Zinyama 49 zoweta: tanthauzo ndi mitundu

Zamkati

• Nyama zoweta
• Mitundu ya ziweto
• nyama zoweta ndi zakutchire
• Nyama zamtchire
• Mgwirizano wa CITES
• Zinyama zosowa
• Zowopsa ngati ziweto
• Mndandanda wa ziweto
• mbalame zoweta
• makoswe zoweta

Ziweto zimatha kukhala ziweto, koma sizikhala choncho nthawi zonse. Ndi gulu la nyama zomwe m'mbiri yonse zidasankhidwa mwachilengedwe komanso chibadwa kuti zithe kuchita zinthu ndi anthu komanso zikhalidwe zina. Zowona kuti chinyama chimawerengedwa zoweta sizitanthauza kuti imatha kukhala m'nyumba, makamaka khola. Mu positi iyi kuchokera ku PeritoAnimalifotokoza ziweto ndi chiyani, mitundu 49 yomwe ili m'gulu lino ku Brazil ndi zina zofunika pakudziwaku.

Nyama zoweta

Nyama zoweta, kwenikweni, ndi nyama zomwe anthu amaweta, zomwe ndizosiyana ndi kuweta. Ndiwo mitundu yonse ndi mitundu yomwe yasankhidwa m'mbiri yonse yomwe idasinthidwa mwachilengedwe kuti ikhale ndi anthu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ndi Pulogalamu ya ku Brazil Yosunga Zachilengedwe ^[1], Mitundu yambiri ya ziweto ku Brazil idapangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu ndi mitundu yomwe idabweretsedwa ndi aku Portugal omwe amalowetsa nkhondoyi ndipo pambuyo poti masankhidwe achilengedwe akukweza mikhalidwe yosinthidwa mwachilengedwe.

IBAMA ^[2] ganizirani momwe zingakhalire Nyama zakutchire:

Zinyama zonsezo zomwe, kudzera muntchito zachikhalidwe komanso zadongosolo la kasamalidwe ndi / kapena kusintha kwaukadaulo waukadaulo, zidakhala zoweta, zowonetsa zikhalidwe ndi machitidwe omwe amadalira kwambiri munthu, ndipo atha kupereka phenotype yosiyana, yosiyana ndi mitundu yakuthengo yomwe idayambira.

Palibe mulingo wosinthika wazinyama zonse popeza izi zidayamba zaka zambiri zisanachitike. Malinga ndi nkhani yomwe idasindikizidwa munyuzipepala yasayansi ya Nature ^[3], mimbulu ndi makolo agalu ndipo adalembedwera zaka 33,000 zapitazo, mwina atakhala ngati nyama yoyamba kuweta anthu, yopambana ndi ziweto, malinga ndi lipoti lofalitsidwa ku National Geographic ^[4].

Amphaka, nawonso, amawetedwa zaka masauzande zapitazo, mu nthawi ya Neolithic, kale anthu asanakakamize kuwoloka kuti akwaniritse zina. Malinga ndi nkhani yomwe idasindikizidwa munyuzipepala yasayansi ya Nature ^[5], umboni ukuwonetsa kuti crossover yawo 'yakunyumba' idayamba mu Middle Ages kokha.

Zinyama zoweta zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

Mitundu ya ziweto

• Ziweto (kapena nyama zina);
• Ziweto ndi ng'ombe;
• Nyama zonyamula katundu kapena nyama zogwira ntchito.

Ngakhale silalamulo, pali zikhalidwe zodziwika bwino zomwe zimapezeka m'zinyama zambiri:

• Amakula msanga ndipo amakhala ndi moyo kwakanthawi kochepa;
• Amabereka mwachilengedwe ali mu ukapolo;
• Iwo ndi osagonjetsedwa ndipo ali ndi kusintha kwakukulu.

nyama zoweta ndi zakutchire

Nyama yamtchire imatha kuwetedwa, koma siyingathe kuweta. Ndiye kuti, machitidwe ake amatha kusintha kutengera momwe zinthu zilili kwanuko, koma samakhala nyama yoweta ndipo siyofunitsitsa kutero.

