Zamkati
- Kodi chifuwa chachikulu ndi chiyani?
- Kodi chifuwa cha ziweto chimafalikira bwanji
- Zomwe zimayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu cha ziweto
- Magawo a chifuwa cha ziweto
- Gawo loyamba la chifuwa chachikulu cha ziweto
- Gawo lotsiriza
- Zizindikiro za chifuwa chachikulu cha ng'ombe
- Kuzindikira kwa chifuwa chachikulu cha ng'ombe
- mankhwala a chifuwa chachikulu cha bovine
Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amatha kukhudza ng'ombe ndipo ndi ofunika kwambiri paumoyo wa anthu, chifukwa ndi zoonosis, ndiye kuti kufalitsa mphamvu kwa anthu. Zizindikiro zake ndizopuma komanso mawonekedwe a chibayo, ngakhale zizindikilo zakugaya chakudya zitha kuwonedwa. Mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi udindo ndi a zovuta za Mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu ndipo imatha kukhudza nyama zambiri, makamaka zowotchera, zotsekula zinyama ndi zina zodya nyama.
Pitirizani kuwerenga nkhani iyi ya PeritoAnimal kuti mudziwe zonse chifuwa chachikulu cha ziweto - zoyambitsa ndi zizindikiro, momwe zimakhalira, momwe imafalikira ndi zina zambiri.
Kodi chifuwa chachikulu ndi chiyani?
Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu ndi a matenda opatsirana opatsirana a bakiteriya omwe zizindikiro zake zimatenga miyezi ingapo kuti ziwonekere. Dzinalo limachokera kuzilonda zam'mimba zomwe zimayambitsa ng'ombe zomwe zakhudzidwa, zotchedwa "tubers", m'mapapu ndi ma lymph node. Kuphatikiza pa ng'ombe, mbuzi, nswala, ngamila kapena nguluwe, pakati pa ena, zimathanso kukhudzidwa.
Kodi chifuwa cha ziweto chimafalikira bwanji
Matendawa ndi zoonosis, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chifuwa cha ziweto chimatha kufalikira kwa anthu kudzera m'magetsi kapena pomwa mkaka woipa kapena wopanda ukhondo. Ndi Matenda omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chololedwa ku ofesi ya ziweto, malinga ndi malamulo a Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, komanso ku World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), kuphatikiza pa matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri ng'ombe.
Zomwe zimayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu cha ziweto
Matenda a chifuwa cha chifuwa amayamba ndi a bakiteriya bacillus kuchokera ku zovuta za Matenda a Mycobacterium, makamaka kwa Mycobacterium bovis, komanso Mycobacterium alireza kapenaMycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu mochuluka motani. Ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana kwambiri am'magazi, zamatenda komanso zachilengedwe.
Nyama zamtchire monga nguluwe zimatha kugwira ntchito ngati zokulitsa mabakiteriya komanso ngati kachilombo koyambitsa matenda opatsirana m'nyumba.
Kupatsirana kumachitika makamaka kudzera mu kupuma kwa ma aerosols, ndi zinsinsi (mkodzo, umuna, magazi, malovu kapena mkaka) kapena kumeza ma fomites omwe amanyamula.
Magawo a chifuwa cha ziweto
Pambuyo pakupatsirana, pamakhala gawo loyambira komanso gawo lomaliza.
Gawo loyamba la chifuwa chachikulu cha ziweto
Gawo ili limayamba chifukwa cha matendawa mpaka 1 kapena 2 milungu pamene chitetezo chambiri chikuyamba. Pakadali pano, mabakiteriya akafika m'mapapu kapena ma lymph node, ma cytokines amayamba ndimaselo a dendritic omwe amakopa ma macrophages kuyesa kupha mabakiteriya. Kupha ma cytotoxic T lymphocyte kumawonekera ndikupha macrophage ndi mycobacteria, zomwe zimabweretsa zinyalala ndi necrosis. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimayendetsa ma lymphocyte ambiri mozungulira necrosis yomwe imakhala yopindika ngati yoluka, yolumikizana, ndikupanga tuberculous granuloma.
Zovuta izi zitha kusintha kukhala:
- Chiritsani: nthawi zambiri samakhala pafupipafupi.
- Kukhazikika: pafupipafupi mwa anthu, ndikuwerengera kwa zotupa kuti mycobacterium isapulumuke.
- Kupanga koyambirira kwamagazi: pomwe kulibe chitetezo. Izi zitha kufulumira, chifuwa chachikulu cha miliary chikuchitika, ndikupanga ma granulomas ambiri opweteka kumbali zonse, zazing'ono komanso zofanana. Ngati zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, zotupa zosagwirizana zimawoneka chifukwa sikuti ma mycobacteria onse amawoneka nthawi imodzi.
Gawo lotsiriza
zimachitika pomwepo chitetezo chokwanira, pambuyo pobwezeretsanso magazi, kukhazikika kapena kuyambiranso koyambirira, komwe bakiteriya yomwe imayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu imafalikira kumatenda oyandikira kudzera munjira ya mitsempha yodutsamo komanso kuphulika kwa mitsempha.
