chimbalangondo chakuda

Zamkati

• chiyambi cha chimbalangondo chakuda
• Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe akuthupi a chimbalangondo chakuda
• khalidwe lakuda chimbalangondo
• kubala wakuda wakuda
• Malo osungira chimbalangondo chakuda

O chimbalangondo chakuda (ursus americanus), yemwenso amadziwika kuti America wakuda chimbalangondo kapena baribal, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino komanso zodziwika bwino ku North America, makamaka kuchokera ku Canada ndi United States. M'malo mwake, mwina mwamuwona akuwonetsedwa mu kanema wodziwika waku America kapena mndandanda. Mu mtundu uwu wa PeritoAnimal, mudzatha kudziwa zambiri komanso chidwi chokhudza nyama yayikulu kwambiri yapadziko lapansi iyi. Werengani kuti mudziwe zonse za magwero a chimbalangondo chakuda, mawonekedwe ake, machitidwe ake komanso kubereka kwake.

• America
• Canada
• U.S

chiyambi cha chimbalangondo chakuda

chimbalangondo chakuda ndi mitundu nyama a banja la zimbalangondo, zochokera ku North America. Chiwerengero chake chimachokera kumpoto kwa Canada ndi Alaska kudera la Sierra Gorda ku Mexico, kuphatikiza magombe a Atlantic ndi Pacific a U.S. Anthu ambiri amapezeka m'nkhalango ndi m'mapiri a Canada ndi United States, komwe kuli mtundu wotetezedwa kale. M'madera aku Mexico, anthu ndi osowa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'mapiri kumpoto kwa dzikolo.

Mitunduyi idafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1780 ndi a Peter Simon Pallas, katswiri wodziwa zanyama ku Germany komanso wazomera. Pakadali pano, ma subspecies 16 a chimbalangondo chakuda amadziwika ndipo chosangalatsa, si onse omwe ali ndi ubweya wakuda. Tiyeni tiwone mwachangu zomwe Subspecies 16 zakuda chimbalangondo okhala ku North America:

• Ursus americanus altifrontalis: amakhala kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa Pacific, kuchokera ku Briteni mpaka kumpoto kwa Idaho.
• Ursus americanus ambiceps: Amapezeka ku Colorado, Texas, Arizona, Utah, ndi kumpoto kwa Mexico.
• Ursus americanus americanus: umakhala zigawo zakum'mawa kwa Nyanja ya Atlantic, kumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Canada, ndi Alaska, kumwera kwa Texas.
• Ursus americanus californiensis: amapezeka ku Central Valley ya California ndi kumwera kwa Oregon.
• Ursus americanus carlottae: amakhala ku Alaska kokha.
• Ursus americanus cinnamomum: amakhala ku United States, m'maiko a Idaho, Western Montana, Wyoming, Washington, Oregon ndi Utah.
• ursus americanus emmonsii: Amapezeka ku Southeast Alaska kokha.
• Ursus americanus eremicus: anthu ake amakhala ochepa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Mexico.
• Ursus americanus floridanus: amakhala m'maboma a Florida, Georgia ndi Alabama akumwera.
• Ursus americanus hamiltoni: ndi subspecies wamba pachilumba cha Newfoundland.
• Ursus americanus kermodei: amakhala m'chigawo chapakati cha Briteni.
• Ursus americanus luteolus: ndi mtundu womwe umapezeka kum'mawa kwa Texas, Louisiana ndi kumwera kwa Mississippi.
• zikwangwani za ursus americanus: amakhala ku Mexico kokha.
• ursus americanus perniger: ndi mitundu yopezeka ku Kenai Peninsula (Alaska).
• Ursus americanus pugnax: Chimbalangondo ichi chimangokhala ku Alexander Archipelago (Alaska).
• Ursus americanus vancouveri: amangokhala pachilumba cha Vancouver (Canada).

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe akuthupi a chimbalangondo chakuda

Ndi ma subspecies ake 16, chimbalangondo chakuda ndi chimodzi mwazinyama zomwe zimakhala ndi kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu pakati pa anthu ake. Mwambiri, tikulankhula za a chimbalangondo chachikulu, ngakhale ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa zimbalangondo zofiirira komanso zimbalangondo zakumtunda. Zimbalangondo zakuda zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati 1.40 ndi 2 mita kutalika ndi kutalika kwa kufota pakati pa 1 ndi 1.30 mita.

Kulemera kwa thupi kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa subspecies, kugonana, zaka komanso nthawi yayitali. Zazimayi zimatha kulemera makilogalamu 40 mpaka 180, pomwe kulemera kwamwamuna kumasiyanasiyana 70 ndi 280 kg. Izi zimbalangondo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolemera kwambiri pakugwa, pomwe zimayenera kudya chakudya chochuluka kukonzekera nyengo yozizira.

Mutu wa chimbalangondo chakuda uli ndi nkhope yowongoka, wokhala ndi maso ang'onoang'ono a bulauni, mphuno yowongoka komanso makutu ozungulira. Thupi lake, kumbali inayo, limavumbula mawonekedwe amakona anayi, kukhala aatali pang'ono kuposa kutalika kwake, ndi miyendo yakumbuyo yowoneka motalika kwambiri kuposa yakutsogolo (pafupifupi 15 cm kutalikirana). Miyendo yakumbuyo yayitali komanso yamphamvu imalola kuti chimbalangondo chakuda chikhale ndikusuntha mozungulira, chomwe ndichizindikiro cha zinyama izi.

