Zamkati
- Chimbalangondo chachimalaya
- chimbalangondo chaulesi
- chimbalangondo chodabwitsa
- Chimbalangondo chofiirira
- asia chimbalangondo chakuda
- chimbalangondo chakuda
- Pandi wamkulu
- Polar Bear
Zimbalangondo zinasintha kuchokera kwa kholo limodzi ndi amphaka, agalu, zisindikizo kapena zisoti zaka 55 miliyoni zapitazo. Amakhulupirira kuti mtundu woyamba wa chimbalangondo chomwe chidawonekera ndi chimbalangondo chakumtunda.
Zimbalangondo zimapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi, iliyonse ya izo. ndinazolowera malo anu. Izi ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitundu ya zimbalangondo ikhale yosiyana. Mtundu wa malaya, khungu, makulidwe atsitsi ndi kutalika kwake ndi zinthu zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti azolowere chilengedwe chomwe akukhalamo, kuti azitha kuwongolera kutentha kwa thupi lawo kapena kudzitchinjiriza m'chilengedwe.
Pakadali pano alipo mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya zimbalangondo, ngakhale mitundu iyi imagawika m'magulu ambiri. Munkhaniyi ndi PeritoAnimal, tiwona angati mitundu ya zimbalangondo zilipo komanso mawonekedwe ake.
Chimbalangondo chachimalaya
Inu malay malay, yemwenso amadziwika kuti zimbalangondo zadzuwa (Ma Helarctos Achimalawi), amakhala m'malo ofunda a Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam kapena Borneo, ngakhale kuti anthu awo atsika modetsa nkhawa m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa chakusowa kwachilengedwe komanso kugwiritsa ntchito komwe mankhwala achi China amakhazikitsa pa nyamayi.
Ndi mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ya chimbalangondo yomwe ilipo, yamphongo imalemera pakati 30 ndi 70 kg ndi akazi pakati pa 20 ndi 40 kg. Chovalacho ndi chakuda komanso chachifupi kwambiri, chosinthidwa ndi nyengo yotentha komwe chimakhala. Zimbalangondo izi zili ndi chigamba chofanana ndi nsapato za lalanje pachifuwa.
Zakudya zawo zimadalira kumwa mtedza ndi zipatso, ngakhale amadya chilichonse chomwe angathe, monga nyama zazing'ono kapena zokwawa. Akhozanso kutero kudya uchi nthawi iliyonse akamupeza. Pachifukwa ichi, ali ndi lilime lalitali kwambiri, lomwe amachotsa uchi muming'oma.
Alibe nyengo yoberekera, kotero amatha kuswana chaka chonse. Komanso, zimbalangondo zachi Malay sizibisala. Pambuyo pogonana, chachimuna chimakhala ndi chachikazi kuti chimuthandize kupeza chakudya ndi chisa cha ana amtsogolo ndipo akabadwa, chachimuna chimatha kukhala kapena kuchoka. Mwana akasiyana ndi mayi, yaimuna imatha kuchoka kapena kukweranso ndi yaikazi.
chimbalangondo chaulesi
Inu zimbalangondo za ulesi kapena zimbalangondo za ulesi (Melursus zimbalangondo) ndi amodzi mndandandanda wa mitundu ya zimbalangondo ndipo amakhala ku India, Sri Lanka ndi Nepal. Chiwerengero chomwe chidalipo ku Bangladesh chidawonongedwa. Amatha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, monga nkhalango zowuma ndi zouma, masaka, nkhalango ndiudzu. Amapewa malo omwe amasokonezedwa ndi anthu.
Amadziwika ndi kukhala ndi ubweya wautali, wowongoka, wakuda, wosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina ya zimbalangondo. Ali ndi mphuno yayitali kwambiri, yokhala ndi milomo yotchuka, yoyenda. Pa chifuwa, ali ndi choyera choyera ngati "V". Amatha kulemera ngakhale Makilogalamu 180.
Zakudya zawo zimakhala pakati pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi frugivore. Tizilombo monga chiswe ndi nyerere zimatha kukhala ndi chakudya choposa 80%, komabe, m'nthawi yazipatso za zipatso, zipatso zimakhala pakati pa 70 ndi 90% ya chakudya cha chimbalangondo.
Zimaswana pakati pa Meyi ndi Julayi, zazikazi zimabereka mwana mmodzi kapena awiri pakati pa mwezi wa Novembala ndi Januware. M'miyezi isanu ndi inayi yoyambirira, anawo amabwerekedwa pamsana pa mayiwo ndikukhala nawo kwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri ndi theka.
chimbalangondo chodabwitsa
Inu zimbalangondo zochititsa chidwi (Zovuta za Tremarctos) amakhala ku South America ndipo amapezeka ku madera otentha a Andes. Makamaka, amapezeka ndi mayiko a Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia ndi Peru.
Khalidwe lalikulu la nyama izi, mosakayikira, ndi mawanga oyera kuzungulira maso. Zigawozi zimafikiranso pakamwa ndi m'khosi. Malaya ake otsalawo ndi akuda. Ubweya wawo ndiwopyapyala kuposa wa mitundu ina ya zimbalangondo, chifukwa chakutentha komwe amakhala.
