakhala nkhalango zamvula komanso madambo otentha. Imakhala pafupifupi masentimita 30 mpaka 40 m'litali ndipo ndiyopatsa chidwi kwambiri nthenga zake zakuda ndi nthenga zofiira. Ndi mtundu womwe umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilengedwe chake ndipo, mwakuchita bwino, ndi mtundu wa mbalame yolankhula. ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwakuphunzira mawu ndi kuloweza iwo, komanso, ali ndi luntha lofanana ndi la mwana wamng'ono.

Makamaka chifukwa chanzeru zake komanso luso lawo lophunzira, chinkhwe cha ku Congo ndi mtundu wina wamatenda odyetserako ziweto padziko lapansi. Apanso, tikuwonetsa kufunikira kosiya nyama izi mwaulere kuti zizitha kuwuluka komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Momwemonso, tikukulimbikitsani kuti muganizire za umwini wa mbalame musanapitilire kukhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha zonse zomwe tatchulazi.

Parrot yakutsogolo kapena buluu weniweni (aestiva Amazon)

Wachibadwidwe ku South America, mbalamezi zimachokera ku Psittacoidea (banja la Psittacidae, banja laling'ono la Arinae), lomwe limakhala m'nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango, kuphatikizapo madera akumidzi ndi madera ochokera ku Bolivia kupita ku Argentina. Ndi moyo wautali kwambiri, wokhala ndi mbiri ya anthu mpaka zaka 90. Ili ndi kukula kwa pafupifupi masentimita 35 ndi nthenga zapadera pamphumi ndi nthenga zamtambo. Wotchuka kwambiri chifukwa chakutha kubereka mawu amunthu ndipo amatha kuphunzira kuchuluka kwamawu ndi ziganizo zazitali.

Chiphalaphala cha Ecletus (Eclectus roratus)

Mtundu womwe umagawidwa ku Solomon Islands, Indonesia, New Guinea ndi Australia, komwe kumakhala nkhalango zobiriwira komanso nkhalango komanso madera amapiri. Imaphatikizidwanso m'banja lotchedwa Psittacoidea (banja la Psittaculidae, banja laling'ono Psittaculinae). Miyeso pakati pa 30 ndi 40 cm ndipo ili ndi kudziwika kwambiri kogonana, chifukwa chachimuna ndi chachikazi chimasiyana chifukwa chakuti wotsirizayo ali ndi thupi lofiira lokhala ndi tsatanetsatane wa buluu ndi mlomo wakuda, pomwe wamwamuna ndi wobiriwira ndipo mlomo wake ndi wachikaso. Atazindikira mtundu uwu, zidawapangitsa kuganiza kuti ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana. Mitunduyi, monga yam'mbuyomu, imatha kutulutsa mawu amunthu, ngakhale imafuna nthawi yochulukirapo kuti iphunzire.

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Mitundu ya Ma Parrot - Makhalidwe, Mayina ndi Zithunzi, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.