Fever ya West Nile mu Mahatchi - Zizindikiro, Chithandizo ndi Kupewa

Zamkati

• Fever ya West Nile ndi chiyani
• Zomwe Zimayambitsa West Nile Fever
• Zizindikiro za Kutentha kwa West Nile
• Kuzindikira Kwa Malungo a West Nile mu Mahatchi
• Matenda azachipatala komanso masiyanidwe
• matenda zasayansi
• Chithandizo cha akavalo
• Kupewa ndi Kuwongolera Kutentha kwa Nile ku West mu Mahatchi
• Katemera wa West Nile Fever mu Mahatchi

Malungo a West Nile ndi a Matenda osafalikira imakhudza kwambiri mbalame, akavalo ndi anthu ndipo imafalikira ndi udzudzu. Ndi matenda ochokera ku Africa, koma afalikira padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha mbalame zosamuka, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakachilomboka, ndikukhala ndi udzudzu wa mbalame-udzudzu womwe nthawi zina umaphatikizapo akavalo kapena anthu.

Matendawa amayambitsa zizindikilo zamanjenje zomwe nthawi zina zimatha kukhala zowopsa kwambiri ngakhale kupha omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Chifukwa chake, njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi matenda a West Nile pamahatchi, makamaka kudzera mu katemera wa akavalo omwe ali m'malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo.

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa kapena kumva za matendawa ndipo mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za matendawa, pitirizani kuwerenga izi Perito Fever ya West Nile mu Mahatchi - Zizindikiro ndi Kupewa.

Fever ya West Nile ndi chiyani

Malungo a West Nile ndi a Matenda osafalikira opatsirana ndi tizilombo ndipo amafalitsidwa ndi udzudzu nthawi zambiri culex kapena Aedes. Mbalame zakutchire, makamaka za banja Corvidae (PA)akhwangwala, jays) ndiye nkhokwe yayikulu ya kachilombo kamene kamafalitsira kwa anthu ena ndi udzudzu, chifukwa amakhala ndi viremia yamphamvu atalumidwa ndi udzudzu womwe uli ndi kachilomboka. Malo abwino oti kachiromboka afalikire ndi madera onyowa, monga mitsinje ya deltas, nyanja kapena madambo momwe mbalame zosamukira ndi udzudzu umachuluka.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mwachilengedwe timakhala ndi udzudzu-mbalame-udzudzu masoka mkombero, ndi nyama zoyamwitsa nthawi zina zimayambukiridwa ndi udzudzu wonyamula kachilomboka utaluma mbalame yomwe ili ndi magaziwo. Anthu ndi akavalo ali ovuta kwambiri ndipo amatha kupita nazo zizindikiro zamitsempha mochulukira, kachilomboka kamafika mkatikati mwa mitsempha ndi msana kudzera m'magazi.

Kutumiza kwa transplacental, kuyamwitsa kapena kusamutsa kwafotokozedwanso mwa anthu, kukhala zodziwika mu 20% yokha yamilandu. Palibe kufalikira kwa kavalo / kavalo, zomwe zimachitika ndikutenga kachilombo ka kachilombo ka udzudzu pakati pawo.

Ngakhale malungo a West Nile siamodzi mwamatenda ofala kwambiri pamahatchi, ndikofunikira kuchita zowunika za ziweto kuti tipewe izi ndi matenda ena.

Zomwe Zimayambitsa West Nile Fever

Chiwopsezo cha West Nile nthawi ina chimadziwika kuti sichitha ku Brazil, koma milandu yosiyanasiyana yakhala ikunenedwa m'maiko monga São Paulo, Piauí ndi Ceará kuyambira 2019.^[1][2][3]

Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha Kachilombo ka West Nile, womwe ndi kachilombo ka arbovirus (kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a arthropod) a m'banja Flaviviridae ndi za mtundu wanyimbo Flavivirus. Ndi ya mtundu womwewo monga Dengue, Zika, yellow fever, Japan encephalitis kapena ma virus a St. Louis encephalitis. Idadziwika koyamba mchaka cha 1937 ku Uganda, m'boma la West Nile. Matendawa amagawidwa makamaka mu Africa, Middle East, Asia, Europe ndi North America.

Ndi matenda odziwika ku World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), komanso zolembedwa mu Terrestrial Animal Health Code la bungwe lomweli. Kuwonjezeka kwa kachilombo ka West Nile kumakondedwa ndi kupezeka kwa madzi osefukira, mvula yambiri, kutentha kwapadziko lonse lapansi, kuchuluka kwa anthu, minda yambiri ya nkhuku komanso kuthirira mwamphamvu.

Zizindikiro za Kutentha kwa West Nile

Pambuyo pa kulumidwa ndi udzudzu, OZizindikiro za malungo a West Nile pamahatchi akhoza kutenga kuchokera Masiku 3 mpaka 15 kuti awonekere. Nthawi zina sadzawonekanso, chifukwa mahatchi ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilomboka sadzakhala ndi matendawa, motero sadzawonetsa zizindikiritso zamankhwala.