Amatha kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana azachilengedwe ku Andes otentha, kuphatikiza nkhalango zowuma, madera otentha, nkhalango zamapiri, zitsamba zamvula komanso zowuma, madera okwera ndi madera.
Monga mitundu yambiri ya zimbalangondo, chimbalangondo chowoneka modabwitsachi ndi nyama yopatsa chidwi ndipo chakudya chake chimadalira masamba olimba kwambiri komanso olimba, monga nthambi ndi masamba a mgwalangwa ndi ma bromeliads. Akhozanso kudya zinyama, monga akalulu kapena matepi, koma makamaka amadya ziweto. Nyengo yazipatso ikafika, zimbalangondo zimawonjezera zakudya zawo ndi zipatso zotentha.
Zambiri sizikudziwika za kuberekana kwa nyama izi mchirengedwe. Mu ukapolo, akazi amakhala ngati ma polyestrics amakono. Pali nsonga yokwera pakati pa Marichi ndi Okutobala. Kukula kwa zinyalazi kumasiyana mwana mmodzi mpaka kanayi, ndipo mapasa ndiwo amapezeka kwambiri.
Chimbalangondo chofiirira
O Chimbalangondo chofiirira (Ursus arctos) imagawidwa m'malo ambiri akumpoto, Europe, Asia ndi madera akumadzulo kwa United States, Alaska ndi Canada. Pokhala mitundu yayikulu kwambiri, anthu ambiri amawerengedwa kuti ndiomwe ali subspecies, ndi pafupifupi 12 osiyana.
Chitsanzo ndi kodiak chimbalangondo (Ursus arctos middendorffi) omwe amakhala m'zilumba za Kodiak ku Alaska. Mitundu ya zimbalangondo ku Spain zimachepetsedwa kukhala mitundu yaku Europe, Ursus arctos arctos, omwe amapezeka kumpoto kwa chilumba cha Iberia mpaka ku Scandinavia Peninsula ndi Russia.
zimbalangondo zofiirira sizangokhala zofiirira, chifukwa atha kuperekanso wakuda kapena kirimu mtundu. Kukula kumasiyana malinga ndi subspecies, pakati 90 ndi 550 kilos. Pamtundu wapamwamba kwambiri timapeza chimbalangondo cha Kodiak komanso m'munsi mwake polemera chimbalangondo cha ku Europe.
Amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira kudera louma laku Asia mpaka nkhalango zowirira za Arctic komanso nkhalango zotentha komanso zachinyezi. Chifukwa amakhala m'malo okhalamo mosiyanasiyana kuposa mitundu ina yonse ya zimbalangondo, amagwiritsanso ntchito zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Ku United States, zizolowezi zawo ndizo owadya nyama zambiri pamene akuyandikira North Pole, komwe kumakhala nyama zambiri zopanda moyo ndipo amatha kukumana ndi nsomba. Ku Europe ndi Asia, ali ndi zakudya zopatsa chidwi kwambiri.
Kubereka kumachitika pakati pa miyezi ya Epulo ndi Julayi, koma dzira la umuna silikhala mchiberekero mpaka nthawi yophukira. Ana agalu, pakati pa mmodzi mpaka atatu, amabadwa mu Januware kapena February, pomwe amayi amabisala. Adzakhala naye kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zinayi.
asia chimbalangondo chakuda
Chotsatira mtundu wa chimbalangondo kuti mudzakumana ndi chimbalangondo chakuda waku Asia (Ursus Thibetanus). Chiwerengero chake chikuchepa, nyamayi ikukhala kumwera kwa Iran, zigawo zamapiri kwambiri kumpoto kwa Pakistan ndi Afghanistan, kumwera kwa mapiri a Himalaya ku India, Nepal ndi Bhutan ndi Southeast Asia, mpaka kumwera ku Myanmar ndi Thailand.
Ndi akuda ndi yaying'ono malo oyera owoneka ngati mwezi pachifuwa. Khungu lozungulira khosi ndilolimba kuposa thupi lonse ndipo tsitsi m'derali ndilolitali, limapereka chithunzi cha mane. Kukula kwake ndi kwapakatikati, kolemera pakati 65 ndi 150 kilos.
Amakhala m'nkhalango zosiyanasiyana, zamapiri ataliatali komanso nkhalango za coniferous, pafupi ndi nyanja kapena pamtunda wopitilira 4,000 mita.
Zimbalangondo izi zili ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana komanso nyengo. Masika, chakudya chawo chimachokera pamitengo yobiriwira, masamba ndi ziphuphu. M'chilimwe, amadya tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, monga nyerere, zomwe zimatha kusaka maola 7 kapena 8, njuchi, komanso zipatso. M'dzinja, zomwe mumakonda zimasintha kukhala zipatso, mtedza ndi mabokosi. Amadyetsanso sungani nyama ndi ng'ombe.