Chifukwa cha zikhadabo zawo zamphamvu, zimbalangondo zakuda zilinso wokhoza kukumba ndi kukwera mitengo mosavuta. Ponena za malaya, sizinthu zonse zakuda zakuda zomwe zimawonetsa chovala chakuda. Kudera lonse la North America, ma subspecies okhala ndi bulauni, pabuka, chokoleti, blonde, ngakhale kirimu kapena malaya oyera.

khalidwe lakuda chimbalangondo

Ngakhale ndi yayikulu komanso yolimba, chimbalangondo chakuda chimakhala chachikulu agile ndi zolondola posaka, ndipo amathanso kukwera mitengo yayitali yamnkhalango komwe amakhala ku North America kuthawa zoopseza kapena kupumula mwamtendere. Kusuntha kwake ndimikhalidwe ya nyama yoyenda m'munda, ndiye kuti, imagwirizira bwino mapazi ake pansi poyenda. Komanso, ali osambira aluso ndipo nthawi zambiri amadutsa malo akuluakulu amadzi kuti azisuntha pakati pazilumba zazilumba kapena kuwoloka kuchokera kumtunda kupita pachilumba.

Chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo, zikhadabo zawo zamphamvu, liwiro lawo komanso mphamvu zawo zopangidwa bwino, zimbalangondo zakuda ndi osaka bwino kwambiri omwe amatha kugwira nyama zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri amadya chiswe ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono mpaka makoswe, nswala, nsomba zam'madzi, nsomba ndi nkhanu. Potsirizira pake, amathanso kupindula ndi nyama zakufa zomwe zatsalira kapena kudya mazira kuti athandizire kudya mapuloteni m'zakudya zawo. Komabe, ndiwo zamasamba zimaimira 70% ya zomwe zili zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kumawononga zambiri zitsamba, udzu, zipatso, zipatso ndi mtedza wa paini. Amakondanso uchi ndipo amatha kukwera mitengo ikuluikulu kuti aipeze.

Pakugwa, nyama zazikuluzikuluzi zimawonjezera chakudya chawo, chifukwa zimafunikira mphamvu zokwanira kuti zisunge kagayidwe kabwino m'nyengo yozizira. Komabe, zimbalangondo zakuda sizimabisala, m'malo mwake zimakhala ndi tulo tofa nato m'nyengo yozizira, pomwe kutentha kwa thupi kumangotsika pang'ono pomwe nyamayo imagona kwakanthawi m'phanga lake.

kubala wakuda wakuda

zimbalangondo zakuda zili nyama zosungulumwa omwe amangolumikizana ndi anzawo pofika nyengo yokhwima, yomwe imachitika pakati pa Meyi ndi Ogasiti, nthawi yachilimwe ndi chilimwe ku Northern Hemisphere. Mwambiri, amuna amafika pokhwima pogonana kuyambira chaka chachitatu cha moyo, pomwe akazi amatero kuyambira chaka chachiwiri mpaka chachisanu ndi chinayi cha moyo.

Monga mitundu ina ya zimbalangondo, chimbalangondo chakuda ndi viviparous nyama, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti umuna ndi kukula kwa mwana kumachitika m'mimba mwa mkazi. Zimbalangondo zakuda zachedwa kutulutsa umuna, ndipo mazira samayamba kukula mpaka pafupifupi milungu khumi atagwirana, kuteteza ana kuti asabadwe kugwa. Nthawi yoberekera yamtunduwu imakhala pakati pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka isanu ndi iwiri, kumapeto kwake mkaziyo amabala mwana m'modzi kapena awiri, omwe amabadwa opanda tsitsi, otseka ndi maso pafupifupi kulemera kwa magalamu 200 mpaka 400.

Ana agalu adzawamwa mpaka atakwanitsa miyezi isanu ndi itatu, pomwe ayamba kuyesa zakudya zolimba. Komabe, azikhala ndi makolo awo zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zoyambirira za moyo, mpaka atakula msinkhu wokonzeka kukhala okha. Kutalika kwa moyo wanu m'chilengedwe kumatha kusiyanasiyana Zaka 10 ndi 30.

Malo osungira chimbalangondo chakuda

Malinga ndi IUCN Red List of Endangered Species, chimbalangondo chakuda chimadziwika kuti ndi mkhalidwe wopanda nkhawa, makamaka chifukwa chakukula kwake ku North America, kupezeka kochepa kwa zachilengedwe komanso njira zodzitetezera. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo zakuda kwatsika kwambiri pazaka mazana awiri zapitazi, makamaka chifukwa cha kusaka. Akuyerekeza kuti pafupifupi Anthu 30,000 amasakidwa chaka chilichonse, makamaka ku Canada ndi ku Alaska, ngakhale ntchitoyi ndiyovomerezeka komanso mitundu yazachilengedwe imatetezedwa.