Nyama zamtchire

Nyama zamtchire, ngakhale zitachokera kudziko lomwe tikukhalamo, ayi ayenera kuchitiridwa ngati ziweto. Ndikoletsedwa kusunga nyama zamtchire ngati ziweto. Sizingatheke kuwachepetsa. Kunyumba kwamtundu wamtundu kumatenga zaka zambiri ndipo sichinthu chomwe chingapezeke panthawi yachitsanzo chimodzi. Kuphatikiza pa kuti izi zitha kutsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha mitunduyi ndikulimbikitsa kuwononga ndi kuwalanda ufulu wawo.

Ku Brazil komanso padziko lonse lapansi, mitundu ina yomwe imapezeka ngati ziweto zomwe siziyenera kukhala ndi mitundu ina ya akamba, sardon, zikopa zapadziko lapansi, mwa zina.

Mgwirizano wa CITES

O magalimoto osavomerezeka zamoyo zomwe zimachitika pakati pa mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi ndizowona. Nyama ndi zomera zimachotsedwa m'malo awo achilengedwe, zomwe zimayambitsa kusamvana pakati pa zachilengedwe, zachuma komanso anthu. Pofuna kuthana ndi malonda a nyama ndi zomerazi, mgwirizano wa CITES (Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna) udabadwa mchaka cha 1960 ndipo cholinga chake ndikuteteza nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, mwazifukwa zina. . Imaphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi 5,800 ya nyama ndi mitundu pafupifupi 30,000 yazomera.

Zinyama zosowa

Kugulitsa ndi kukhala ndi nyama zakunja, zosaloledwa nthawi zambiri, kuphatikiza pakuwononga nyama mosayerekezereka, zitha kubweretsa mavuto azaumoyo, chifukwa zimatha kunyamula matenda omwe amapezeka m'malo omwe amachokera. Zinyama zambiri zachilendo zomwe titha kugula zimachokera pagalimoto yosaloledwa, chifukwa mitunduyi sichibadwira mu ukapolo.

Pakugwira ndikusamutsa, nyama zoposa 90% zimafa. Monga kuti sizinali zokwanira, ngati nyamayo yapulumuka kuti ifike kunyumba kwathu, imatha kuthawa ndikudziwonetsa yokha ngati mitundu yowononga, kuthetseratu mitundu yachilengedwe komanso kuwononga chilengedwe.

Malinga ndi IBAMA^[2], nyama zakutchire zakunja:

ziweto zonse zomwe zili zamtundu kapena zazing'ono zomwe magawidwe ake samaphatikizapo Gawo Laku Brazil ndi mitundu kapena tinthu tating'ono tomwe timayambitsidwa ndi munthu, kuphatikiza ziweto zakutchire kapena zokwezeka. Mitundu kapena subspecies yomwe yakhazikitsidwa kunja kwa malire aku Brazil ndi madera ake amadzi komanso yomwe yalowa ku Brazil Territory amaonedwa kuti ndi achilendo.

Zowopsa ngati ziweto

Kuphatikiza pa kukhala ndi zoletsedwa, palinso nyama zina zomwe ndizowopsa kwa anthu, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kapena kukwiya kwawo. Mwa iwo, titha kupeza coati ndi iguana.

Mndandanda wa ziweto

Mndandanda wazinyama (nyama zomwe zimawerengedwa zoweta kuti zigwire ntchito) za IBAMA ndi izi:

• njuchi (Apis mellifera);
• Alpaca (pacos matope);
• Silika (Bombyx sp);
• Njati (bubalus bubalis);
• Mbuzi (kapangidwe ka capra);
• Galu (nyumba zodziwika bwino);
• Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus);
• Ngamila (Camelus Bactrianus);
• Mbewa (Mus musculus);
• Canary ya Ufumu kapena Canary ya ku Belgian (Serinus canarius);
• Hatchi (equus caballus);
• Chinchilla (lanigera chinchilla pokhapokha atagwidwa ukapolo);
• Mbalame Yakuda (Maofesi a cygnus);
• Nkhumba ya Guinea kapena nkhumba ya Guinea (chinthaka);
• Zinziri za ku China (Coturnix coturnix);
• Kalulu (Oryctolagus cuniculus);
• Daimondi ya Gould (Chloebiagouldiae);
• Chimandarini Daimondi (Taeniopygia guttata);
• Dromedary (Camelus dromedarius);
• KutumizaHelix sp);
• Collared Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus);
• Ng'ombe (taurus wabwino);
• Ng'ombe za Zebu (bos indicus);
• Nkhuku (Galus zoweta);
• mbalame (Guinea mbalame)Numida meleagris obadwanso mu ukapolo);
• tsekwe (Malangizo sp.);
• Goose waku Canada (Branta canadensis);
• Mtsinje wa Nile (alopochen magulus);
• mphaka (Felis catus);
• ZamgululiCricetus Cricetus);
• Bulu (equus asinus);
• chilombo (matope okongola);
• Manon (Lonchura striata);
• Mallard (Anas sp);
• Nyongolotsi;
• Nkhosa (ovis ali);
• carolina bakha (Aix sponsa);
• Chimandarini Bakha (Aix galericulata);
• Pikoko (Pavo cristatus);
• Partridge woyamwa (Alectoris chukar);
• Parakeet waku Australia (Melopsittacus undulatus);
• Peru (Meleagris gallopavo);
• Phiri (Neochmia phaeton);
• Nkhunda ya Diamondi (Cunette Geopelia);
• Nkhunda yakutchire (Columba livia);
• Nkhumba (sus scrofa);
• khoswe (Rattus norvegicus):
• Mbewa (rattus rattus)
• Tadorna (Tadorna sp).