Matendawa akakula, akuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a akavalo omwe ali ndi kachilombo amafa. Zizindikiro zomwe kavalo wokhala ndi Nile Fever angasonyeze ndi izi:

• Malungo.
• Mutu.
• Kutupa kwa ma lymph node.
• Matenda a anorexia.
• Kukonda.
• Matenda okhumudwa.
• Zovuta kumeza.
• Vuto lamasomphenya ndikumayenda poyenda.
• Gawo lochedwa komanso lalifupi.
• Mutu pansi, wopendekeka kapena wothandizidwa.
• Zojambulajambula.
• Kusagwirizana.
• Minofu kufooka.
• Minofu inagwedezeka.
• Mano akupera.
• Kuuma ziwalo.
• Masewera owopsa.
• Kusuntha kozungulira.
• Kulephera kuyimirira.
• Kufa ziwalo.
• Kugwidwa.
• Ndi fayilo ya.
• Imfa.

Pafupi 80% ya matenda opatsirana mwa anthu samapereka zizindikiro ndipo, akafika, samadziwika kwenikweni, monga kutentha thupi pang'ono, kupweteka mutu, kutopa, nseru ndi / kapena kusanza, zotupa pakhungu komanso ma lymph node owonjezera. Kwa anthu ena, matendawa amatha kukhala ndi zovuta monga encephalitis ndi meningitis omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zamitsempha, koma kuchuluka kwake kumakhala kochepa.

Kuzindikira Kwa Malungo a West Nile mu Mahatchi

Matenda a Nile Fever pamahatchi amayenera kupangidwa kudzera kuchipatala, kusiyanitsa matenda ndipo ayenera kutsimikiziridwa potola zitsanzo ndikuzitumiza ku labotale yoyesera kuti akadziwike bwinobwino.

Matenda azachipatala komanso masiyanidwe

Ngati kavalo ayamba kuwonetsa zizindikilo zamaubongo zomwe takambirana, ngakhale zili zobisika, matendawa amafunika kukayikiridwa, makamaka ngati tili pachiwopsezo cha kufalikira kwa ma virus kapena kavalo sanalandire katemera.

Ndichifukwa chake itanani dokotala wazanyama wa equine pa machitidwe aliwonse achilendo a kavalo ndikofunikira kuti amuthandize mwachangu komanso kuwongolera ziphuphu zomwe zingachitike. nthawi zonse kusiyanitsa malungo a West Nile kuzinthu zina zomwe zingachitike ndi zizindikilo zofananira ndi akavalo, makamaka:

• Matenda a chiwewe ofanana.
• Mofanana ndi herpesvirus mtundu 1.
• Alphavirus encephalomyelitis.
• Encephalomyelitis ofanana protozoal.
• Kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa equine encephalitis.
• Venezia equine encephalitis.
• Verminosis encephalitis.
• Bakiteriya meningoencephalitis.
• Botulism.
• Ziphe.
• Matenda osokoneza bongo.

matenda zasayansi

Matendawa ndi omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi matenda ena amaperekedwa ndi labotale. Ziyenera kukhala anatenga zitsanzo kuchita mayeso ndipo, motero, kupeza ma antibodies kapena ma antigen a kachilombo kuti adziwe matendawa.

Kuyesera kuti apeze kachilombo ka HIV, makamaka ma antigen, Amachitidwa ndi zitsanzo za madzi amadzimadzi, ubongo, impso kapena mtima kuchokera ku autopsy ngati kavalo anamwalira, Ndi polymerase chain reaction kapena RT-PCR, immunofluorescence kapena immunohistochemistry muubongo ndi msana kukhala wothandiza.

Komabe, mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti apeze matendawa mu kukhala ndi akavalo amoyo ndiwo ma serological, ochokera m'magazi, seramu kapena madzimadzi a cerebrospinal, pomwe m'malo mwa kachilomboka ma antibodies adzapezeka kuti kavalo adamupangira. Makamaka, ma antibodies awa ndi ma immunoglobulins M kapena G (IgM kapena IgG). IgG imakwera pambuyo pake kuposa IgM ndipo pamene zizindikilo zamankhwala zilipo mokwanira ndiye kuti kupezeka kwa seramu IgM kumapezeka. Inu mayesero a serological kupezeka kuti matenda a Nile Fever azindikire mahatchi ndi awa:

• IgM imagwira ELISA (MAC-ELISA).
• IgG ELISA.
• Chopinga cha hemagglutination.
• Seroneutralization: imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kuyesa kwa ELISA koyenera kapena kosokoneza, chifukwa mayesowa amatha kuyanjana ndi ma flaviviruses ena ..

