Zamkati
Unicorn amapezeka m'makanema komanso zolembalemba m'mbiri yonse yazikhalidwe. Masiku ano, timawapezanso nkhani zazifupi komanso nthabwala kwa ana. Nyama yokongolayi komanso yokongola mosakayikira imakopa chidwi cha anthu, chifukwa nthawi zonse imafotokozedwa modabwitsa ndipo, nthawi zambiri, imalumikizidwa ndi zochitika za iwo omwe amasewera nthano zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, masiku ano nyama iyi sichipezeka pofotokoza zamoyo zomwe zikukhala padziko lapansi.
Komano, nkhani zanyama izi zimachokera kuti, zidakhalako Padziko Lapansi? Tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge nkhani iyi ya PeritoAnimal kuti mudziwe ngati Unicorn ilipo kapena yakhalapo ndikudziwa bwino za unicorn weniweni. Kuwerenga bwino.
nthano ya unicorn
Kodi chipembere chilipo? Malipoti onena za chipembere adayamba zaka zambiri, zilipo kwazaka mazana ambiri. Ndipo pali njira zosiyanasiyana zoyambira nthano za nyama yanthano iyi. Chimodzi mwazomwezi chimafanana pafupifupi 400 BC, ndipo chimapezeka mu nkhani yolembedwa ndi dokotala wachi Greek Ctesias wa Knidus, yomwe adaitcha Indica. Mu lipotili, malongosoledwe amapangidwa kumpoto kwa India, ndikuwonetsa nyama zakunyumba ndi chipembere amatchulidwa ngati nyama yakutchire, yofanana ndi kavalo kapena bulu, koma ndi maso oyera, amtambo komanso kukhalapo kwa lipenga pafupifupi 70 cm Kutalika.
Malinga ndi zomwe zanenedwa, nyanga iyi inali mankhwala, kuti athe kuchepetsa matenda ena. Anthu ena achi Greek omwe amatchulanso nyama zamanyanga amodzi anali Aristotle ndi Strabo, komanso Pliny wakale waku Roma. Wolemba mabuku wachiroma Elianus, polemba za chilengedwe cha nyama, akugwira mawu a Ctesias akuti ku India ndizotheka kupeza akavalo okhala ndi nyanga imodzi.
Kumbali ina, matembenuzidwe ena a Baibulo adamasulira liwu lachihebri "restrain" ngati "unicorn", pomwe matembenuzidwe ena amalemba amatanthauza "chipembere", "ng'ombe", "njati", "ng'ombe" kapena "auroch" mwina chifukwa panalibe kumveketsa bwino tanthauzo lenileni la mawuwa. Pambuyo pake, komabe, akatswiri adamasulira liwu loti "ng'ombe zamtchire’.
Nkhani ina yomwe idapangitsa kukhalapo kwa nyamazi ndikuti, mu Middle Ages, nyanga yomwe amati ndi ya chipembere idalakalakidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha zabwino zake, komanso chifukwa idakhala chinthu chotchuka kwa aliyense amene anali nawo. Pakadali pano, zadziwika kuti zambiri mwa zidutswazi zomwe zimapezeka m'malo owonetsera zakale zimagwirizana ndi dzino la narwhal (Monodon monoceros).
Chifukwa chake, akuti akuti Ma Viking a nthawiyo ndipo okhala ku Greenland, kuti akwaniritse kufunika kwa nyanga za chipembere ku Europe, adatenga mano awa powadutsa ngati nyanga chifukwa azungu panthawiyo samadziwa za narwhal, yomwe idali ku Arctic ndi North Atlantic.
Amanenanso kuti nyanga zambiri zomwe zimagulitsidwa ngati zipembere zinalidi zipembere. Koma pambuyo pa zonse, chipembere chilipo kapena unayamba wakhalapo? Tsopano popeza tidziwa nthano ndi nkhani zina zotchuka kwambiri zomwe zimayika nyama iyi padziko lapansi, tiyeni tikambirane za chipembere chenicheni chotsatira.
Ndipo popeza tikulankhula za chipembere, mwina mutha kukhala ndi chidwi ndi nkhani ina iyi yomwe timakambirana ngati wopusitsika wa nthano analipodi.
chipembere chenicheni
Nkhani yowona ya unicorn imakhudzana ndi nyama yomwe imadziwika kuti elasmotherium, chimphona chachikulu kapena unicorn yaku Siberia, yomwe ingakhale nyama yomwe titha kuyitcha unicorn, mwa njira, anazimiririka ndipo anali m'gulu la zamoyozo Elasmotherium sibiricum, kotero inali ngati chipembere chachikulu koposa kavalo. Chipembere chachikulu ichi chimakhala kumapeto kwa Pleistocene ndikukhala ku Eurasia. Anayikidwa misonkho mu dongosolo la Perissodactyla, banja la Rhinocerotidae ndi mtundu wotha wa Elasmotherium.
Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha nyamayi chinali kupezeka kwa nyanga yayikulu, pafupifupi 2 mita kutalika, yayikulu kwambiri, mwina yopangidwa ndi mgwirizano wa nyanga ziwiri Mitundu ina ya zipembere yomwe ili nayo. Nkhaniyi, malinga ndi asayansi ena, itha kukhala chiyambi chenicheni cha nkhani ya unicorn.
Chipembere chachikulu chimagawana malo ndi mtundu wina wa chipembere ndi njovu. Idakhazikitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa mano ake kuti inali nyama yadyera yodziwika bwino yodyetsera udzu. Zimphona zazikuluzi za m'nyengo yachisanu zinali zolemera kuwirikiza kawiri kulemera kwa abale awo, motero akuti akanalemera matani 3.5. Kuphatikiza apo, anali ndi hump yotchuka ndipo amatha kuthamanga kwambiri. Ngakhale ndimakonzedwe angapo am'mbuyomu, posachedwapa zanenedwa kuti mtundu uwu unakhalako mpaka zaka zosachepera 39,000 zapitazo. Amanenanso kuti adakhalako nthawi imodzimodzi ndi ma Neanderthal mochedwa komanso anthu amakono.
Ngakhale sizinasiyidwe kuti kusaka nyama zambiri kwapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke, palibe umboni wotsimikizika pankhaniyi. Zomwe zikuwonetsedwazo zikuwonetsa kuti inali mtundu wachilendo, wokhala ndi anthu ochepa komanso kuti udavutika ndi kusintha kwa nyengo za nthawiyo, zomwe pamapeto pake zidapangitsa kuti zisasowe. Tsopano chipembere chimangopeka m'nthano ndi nthano.
Umboni woti chipembedzocho chinalipo
kuganizira mitundu Elasmotherium sibiricum monga chipembere chenicheni, pali umboni wochuluka wazakale zakuti ulipobe. Kodi chipembere chinalipo, ndiye? Monga tikudziwira lero, ayi, chifukwa palibe umboni wakupezeka kwake padziko lapansi..
Kubwerera pamaso pa chipembere chachikulu olembedwa ngati "chipembere", zotsalira zambiri zamitunduyi zapezeka ku Europe ndi Asia, makamaka zidutswa za mano, chigaza ndi mafupa a nsagwada; zambiri mwa zotsalazo zidapezeka m'malo aku Russia. Akatswiri anena kuti mitunduyo imawonetsa mawonekedwe azakugonana chifukwa chakusiyana ndi kufanana komwe kumapezeka m'madevu achikulire angapo, makamaka olumikizidwa ndi kukula kwa madera ena a mafupa.
Posachedwa, asayansi adatha kupatula DNA ya chipembere ku Siberia, chomwe chinawalola kuti adziwe komwe kuli Elasmotherium sibiricum, komanso gulu lonse la gulu la Elastrotherium ndikufotokozeranso chiyambi cha zipembere. Dziwani zambiri zamtundu wa zipembere zomwe zili munkhaniyi.
Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pamaphunziro ndikuti zipembere zamakono zimasiyana ndi makolo awo zaka pafupifupi 43 miliyoni zapitazo ndi chipembere chachikulu inali mitundu yotsiriza ya mzera wakale wakale wa nyama.
Zolemba ngati izi timawona kuti nyama sizimangotidabwitsa chifukwa chakukhaladi kwawo, komanso chifukwa cha zikhulupiriro ndi nthano zomwe, ngakhale zimachokera kukakhala nyama, powonjezera zinthu zabwino zomwe zimakopa chidwi, zomwe zimamaliza kulimbikitsa chidwi chofuna kudziwa zambiri za mitundu yomwe idalimbikitsa nkhanizi. Kumbali inayi, tikuwonanso momwe zolemba zakale ndichinthu chamtengo wapatali, chifukwa kokha kuchokera ku kafukufuku wake ndizotheka kufikira malingaliro ofunikira pazomwe zamoyo zimakhalapo padziko lapansi komanso zomwe zingayambitse kutayika kwa ambiri, monga momwe zilili ndi chipembere chenicheni.
Tsopano popeza mukudziwa yankho wina akafunsa ngati chipembere chilipo, mwina mungakhale ndi chidwi ndi kanemayu wonena za nyama zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi zapezeka kale:
Ngati mukufuna kuwerenga zina zambiri zofanana ndi Kodi unicorn ilipo kapena idakhalapo?, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulowe mu gawo lathu la Curiosities la nyama.