Zizindikiro za chifuwa chachikulu cha ng'ombe
Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu akhoza kukhala ndi maphunziro subacute kapena matenda, ndipo zimatenga miyezi ingapo kuti zizindikiro zoyambirira ziwonekere. Nthawi zina, imatha kugona nthawi yayitali, ndipo kwa ena, zizindikilozo zimatha kupha ng'ombe.
Inu Zizindikiro zambiri a chifuwa chachikulu cha ng'ombe ndi awa:
- Matenda a anorexia.
- Kuchepetsa thupi.
- Ikani mkaka.
- Kutentha kwa malungo.
- Chifuwa chowuma, chopumira.
- Mapapu akumveka.
- Kupuma kovuta.
- Kupweteka kwa nthiti.
- Kutsekula m'mimba.
- Kufooka.
- Kuchuluka kukula kwa mwanabele.
- Tachypnoea.
- matenda necrosis zotupa za chifuwa chachikulu, chosasinthasintha komanso chachikasu.
Kuzindikira kwa chifuwa chachikulu cha ng'ombe
Matenda opatsirana a chifuwa chachikulu amachokera chizindikiro cha ng'ombe. Komabe, chizindikirochi ndichachidziwikire ndipo chikuwonetsa njira zingapo zomwe zingakhudze ng'ombe, monga:
- Matenda am'mimba opuma.
- Mapapu abscesses chifukwa cha chifuwa chibayo.
- Opatsirana bovine pleuropneumonia.
- Matenda a leukosis.
- Actinobacillosis.
- Matenda
Chifukwa chake, chizindikiritso sichingakhale chidziwitso chotsimikizika. Yotsirizira imapezeka ndi mayeso a labotale. O matenda a microbiological mungapezeke ndi:
- Ziehl-Nelsen banga: kufunafuna mycobacteria pachitsanzo ndi Ziehl-Nelsen odetsa pansi pa microscope. Izi ndizachidziwikire, koma zosawoneka bwino, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti ngati mycobacteria iwonekera, titha kunena kuti ng'ombe ili ndi chifuwa chachikulu, koma ngati sichiwonedwa, sitingaletse.
- chikhalidwe cha bakiteriya: sizomwe zimachitika, monga kungoyang'ana chifukwa zikuchedwa. Kuzindikiritsa kumachitika ndi PCR kapena DNA probes.
Kenako, matenda zasayansi zikuphatikizapo:
- Elisa mozungulira.
- Elisa pambuyo pa uberculinization.
- Tuberculinization.
- Mayeso omasulira a Interferon-gamma (INF-y).
O kuyesa kwa tuberculinization ndi mayeso omwe amawonetsedwa kuti azindikire mwachindunji ng'ombe. Kuyesaku kumapangidwa ndi jakisoni wa chifuwa cha ziweto, chotulutsa mapuloteni a Mycobacterium bovis, Kudzera pakhungu la khosi, ndi kuyeza patatha masiku atatu kuchokera pa jekeseni kuti asinthe makulidwe ake. Zimatengera kuyerekezera kukula kwa ma forceps m'derali, asanagwiritse ntchito maola 72. Ndiyeso yomwe imazindikira mtundu wa IV hypersensitivity munyama yomwe ili ndi mycobacteria ya chifuwa chachikulu cha ziweto.
Kuyesaku ndikabwino ngati makulidwe ake akuposa 4 mm ndipo ngati ng'ombe ili nayo zizindikiro zachipatala, pomwe ndizokayikitsa ngati itenga pakati pa 2 ndi 4 mm popanda zizindikilo zamankhwala, ndipo imakhala yoyipa ngati ili yochepera 2 mm ndipo ilibe zisonyezo.
Chifukwa chake, matenda chifuwa chachikulu chimakhala ndi:
- Chikhalidwe ndi chizindikiritso cha mycobacteria.
- Tuberculinization.
mankhwala a chifuwa chachikulu cha bovine
Chithandizo sichikulangizidwa. Ndi matenda odziwika. Tsoka ilo, nyama zonse zabwino ziyenera kulimbikitsidwa.
Pali chithandizo chokha cha chifuwa chachikulu cha anthu, komanso katemera. Njira yabwino yopewera kutenga chifuwa cha ziweto ndi mkaka pasteurization za nyama izi zisanamezedwe, komanso kasamalidwe kabwino ka ng'ombe.
Kuphatikiza pakuwongolera minda, a pulogalamu yotulukira chifuwa chachikulu ndi mayeso ovomerezeka a matenda ndikuwunika kuvulala kwamankhwala osawoneka bwino kumalo ophera nyama kuti nyama yawo isalowe mgulu lazakudya.
Nkhaniyi ndi yongofuna kudziwa zambiri, ku PeritoAnimal.com.br sitingathe kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala kapena mtundu uliwonse wa matenda. Tikukulangizani kuti mupite ndi chiweto chanu kuchipatala ngati chili ndi vuto lililonse.
Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Chifuwa cha Bovine - Zomwe Zimayambitsa ndi Zizindikiro, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe gawo lathu la Matenda a Bakiteriya.