Kuzindikira motsimikiza kwa West Nile fever m'mitundu yonse kumapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kudzipatula, koma sichimachitidwa kawirikawiri chifukwa pamafunika Biosafety Level 3. Itha kudzipatula ku VERO (African green monkey chiwindi maselo) kapena RK-13 ​​(kalulu impso cell), komanso m'mizere ya nkhuku kapena mazira.

Chithandizo cha akavalo

Chithandizo cha West Nile Fever pamahatchi chimakhazikitsidwa chithandizo cha chizindikiro zomwe zimachitika, popeza kulibe ma virus, ndiye chithandizo chothandizira zidzakhala motere:

• Antipyretics, analgesics ndi mankhwala odana ndi zotupa kuti achepetse kutentha thupi, kupweteka komanso kutupa kwamkati.
• Kusintha kuti mukhale okhazikika.
• Mankhwala amadzimadzi ngati kavalo sangathe kudziyendetsa bwino.
• Chakudya cha chubu ngati kumeza kuli kovuta.
• Kugonekedwa mchipatala ndi malo otetezeka, makoma okhala ndi zikopa, kama wabwino komanso woteteza kumutu kuti muteteze kuvulala pakugogoda ndikuwongolera zizindikiritso zamitsempha.

Ambiri a akavalo omwe ali ndi kachilombo akuchira mwa kupanga chitetezo chokwanira. Nthawi zina, ngakhale kuti kavalo amaposa matendawa, pamatha kukhala sequelae chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwamuyaya kwamanjenje.

Kupewa ndi Kuwongolera Kutentha kwa Nile ku West mu Mahatchi

Malungo a West Nile ndi a matenda odziwika, koma silikukhudzidwa ndi pulogalamu yothetseratu, chifukwa siyopatsirana pakati pa akavalo, koma imafuna udzudzu kuti uyimire pakati pawo, chifukwa chake sikololedwa kupha akavalo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, kupatula pazifukwa zothandiza anthu ngati salinso abwino moyo.

Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera ku malungo a Nile kuti muchepetse matendawa kuyang'anira matenda wa udzudzu monga mavekitala, mbalame monga khamu lalikulu ndi akavalo kapena anthu mwangozi.

Zolinga za pulogalamuyi ndikuzindikira kupezeka kwa ma virus, kuwunika kuwopsa kwa mawonekedwe ake ndikukhazikitsa njira zina. Madambo akuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mwapadera ndipo kuyang'aniridwa kwa mbalame kumachitika pamitembo yawo, chifukwa ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amafa, kapena potengera zitsanzo kuchokera kwa okayikira; udzudzu, kudzera mu kugwidwa ndi kuzindikiritsidwa kwawo, ndi mahatchi, kupyola zitsanzo zosankhidwazi kapena ndi milandu yomwe akuwakayikira.

Popeza palibe mankhwala enieni, katemera ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa udzudzu ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse mahatchi omwe amatenga matendawa. O pulogalamu yoletsa udzudzu kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito njira izi:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othamangitsa pamahatchi.
• Ikani akavalo modyera, pewani zochitika zakunja panthawi yomwe udzudzu umakhudzidwa kwambiri.
• Fans, mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso misampha ya udzudzu.
• Chotsani malo oberekera udzudzu poyeretsa ndikusintha madzi akumwa tsiku lililonse.
• Zimitsani magetsi m'khola momwe kavalo amapewa kukopa udzudzu.
• Ikani maukonde udzudzu m'khola, komanso maukonde udzudzu pawindo.

Katemera wa West Nile Fever mu Mahatchi

Pa mahatchi, mosiyana ndi anthu, pali katemera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kapena momwe kachiromboka kamachitikira. Katemera wogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ndikuchepetsa mahatchi omwe ali ndi viremia, ndiye kuti, akavalo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka m'magazi awo, ndikuchepetsa kuopsa kwa matendawa powonetsa chitetezo ngati ali ndi kachilombo.

Katemera wosagwira ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira miyezi 6 zakubadwa kavalokutumikiridwa intramuscularly ndipo amafuna Mlingo awiri. Yoyamba ili ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, imayambitsanso pambuyo pakatha milungu inayi kapena isanu ndi umodzi ndiyeno kamodzi pachaka.

Tikutsindikanso kuti ngati kavalo ali ndi zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi, pitani kuchipatala cha kavalo posachedwa.

Tilinso ndi nkhani iyi yokhudza mankhwala a nkhupakupa pamavuto omwe angakusangalatseni.

Nkhaniyi ndi yongofuna kudziwa zambiri, ku PeritoAnimal.com.br sitingathe kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala kapena mtundu uliwonse wa matenda. Tikukulangizani kuti mupite ndi chiweto chanu kuchipatala ngati chili ndi vuto lililonse.

Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Fever ya West Nile mu Mahatchi - Zizindikiro, Chithandizo ndi Kupewa, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la matenda a kachilombo.