mbalame zoweta

Ngakhale mindandanda yomwe ili pamwambapa ikuwonetsa mitundu ya mbalame monga tsekwe, turkey kapena peacock, sizinthu zonse zomwe zili zofunikira kukhala m'nyumba yokhazikika pokhapokha mutakhala pafamu kapena pafamu. M'malo mwake, kwa iwo omwe amakhulupirira kuti malo a mbalame ndi achilengedwe osati khola, palibe mtundu uliwonse wabwino.

PeritoAnimalinso ndi malo okhala pafupifupi mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya mbalame zoweta zomwe zimakhala nazo kunyumba ndipo tikupemphani kuti mufufuze. Mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amaganiza, macaws, zinkhwe, ma toucans ndi mitundu ina yomwe siili pamndandanda si mbalame zoweta ndipo zomwe zili zosaloledwa zimawerengedwa upandu wachilengedwe.^[6]

Malinga ndi mndandanda womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa, mbalame zoweta ndi izi:

• Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus);
• Canary ya Ufumu kapena Canary ya ku Belgian (Serinus canarius);
• Mbalame Yakuda (Maofesi a cygnus);
• Zinziri za ku China (Coturnix Coturnix);
• Daimondi ya Gould (Chloebiagouldiae);
• Chimandarini Daimondi (Taeniopygia guttata);
• Collared Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus);
• Nkhuku (Galus domesticus);
• mbalame (Guinea mbalame)Numida meleagris obadwanso mu ukapolo);
• tsekwe (Malangizo sp.);
• Goose waku Canada (Branta canadensis);
• Mtsinje wa Nile (alopochen magulus);
• Manon (PA)chilumula);
• Mallard (PAAnas sp);
• carolina bakha (Aix sponsa);
• Chimandarini Bakha (Aix galericulata);
• Pikoko (Pavo cristatus);
• Partridge woyamwa (Alectoris chukar);
• Parakeet waku Australia (Melopsittacus undulatus);
• Peru (Meleagris gallopavo);
• Phiri (Neochmia phaeton);
• Nkhunda ya Daimondi (Cunette Geopelia);
• Nkhunda yakutchire (Columba livia);
• Tadorna (Tadorna sp).

makoswe zoweta

Zomwezo zimachitika ndi makoswe, ambiri ali mndandandandawo, koma sizitanthauza kuti amalimbikitsidwa ngati ziweto. Malinga ndi IBAMA, nyama zomwe zimawoneka ngati zoweta ku Brazil ndi izi:

• Mbewa (Mus musculus)
• Chinchilla (lanigera chinchilla pokhapokha atagwidwa ukapolo);
• Nkhumba ya Guinea kapena nkhumba ya Guinea (chinthaka);
• ZamgululiCricetus Cricetus);
• khoswe (Rattus norvegicus):
• Mbewa (rattus rattus).

Kumbukirani kuti akalulu (Oryctolagus cuniculus) ndi nyama zoweta, komabe, misonkho, samaonedwa ngati makoswe, mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amaganiza. akalulu ali ziphuphu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi za makoswe. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, tikupangira kuwerenga nkhaniyi yomwe ikufotokoza Mfundo zosangalatsa za akalulu.