Zimaswana mu Juni ndi Julayi, zimabereka pakati pa Novembala ndi Marichi. Dzira limayambira kumachitika posachedwa kapena mtsogolo, kutengera momwe zinthu zimakhalira ndi umuna. Ali ndi ana agalu awiri, omwe amakhala ndi amayi awo kwa zaka ziwiri.
chimbalangondo chakuda
Mamembala ambiri pamndandanda wamtundu wa zimbalangondo ndi chimbalangondo chakuda (ursus americanus). Idazimiririka ku United States ndi Mexico ndipo ikukhala ku Canada ndi Alaska, kumene anthu akuchuluka. Amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zotentha, koma amapitilira kumadera otentha a Florida ndi Mexico, komanso kumadera akutali kwambiri. Mutha kukhala pafupi ndi nyanja kapena pamtunda wopitilira 3,500 mita.
Ngakhale lili ndi dzina, chimbalangondo chakuda chimatha kupereka utoto wina muubweya, kukhala wonyezimira pang'ono ndipo ngakhale wokhala ndi mawanga oyera. Amatha kulemera pakati Mapaundi 40 (akazi) ndi Makilogalamu 250 (amuna). Ali ndi khungu lolimba kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya zimbalangondo komanso mutu wokulirapo.
Ali generalist ndi mwayi mwayi omnivores, kukhala okhoza kudya chilichonse chomwe angapeze. Kutengera nyengo, amadya chinthu chimodzi kapena china: zitsamba, masamba, zimayambira, mbewu, zipatso, zinyalala, ng'ombe, nyama zakutchire kapena mazira a mbalame. M'mbuyomu, kugwa, zimbalangondo zimadyetsedwa ma chestnuts aku America (Castanea dentata), koma patadwala mliri m'zaka za zana la 20 womwe udachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mitengoyi, zimbalangondo zidayamba kudya zipatso za thundu ndi ma walnuts.
Nthawi yoswana imayamba chakumapeto kwa masika, koma anawo sangabadwe mpaka mayi atagona, monga mitundu ina ya zimbalangondo.
Pandi wamkulu
M'mbuyomu, anthu a chimphona panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) anatambasula China, koma pano aponyedwa kumadzulo chakumadzulo kwa zigawo za Sichuan, Shaanxi ndi Gansu. Chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwake kuti asamalire, zikuwoneka kuti mtundu uwu ukukula kachiwiri, chifukwa chake chimphona chachikulu cha panda sichiri pachiwopsezo chotha.
Panda ndiye chimbalangondo chosiyana kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti akhala kwayekha kwazaka zopitilira 3 miliyoni, ndiye izi kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe si zachilendo. Chimbalangondochi chili ndi mutu woyera wozungulira kwambiri, wokhala ndi makutu akuda ndi mizere yakumaso, ndipo thupi lonse limakhalanso lakuda, kupatula msana ndi mimba.
Ponena za malo okhala panda panda, muyenera kudziwa kuti amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha m'mapiri a China, pamtunda wa pakati pa 1,200 ndi 3,300 mita. O nsungwi ndi zochuluka m'nkhalangozi ndipo ndiye chakudya chawo chachikulu komanso chimangokhala chakudya. Zimbalangondo za Panda zimasintha malo nthawi ndi nthawi, kutsatira kulira kwa nsungwi.
Amaberekana kuyambira Marichi mpaka Meyi, kubereka kumatenga masiku pakati pa 95 ndi 160 ndipo ana (m'modzi kapena awiri) amakhala chaka ndi theka kapena zaka ziwiri ndi amayi awo mpaka atakhala odziyimira pawokha.
Onani chilichonse chazakudya za chimbalangondo muvidiyo yathu ya YouTube:
Polar Bear
O Polar Bear (Ursus Maritimus) anasintha kuchokera ku chimbalangondo chofiirira pafupifupi zaka 35 miliyoni zapitazo. Nyama imeneyi imakhala m'malo ozizira kwambiri, ndipo thupi lake limasinthidwa nyengo yozizira.
Ubweya wake, wopepuka kukhala wopanda dzenje, uli wodzaza ndi mpweya, wogwira ntchito ngati zotchinjiriza zabwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, imapanga zowoneka zoyera, zabwino kwa kubisala mu chisanu ndi kusokoneza mano anu. Khungu lake ndi lakuda, chinthu chofunikira, chifukwa mtundu uwu umathandizira kuyamwa kwa kutentha.
Ponena za kudyetsa chimbalangondo, muyenera kudziwa kuti iyi ndi imodzi mwazimbalangondo zodya nyama kwambiri. Zakudya zanu zimakhazikitsidwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zisindikizo, monga chidindo chokhwima (Phoca hispida) kapena chisindikizo cha ndevu (Erignathus barbatus).
Zimbalangondo za polar ndizinyama zomwe sizichulukana kwenikweni. Ali ndi ana awo agalu oyamba azaka zapakati pa 5 ndi 8. Nthawi zambiri, amabala ana agalu awiri omwe amatha kukhala ndi amayi awo pafupifupi zaka ziwiri.
Zindikirani chifukwa chomwe chimbalangondo cha kumtunda chili pachiwopsezo chotha. Onani kanema wathu wa YouTube ndikutanthauzira kwathunthu:
Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Mitundu ya zimbalangondo: mitundu ndi mawonekedwe, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.